Digital Commons Network^™

Enhancing Weight Gain In Long-Term Care Residents At Risk For Weight Loss Through Protein And Calorie Fortification., Shannon Marie Tolbert

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose of this study was to compare two methods of supplementing diets in order to provide additional protein and calories to increase body weight. The study consisted of two groups from the James H. Quillen Veterans Affair Medical Center Nursing Home Care Unit. Experimental group received foods fortified with increased calories and protein at mealtimes. Control group received nutrition supplements between meals. Fifteen subjects began the study. Analysis of weight change revealed that those in the experimental group had no weight change over the four months. Subjects in the control group gained an average of 4.8 lbs of body weight …

Efficacy Of Different Educational Methods For A High School Prenatal Substance Use Prevention And Nutrition Program., Kimberly Renee Webb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge of the effects of prenatal substance use and to introduce the special nutritional needs of pregnancy in two counties in a region with high rates of low birth weight and prenatal substance abuse. A comparison of the efficacy of the educational program being delivered by a registered dietitian or by a group of high school students trained by the dietitian was performed. One hundred six high school students participated in the program and took identical pre- and posttests. The tests were compared to measure knowledge gain and were analyzed by paired …

The Impact Of A Rural School-Based Health Center On Students And Their Families In Sneedville, Tennessee: A Case Study., Michael D. Belcher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to describe the impact that the school-based health center in Sneedville, Tennessee had on students who attended Hancock County High School. The study documented how the school-based health center affected students, families, and the community of Sneedville. Case study methodology was used to determine if the school-based health center impacted school attendance, mental and emotional health, sexual practices, and overall quality of life for students and their families.

Data were collected through 25 interviews with health center stakeholders. The methodology included working with the staff at the school-based health center to identify the key …

Nutrient Intake Of Wic Participants Ages 6--28 Months Compared To Dietary Reference Intakes, Kara L. Turner

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Consuming the proper amounts of nutrients is important in each stage of life. Infants and toddlers especially need to consume the right amounts of nutrients for optimal growth and development. This study examined the nutrient intake and dietary variety of infants and toddlers ages 6--28 months enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. The data were collected from 87 participants in ten rural West Virginia counties. The two age groups analyzed were 6--11.9 months and 12--28 months.;Two multi-pass 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from caregivers of the child. These recalls were compared to the current …

Use Of A Token Economy To Increase Exercise In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Rebecca S. Bernard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cystic fibrosis is a chronic illness that affects several major organ systems, primarily the respiratory system and the exocrine glands of the pancreatic system. The treatment regimen is extensive (e.g., medications, vitamins, high fat diet, airway clearance sessions). Although adherence to medications is high, adherence to the airway clearance techniques (chest physiotherapy and exercise) is less consistent. Increasing exercise adherence is of utmost importance because pulmonary difficulties are associated with the highest mortality rate and exercise is more beneficial than other airway clearance methods. Despite this, very little research has focused on increasing exercise adherence in this population. The purpose …

Evaluation Of Time Out-Based Discipline Strategy To Manage Children's Noncompliance With Cystic Fibrosis Treatment, Catherine Bradford Mcclellan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a chronic, terminal illness that requires intensive, time-consuming, and sometimes painful treatment for optimal health and longevity. Given the complex and aversive nature of treatment, children with CF frequently develop avoidance behaviors resulting in noncompliance to parents' treatment requests. The purpose of this study was to use a single-subject reversal design to compare children's compliance with parents' typical strategies to children's compliance when a time out based discipline strategy is in effect. Participants were two children who displayed noncompliant behavior to their parent's treatment requests. Outcome measures included parent and child behaviors as assessed by an …

Assessment Of The Learning Styles Of Students At The Eastern Caribbean Institute Of Agriculture And Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad And Tobago And Identification Of Teaching Methods Used By Instructors, Cynthia Marie Burskey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

An issue in higher education is to create a learning environment that is both positive and effective. With teaching methods that take into account all the learning styles within the classroom, a teacher can make the atmosphere of the classroom more conducive to learning. This study sought to determine if the teachers at the Eastern Caribbean Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Centeno, Trinidad and Tobago (ECIAF) were using instructional methods that facilitated learning in their students. A two-phase study was utilized. Phase I used a descriptive survey to determine the learning styles of 36 first-year students at ECIAF. Phase II …

Maternal Diabetes And Perinatal Outcomes, Rachael E. Gainor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Diabetes is a serious problem in the nation and in the state of West Virginia (WV). Having diabetes during pregnancy has been associated with several negative perinatal outcomes. This study was done to test the hypothesis that women with diabetes would have more negative perinatal outcomes than those who do not. A secondary hypothesis was women with pre-gestational diabetes would have more negative perinatal outcomes than women with gestational diabetes.;Data were analyzed for the years 2001 and 2002 on all babies born to mothers enrolled in the West Virginia Medicaid program. Data for those two years were analyzed using three …

Factors Affecting Iron Status Among Infants Age 6--24 Months, Christopher Melonas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Iron deficiency has been shown to have a multitude of negative effects on the growing infant. The diet plays a key role in alleviating iron deficiency within a younger population. The objective of this study was to search out specific nutrients in the diet that have some affect on iron status in a population of infants age 6 to 24 months.;This was a cross-sectional study that included 57 rural infants who participated in the WIC program. Dietary intake data was collected by 2 multiple-pass 24-hour intakes done 3 to 4 days apart. Blood was collected by venipuncture and analyzed for …

Using The Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale As A Tool For Classroom Improvement, Brittany K. Lucci

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study's intent was to examine the use of the ECERS as a training tool for classroom improvement. Quality ratings for classrooms were measured using the two ECERS observations with a training session in between. The participants of this study were 15 Educare classrooms from a northern county in West Virginia.;An alpha level of .05 was used in all statistical analysis. The results of the one-tailed paired-sampled t-test of the ECERS displayed two significant findings. A second analysis resulted in additional significant findings, after removing a center from the study.;This was an important study for child care centers and directors. …

Nutrition Knowledge Of High School Athletes, Charis Mitchell

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to see where high school athletes are receiving their nutrition information and if they acquire proper nutrition knowledge. The athletes' sources of nutrition information, scores on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire, and the five groups of questions were analyzed by year in school, gender, and primary sports (top 6 primary sports for the questionnaire and 5 groups). 139 high school athletes completed a nutrition knowledge questionnaire. There was a statistical significance for teammates, gender, and primary sports. Thirty (21%) participants answered 19 questions or more correctly on the nutrition knowledge questionnaire. There was no statistical …

Emerging Trends: Community And Economic Development, 2004, Community Research Institute-Johnson Center

Research, Reports, and Publications

No abstract provided.

Sheep And Goats: Ecological Tools For The 21st Century, C. Kim Chapman, Chad Reid

All Current Publications

This publication explains the many benefits that sheep and goats can provide in today's society such as controlling noxious weeds, reducing incidences of wildfire, and improving rangeland.

Multiple Mentors And Family Involvement In Mentoring At-Risk Youth, Christine W. Woodbury

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined whether higher family involvement plus additional mentoring relationships had a greater positive effect than a one-on-one relationship with a mentor and low family involvement. The study demonstrated, in this sample, that having two mentors does not have a greater impact on academic motivation, social competency, family unity, self-esteem, and deviance than having one mentor. It was also shown, in this sample, that higher family involvement does not have a greater impact on academic motivation, social competency, family unity, self-esteem, and deviance than lower family involvement. Although additional studies are needed to fully understand the impacts of mentoring …

Influence Of Fall Grazing By Sheep On Plant Productivity, Shrub Age Class Structure And Herbaceous Species Diversity In Sagebrush Steppe, Ryan Duncan Woodland

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Traditional chemical and mechanical treatments of Wyoming Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) are costly and have typically focused solely on increasing forage for livestock production. Managing these systems biologically with grazing can potentially reduce costs and increase both biodiversity and understory production as well as rejuvenate Wyoming Big Sagebrush (ARTRWY). This experiment was conducted on Deseret Land and Livestock Ranch in northern Utah in October 2003. One hundred and twenty sheep (dry ewes) grazed 3, 60m x 40m plots (40 sheep plot^-1). Sheep were provided a protein-energy supplement to facilitate use of the secondary metabolites …

Adult Attachment Styles And Their Correlation With Marital Adjustment And Divorce, Cheryl Jones

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The theory of attachment is a fairly recent approach to studying the relationship between romantic partners. Attachment theory was originally studied to explain the needs and behaviors between infants and their primary caregivers. The attachment style that infants have with their primary caregiver characterizes them throughout their entire lives. Three different styles of attachment have been described: secure, avoidant, and ambivalent. Secure individuals find it easy to get close to others. Avoidant individuals are nervous when people get too close. Ambivalent individuals want to get very close to others and are fearful of abandonment.

Various research studies suggest that attachment …

Magnesium Intake And Its Relationship With Type 2 Diabetes, Caralee Wilcock

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal and is the second most abundant cation in the human body. Magnesium plays important roles in the structure and the function of the human body; it is involved in more than 300 essential metabolic reactions in the body. Magnesium has been implicated in the prevention and treatment of many diseases including diabetes. Magnesium depletion is commonly associated with both insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetes. A significant number, (between 25% and 39%) of diabetics have been shown to have decreased serum levels of magnesium. There are many possible reasons and mechanisms for this. Diabetics …

Women In International Development Theory, Policy And Progress, Melina Tew

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The Platform for Action of the Fourth World Conference on Women (1995) states: "Equality between women and men is a matter of human rights and a condition for social justice and is also a necessary and fundamental prerequisite for equality, development and peace." As this statement suggests, women are indispensable to any program in the developing world desiring sustainable, effective development. Despite efforts to thwart gender inequality, more women than men still live below the poverty line, and there is a global gender gap in levels of education and access to resources. In response to these conditions, the UN Population …

Snow Avalanche Disturbance In Intermountain Spruce-Fir Forests And Implications For The Spruce Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Elizabeth G. Herbertson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Spruce beetle outbreaks are the primary biotic disturbance affecting forests in the Intermountain spruce-fir zone. Major snow avalanches can produce large quantities of host material for spruce beetle colonization; however, few studies have examined the influence of avalanche disturbance on outbreak initiation. The purpose of my research was to investigate potential relationships between these two disturbance agents. In the first study, I used dendro-ecological analyses to date major avalanche years on the Wasatch Plateau in south-central Utah, and then determined what climate factors were associated with avalanche occurrence. The results indicated that mean January snowfall was significantly related to the …

Methods For Detection Of Salmonella Spp., Parichaya Attaphongse

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Worldwide concern about food safety and associated health costs is increasing, and Salmonella contamination of foods is one of the most important causes of foodborne disease outbreaks. Although conventional detection methods for Salmonella offer high sensitivity and low cost, they require many different steps and are very time consuming. Ideally, methods to detect Salmonella in foods should be rapid, provide high specificity and sensitivity, be cost-effective, and low labor-intensive. Many rapid tests have been developed to address these goals, including DNA-based tests such as nucleic acid hybridization and PCR, immunoassay-based tests such as ELISA, ELF A and immunomagnetic method, and …

Influence Of Sodium Chloride, Calcium, Moisture, And Ph On The Structure And Functionality Of Nonfat Directly Acidified Mozzarella Cheese, Brian M. Paulson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Experiment A explored the influence of sodium on direct acid, nonfat Mozzarella cheese. Cheeses with differing salt levels were obtained by varying dry salt applications (none, 0.5%, and 1.0% NaCl w/w) and hot brine stretching (0%, 5%, and 10% NaCl wt/v). Salt application and salt content influenced cheese moisture, meltability, expressible serum, micro- and ultra-structure, and color. Moisture was highest when cheese was salted before stretching (P = 0.03). Melt was lowest in cheeses that were unsalted (P = 0.05). Cheeses stretched in salt brine had < 1% of the amount of expressible serum found in unsalted cheese (P < 0.0001). Unsalted cheeses had a more open structure with pockets of serum distributed throughout the protein matrix giving it an opaque, white appearance. Salted cheeses had a more homogeneous protein matrix lacking light scattering surfaces, resulting in a translucent cheese. Neither salt concentration nor method of salting affected the calcium content of the cheeses (P > 0.05).

Experiment B explored the influence of calcium, moisture, and …

Investigation Of The Effect Of Sulfitolysis On The Functional Properties And Extrusion Performance Of Whey Protein Concentrate, David P. Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Whey proteins have restricted use in many food applications because of limited functional properties. Whey proteins' relatively high content of disulfide bonds may be responsible for their lack of functionality, especially in extrusion applications.

To determine the effect of disulfide bond content on functional properties and extrudate performance, whey protein concentrate was treated with sodium sulfite to achieve four levels of disulfide bond sulfonation (0, 31, 54, and 71%). Sulfonated whey protein functional properties, extrusion-expanded snack properties (32% total protein), and extrusion-textured fibrous product properties (48% protein) were determined. Correlation analysis was performed to determine relationships between functional properties and …

Prevention Of Pigment Deterioration And Lipid Oxidation In Ground Beef And Pork, Preetha Jayasingh

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Fresh beef was modified-atmosphere packaged in carbon monoxide or oxygen to prolong red surface color. After comparison of several packaging method using carbon monoxide, steaks pretreated with 5% carbon monoxide for 24 hours and then vacuum packaged had the best combination of color and microbial stability (5 weeks), with the least potential for carbon monoxide inhalation.

In the evaluation of ground beef in high-oxygen, modified-atmosphere-packaging, thiobarbituric-acid numbers increased over time, and the flavor was disliked slightly after 6 or 10 days of storage at 2° Celsius.

The antioxidant effect of milk-mineral was tested in raw and cooked ground pork stored …

Rapid Detection Of Salmonella Without Enrichment, Emily J. Harrington

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Salmonella is one of the leading foodborne pathogens causing illness today. Because of this, Salmonella rapid detection methods are under immense study for use in food. The traditional method, using the Food and Drug Administration- approved Bacterial Analytical Manual procedure, takes 4-6 days for Salmonella detection in food. Other rapid methods still take at least 16 h for detection due to their enrichment steps.

The hypothesis of this study was that the use of immobilized antibodies coupled with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used for the rapid capture and detection of Salmonella spp. in food without the need for …

Development And Characterization Of Eukaryotic Biomimetic Liposomes, Bradley Jay Taylor

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study developed and characterized phospholipid vesicles, or liposomes, that mimic cell surfaces. Microemulsified liposomes contained biotinylated phosphatidylethanolamine, allowing them to be immobilized to avidin-coated glass. Laminin (LN), glycosphingolipids (GMl and GM3), and Escherichia coli's mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (EcoMscL) were embedded into liposome membranes. It was determined whether these embedded molecules exhibited their physiological roles of adhesion, cell recognition, and mechanosensation, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was employed to examine the interaction of fluorescently probed proteins, toxins, and bacteria with the immobilized microemulsified liposomes. Capture of individual and simultaneous multiple species of bacteria by GMl, GM3, …

Comparative Effects Of Sodium Levulinate And Sodium Lactate On Microbial Growth, Color, And Thiobarbituric Acid (Tba) Values Of Fresh Pork And Turkey Sausages During Storage, Mihir N. Vasavada

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study compared the effects of 1.4 or 2.7% sodium levulinate or sodium lactate on aerobic plate count (APC), color, pH, and TBA value of fresh pork and turkey sausage. Both sodium lactate and levulinate inhibited growth of aerobic microorganisms during storage, compared to controls. Bacteriostatic effects of sodium lactate were dose dependent, wherein 2.7% lactate was significantly more antimicrobial than 1.4% lactate. This was not the case for sodium levulinate, where 1.4% sodium levulinate was as inhibitory to microbial growth as 2.7% sodium levulinate. Additionally, 1.4% sodium levulinate was as inhibitory to microbial growth as the higher level (2.7%) …

Cultivation Of Mushroom Mycelia Using Whey Products As A Growth Substrate, Boyd S. Inglet

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

As part of a project designed to utilize common dairy waste products profitably, reconstituted dry whey permeate and delactosed whey were tested as growth substrates for mycelia of the edible mushroom Lentinus edodes. This mushroom was chosen because it is possible to profitably cultivate it due to its popular culinary appeal and perceived medical benefits.

Growth experiments were performed in petri dishes containing either reconstituted dry whey permeate or delactosed whey as a growth substrate, and the measured response was the size of the growing mycelia colony. When reconstituted dry whey permeate was utilized as a growth substrate, the …

Casein Supramolecules: Structure And Coagulation Properties, Bonney S. Oommen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The changes in quaternary structure of casein supramolecules with various physical and chemical treatments were studied using transmission electron microscopy, and a model to account for the changes is put forth. The effects of casein structure on coagulation properties were also studied. The sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy involved physical methods of fixation and flash freeing to preserve the structure of caseins in the sample.

The structure of caseins in sodium and calcium caseinate varied with sodium caseinate not exhibiting any spherical structure as opposed to the spherical structure seen in calcium caseinate, non-fat dried milk and native milk. …

Voluntary And Involuntary Weight Change And Risk Of Osteoporotic Hip Fracture In Men And Women Of Utah, Megan Ruth Mcdonough

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Change in body weight is an important determinant of risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in aging adults. Weight loss has been associated with an increased risk of hip fracture and weight gain has been associated with a decreased risk of hip fracture. Weight gain cannot be recommended as appropriate prevention against hip fracture, however, because it is associated with such adverse health outcomes as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and weight loss is commonly recommended in the treatment of these types of diseases. Clarification of how weight loss is related to risk of hip fracture is needed to resolve this issue. …

Nutrition And Bone Density In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Joanna K. Davidson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of these studies was to further research on bone density in children with cystic fibrosis, particularly as it pertains to nutritional parameters and care. The first paper presented a comparison of a group of 50 children with cystic fibrosis to a group of 32 control children. There were no significant differences between the groups in any of the pertinent bone density measurements. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D was positively correlated with spine density z score in the cystic fibrosis group.

The second paper, incorporating all of the information obtained from the first paper, describes an intervention study with the …