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2004

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Design How-To-Know: Towards A Domain-Specific Ontology., Frances Joseph Nov 2004

Design How-To-Know: Towards A Domain-Specific Ontology., Frances Joseph

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The title of this paper implies a repositioning of the notion of ‘design know how’ as tacit knowledge developed through practical experience into a questioning of the identity and being of design. This is not to valorise one form of knowing (through practice) over another (through cognition), but to imply a certain fuzziness about the definition, purpose and meaning of design. While this paper addresses issues of design, ontology and computation in relation to certain philosophical and theoretical positions, it is important to emphasise that my engagement comes from a practical involvement and concern with ‘design problems’ arising from the …

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Translating And Extending Gestalt Grouping Principles To Include Time To Establish A Research Framework In Which To Study Motion., Jinsook Kim, Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl Nov 2004

Translating And Extending Gestalt Grouping Principles To Include Time To Establish A Research Framework In Which To Study Motion., Jinsook Kim, Sharon Helmer Poggenpohl

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper introduces the grouping principles of Gestalt in motion. The motion attributes of speed, direction and duration are embedded in two events: transformation, meaning the act of changing in appearance, and transposition, meaning the act of moving position in space. In extending Gestalt principles from 2D, the following investigations will be visually demonstrated. 1 What is “closeness” in time that can explain proximity in motion? 2 What is “likeness” in time that can explain similarity in motion? 3 What is “absence but presence” in time that can explain closure in motion? 4 What is “correspondence” in time that can …

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Colour Emotions For Real Objects., Li-Chen Ou, Ming Ronnier Luo, Andrée Woodcock Nov 2004

Colour Emotions For Real Objects., Li-Chen Ou, Ming Ronnier Luo, Andrée Woodcock

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Colour patches have been widely used by designers in developing colour schemes and sometimes by customers in colour selection. It is important to clarify whether colour patches show the same emotional effect as those by real objects. In our previous study, several colour science based colour-emotion models were developed for colour patches. To see whether these models can be applied to real objects, a psychophysical experiment was carried out in a real-sized room where the following four items were presented: coloured vases, coloured walls, tablecloth, and carpet. The experiment was divided into ten sessions and the walls were painted ten …

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Power To The People: Electricity And Domestic Design., Kathleen Connellan, Jim Moss Nov 2004

Power To The People: Electricity And Domestic Design., Kathleen Connellan, Jim Moss

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper will tease out a number of tensions including domestic product design and designed domesticity, particularly within the post World War 2 emphasis of embracing electricity into the home with all of its concomitant ‘labour saving’ devices. Pre –Apartheid South Africa will be used as a context for a domestic engagement of a different kind – one in which black African maids in a starched white aprons and headscarfs worked silently as the best of white goods were promoted as doing. This situation flew in the face of emerging modernist tendencies. It created the unresolved tension between the white …

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Relearning Typography: Introducing A Cross-Disciplinary Typographic Framework., Joyce S R Yee Nov 2004

Relearning Typography: Introducing A Cross-Disciplinary Typographic Framework., Joyce S R Yee

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Current theory and vocabulary used to describe typographic practice and scholarship are based on a historically print-derived framework. As yet, no new paradigm has emerged to address the divergent path that screen-based typography is taking from its traditional print medium. Screen-based typography is becoming as common and widely used as its print counterpart. It is now timely to re-evaluate current typographic references and practices under these environments, which introduces a new visual language and form. This paper describes a study that utilises a combination of empirical methods and action research projects to form a new conceptual framework for the understanding …

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What Is The Future Of Interactive Multi-User Systems?, Mark Palmer Nov 2004

What Is The Future Of Interactive Multi-User Systems?, Mark Palmer

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The research objective concerns the creation of genuine multi-user systems. This work arises from the creation of immersive systems and the philosophical critique of the assumptions made by discourses that seek to understand the digital. Although in philosophical terms this has focused on an immanent rather than transcendent ontology it is also possible to understand this approach through the ‘discoveries’ of complexity theory; concepts through which research can develop practical strategies that can be employed in the creation of these systems.

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A Method For Analysing User Experiences In A Place From Early Phase Of Design Process Employing Skit Acting, Personal View Records, And Mobile Eye-Tracking Technology., Kimitake Hasuike, Eriko Tamaru, Tsutomu Ohyama, Yoshitsugu Hirose Nov 2004

A Method For Analysing User Experiences In A Place From Early Phase Of Design Process Employing Skit Acting, Personal View Records, And Mobile Eye-Tracking Technology., Kimitake Hasuike, Eriko Tamaru, Tsutomu Ohyama, Yoshitsugu Hirose

DRS Biennial Conference Series

People use various resources in their workplaces in order to organize their practical activities. These activities and the usage of artifacts in the workplace depend on the particular context. Therefore, in the design of a new system, designers should consider the broad range of activities that could exist in the target workplace, and the experiences of potential users. A user's experiences are shaped via interaction between users, artifacts, information, and environment, in a sphere of interaction along user's activity at the place. To make the user's experiences better, designers have to capture the real activities and feelings of the user, …

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Articulating Knowledge From The Vikings To The Digital Age: Designing Digital Artifacts In Research., Dagny Stuedahl, Andrew Morrison, Ole Smørdal Nov 2004

Articulating Knowledge From The Vikings To The Digital Age: Designing Digital Artifacts In Research., Dagny Stuedahl, Andrew Morrison, Ole Smørdal

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper discusses the design approach for participatory design of digital systems and routines for qualitative, cultural-historical research and reconstruction of a Viking boat. The digital system involves recording, digitalizing, editing, categorizing and archiving audio-visual empirical material.The design work involves adaption of heterogeneous technologies to help the researcher in his methodological and analytical work. Concepts on negotiaton from actor-network theory and on activities are used to suggest theoretical approach for participatory design of heterogeneous systems in research.

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Choreographing Augmented Spaces, Andrew Morrison, Ole Smørdal Nov 2004

Choreographing Augmented Spaces, Andrew Morrison, Ole Smørdal

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency, Bolter and Gromala (2003) argue that every digital artifact shifts between being transparent and reflective. Discussing the potential of the interfaces of electronic arts for wider digital design practices and theories, these writers argue that we need to look both through and at the interface. The paper argues that in the domain of electronic arts the development of augmented expressive spaces needs further discussion on the place of mixed media types and expressive forms. We aim to explore how augmented spaces may be seen as extending beyond …

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'Flashback': Tracing Developments From Electronic Paper To Dynamic Environments In The Software Flash., Synne Skjulstad Nov 2004

'Flashback': Tracing Developments From Electronic Paper To Dynamic Environments In The Software Flash., Synne Skjulstad

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper will argue that a shift has taken place on the World Wide Web from a mode of written electronic documents to dynamic interfaces – that is structurally, metaphorically and aesthetically. I emphasize the role of the software Macromedia Flash in the emergence of contemporary web interface design, and how designs made in this software may be seen to challenge established notions of the web ‘page’. In presenting a ‘flashback’ into the use of Flash in late 1990s web design, this paper presents a compressed retrospective of some developments of website interface design from early use of the software …

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Relating Social Contextual Knowledge To Graphic Designers' Practice., Stan Mauger Nov 2004

Relating Social Contextual Knowledge To Graphic Designers' Practice., Stan Mauger

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Graphic design is a conceptual activity that draws heavily on acquired design knowledge through practice. The role that designers place on knowledge of social contexts in their conceptual processes is highly variable and often unrecognised or undervalued by them in their practice. The ethnographic study upon which this paper is based used case studies to investigate this question. It considered the relative importance that a number of New Zealand graphic designers placed on bringing contextual knowledge into their practice. Graphic designers in the study had varying experience and worked in different types of firms and areas of the graphic design …

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Meeting Pluralist Demands With A Pluralist Response. The Omnium Project: Offering An Online Collaborative Design Response To An Increasingly Diversified, Interconnected And Pluralist World., Rick Bennett, Emma Dunphy Nov 2004

Meeting Pluralist Demands With A Pluralist Response. The Omnium Project: Offering An Online Collaborative Design Response To An Increasingly Diversified, Interconnected And Pluralist World., Rick Bennett, Emma Dunphy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper examines the current relationship between contemporary design education and design practice within a constant state of multi-faceted change. It discusses changing demands for design education and practice, from a more global society. Within ‘a world of increased interconnectivity and multiplicity in ideas, cultures and practices’ (Warwicker 1999), it observes strategies suggested by theorists, educators and practitioners to accommodate social change within the two contexts. By seeking and describing the opinions of 549 Australian design students on the implementation of suggested strategies to accommodate change, the paper proceeds to describe an example of one online design education initiative that …

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New Models For Design Management In The Textile Industry In Response To Direct Digital Textile Print Technology And Manufacture., Bruce Carnie Nov 2004

New Models For Design Management In The Textile Industry In Response To Direct Digital Textile Print Technology And Manufacture., Bruce Carnie

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is based on initial research including a literature review of the management of digital printing processes and technology in the paper and textile industries. For the purposes of this paper I will use the scope of thought evolved from the Design Management Institute in Boston USA. Continuing research will be augmented by quantitative data analysis and comparative analysis of case studies and also research of the philosophical underpinning of these business ventures. This paper is an introduction to the argument for a systematic approach to the impact of direct digital printing processes and technology on textile design using …

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Deriving User Requirements From Face-To-Face And On-Line Focus Groups., Lai-Chung Lee, Andrée Woodcock Nov 2004

Deriving User Requirements From Face-To-Face And On-Line Focus Groups., Lai-Chung Lee, Andrée Woodcock

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Lacking user-related data in concept design, and not being experienced in the principles of user-centred design, design students find themselves having to predict or imagine user requirements when generating concepts. Computer mediated focus groups between dispersed participants and designers may be a cost effective way for designers to capture user requirements in distant markets. However, little is known about how the on-line focus groups compare to their face-to- face counterparts in terms of the elicitation of user requirements and design related discussion. This paper describes focus group techniques designed to achieve understanding, identification and categorization of user requirements in concept …

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A Compare Study On The Construction Principles Of Chinese Characters And The Product Semantics., Ya-Chen Kuo, Dengchuan Cai Nov 2004

A Compare Study On The Construction Principles Of Chinese Characters And The Product Semantics., Ya-Chen Kuo, Dengchuan Cai

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Both product semantics and construction principles of Chinese characters are techniques using for form creating. Product semantics was used for interpreting product meanings by product designers and was prospered since 1980s. The construction principles of Chinese characters were a set of methods for creating Chinese characters which were generalized by Xushen around 100 AD. Product semantics includes five principles: metaphor, simile, metonymy, allegory, and analogy, while the construction principles of Chinese characters are: physical resemblance principle (Xiang-Xing), indication principle (Zhi-Shi), implication principle (Hui-Yi), principle in combination with shape and pronunciation (Xing- Sheng), principle in combination analogy principle (Zhuan-Zhu), and substitute …

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A Study Of E-Book Design In Ergonomics Consideration., Yen-Yu Kang, Ming-How Kuo, Wen-Ko Chiou, Rungtai Lin Nov 2004

A Study Of E-Book Design In Ergonomics Consideration., Yen-Yu Kang, Ming-How Kuo, Wen-Ko Chiou, Rungtai Lin

DRS Biennial Conference Series

E” life, a new trend to influence people’s dairy-life since internet explored. No product or concept can be successful if it ignores the needs of its users and E-book are no exception. However, there has been a noticeable lack of real information about how ebooks are used. So, the objective of this study is established a series of surveys in an effort to help readers in using E-book. The overall aim of this project focus on the E-book of the future. With the changing of the trends, it stems from the fact that with the changing of the trends, the …

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Making The Invisible Visible., Patrick Mcquade Nov 2004

Making The Invisible Visible., Patrick Mcquade

DRS Biennial Conference Series

On the surface, the digital image is virtually indistinguishable from the film-based photographic image, but the underlying structure of the digital image is vastly different. The technology and processes employed to produce the digital image file is precisely what makes it unique, and will ultimately determine the future development of new visual aesthetics for this medium. Yet, at present, these aspects of technology and process are not apparent in the visual manifestation of the digital image. This paper argues that by acknowledging the unique process and technology of digital imaging, in other words making the invisible visible, is a logical …

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Determination Of Presence Within Virtual Space: Implications For Interface Design., Rebecca Bond Nov 2004

Determination Of Presence Within Virtual Space: Implications For Interface Design., Rebecca Bond

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper proposes that measuring and mapping perceptions of ‘presence’ (or, the experience of ‘place’ in ‘space’) may lead to a greater understanding of virtual or ‘cyber’ space experiences, and contribute to the theory of human computer interaction (HCI) and design theory. As the experimental design is focussed on how users perceive and interact in their virtual world in relation to the effect of place and space, an attempt will be made to decipher perceptions of the relatively new frontier of cyberspace, leading to new methods for representing this form of space.

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Reactive Colours - Motivating Shared Experience Of The First Reactions Of Children On The Autism Spectrum To Computers: Human Diversity And The Case For Open Participative Systems Of Design., Derek Freeman, Wendy Keay-Bright Nov 2004

Reactive Colours - Motivating Shared Experience Of The First Reactions Of Children On The Autism Spectrum To Computers: Human Diversity And The Case For Open Participative Systems Of Design., Derek Freeman, Wendy Keay-Bright

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Reactive Colours© is a network based open development soft-ware programme to introduce children on the autistic spectrum to computing and aims to demonstrate the provision of an interface through which communication, through play, can occur more easily than is usual with autistic children. The chief intended benefits, building on the work of Dinah Murray and Mike Lesser, are therapeutic. These arise from an interface design, which focuses on, and deliberately emphasises, certain characteristics of computing that are of potential significance to people on the autism spectrum. Characteristics that provide users with a comfortable context-free, predictable environment, where autistic and non …

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Designing For Experiential And 'Aspirational' Needs: Observations Of Student Design Activity., Jonathan Talbot, Stephen Ward Nov 2004

Designing For Experiential And 'Aspirational' Needs: Observations Of Student Design Activity., Jonathan Talbot, Stephen Ward

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The work reported in this paper investigates the application, within the industrial design education context, of methods of inquiry and design problem-framing derived from social research disciplines. The notion of developing more holistic approaches to human factors in design which incorporate affective and socio-cultural needs has gained some currency in recent years. Developments in this area have resulted in the proposal of a range of tools and methods such as Jordan’s (2000) ‘New Human Factors’ and Watts-Perotti and Sanders’ (2000) ‘Generative User Needs Analysis’. The issues addressed by these tools and methods are clearly not new to design. To a …

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Strange Manifestations Of Three-Dimensional Intelligence In The Digital Era., Martin John Richardson, Steven Brown Nov 2004

Strange Manifestations Of Three-Dimensional Intelligence In The Digital Era., Martin John Richardson, Steven Brown

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Digital holography is arguably the most advanced form of visual recording to date. But are holograms "mere" recordings of objective visual reality or creative artefacts capable of expression, interpretation and deception? The same question was asked of photography in the early 19th century. Dismissed originally by artists as a mechanical recording medium, it became in the hands of pioneers such as Bresson and Brandt a subtle artistic tool capable of the most delicate expression and artful deception. Skilfully selective framing of the image, manipulation of objects and lighting in the scene can transform the banal into the dramatic or reduce …

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The Influence Of Using Scenario For Idea Generation In Industrial Design, Hau-Rung Chu, Hung Zheng, Yu Ma, Chun-Di Chen Nov 2004

The Influence Of Using Scenario For Idea Generation In Industrial Design, Hau-Rung Chu, Hung Zheng, Yu Ma, Chun-Di Chen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

During the design development, the continuity of design reasoning to produce concepts might be blocked for some reasons. Therefore, designers employ a few methods to facilitate the production of design concepts. One of the methods for such a goal suggested in literature is “scenario method” (Chen, 2000). By giving examples to illustrate how to use the scenario method, many studies have highly confirmed the value of scenario method in enriching the production of design concepts. Arguably, the previous studies interesting in scenario method mainly re-confirm the usability of this method, but fail to provide information about how it is useful …

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Human-Centred Design Issues For Immersive Media Spaces., Toni Robertson, Tim Mansfield, Lian Loke Nov 2004

Human-Centred Design Issues For Immersive Media Spaces., Toni Robertson, Tim Mansfield, Lian Loke

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is about the design of BYSTANDER, an immersive environment composed of image sequences of still photographs, texts and sound. BYSTANDER is designed for a largish (minimum three by four metres), darkened gallery or museum space with eight channels of sound and four large projection screens configured as a four-walled room. It is the latest work in a suite of multimedia artworks ‘Life After Wartime’ created since 1999 by Ross Gibson and Kate Richards, assisted by a production team that has included a graphic designer, a composer and several programmers. This paper examines the role traditional human-centred design methods …

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Craft Histories, Textile Futures: Emotional Affectivity And Design Hybridity In Quilt Design., Catherine Harper Nov 2004

Craft Histories, Textile Futures: Emotional Affectivity And Design Hybridity In Quilt Design., Catherine Harper

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper discusses how innovative textile design materials, processes, products and technologies might develop in ‘textile design futures’ by taking note of the emotional affectivity of traditional craft methods and aesthetics. Specifically, North American 19th Century quilts are activated as models for new poetic hybrids in conceptual and functional textile design. Archival material, contemporary design practice, and my own textile designs will be used as examples to support my proposals.

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Websites And Values - Genres And Styles As Socio-Cultural Indicators., Ida Engholm, Karen Lisa Goldschmidt Salamon Nov 2004

Websites And Values - Genres And Styles As Socio-Cultural Indicators., Ida Engholm, Karen Lisa Goldschmidt Salamon

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Since the appearance of the world wide web during the early 1990s, the interface of the internet has undergone a radical metamorphosis. From being a primitive, text–based medium, it has become an advanced and complex hyper-media representing multiple forms of design. Initially, the web was mainly a playground for private experiments. However, as increasingly culturally sensitive companies and organisations entered the scene, it became more professionalized and a certain degree of standardisation took place. The development of webdesign converged into particular groups and genres based on similarity of content and style and structured according to cultural taxonomies created by professionals …

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Designing Time: A Laboratory For Time Based Design., Birger Sevaldson Nov 2004

Designing Time: A Laboratory For Time Based Design., Birger Sevaldson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designing Time is an experimental design studio at the Oslo School of Architecture, where the students are engaged in time based issues. The studio serves as a laboratory to invent, develop and test strategies and techniques relevant to time based design. Working with time helps students to develop the ability to investigate relations and systems and to understand these through time based analyses and abstraction. Working with time starts from observations of real life phenomena The observations ultimately lead to discovery of opportunities for interventions and in some cases innovation. The essay goes through several concepts and cases of time …

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The Utility Of Design Vision: The Crisis Of The Artificial., Mark Roxburgh Nov 2004

The Utility Of Design Vision: The Crisis Of The Artificial., Mark Roxburgh

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This research explores the effect on visual communication design of the differences between what is observed (seen), how that is recorded (documented) and what is subsequently projected to viewers (designed).

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Designers And Their Clients: An Anthropological View., Alun Price Nov 2004

Designers And Their Clients: An Anthropological View., Alun Price

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper will use examples from research in Australia and the United Kingdom to highlight the relationships between designers and clients. These relationships are sometimes difficult, balancing the needs of both parties can pose challenges for all involved. For example creative freedom can be constrained by financial considerations. For the designer creative freedom can be the most important factor in a job, however for a client, coming in on budget and market effectiveness are more likely to be valued. Salaman mentions sources of intrinsic satisfaction for architects, in a survey of 51 practitioners 63.46% mentioned creativity of work and the …

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Conditions For Research Funding., Paul Van Der Lem Nov 2004

Conditions For Research Funding., Paul Van Der Lem

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper is based on published evidence of such funding of design research activities. It seeks to describe principles that have generated abilities to establish and increase streams of funding from governmental sources and the private sector with a stake in design research. Dipping into such streams of research funding, or creating them, is possible through mixing appropriate tactics and strategies of research approaches and methods. Ideas for such approaches are influenced by levels of realisation of the different needs of agents involved in creating worthwhile research. Prime movers for this process are of course the individuals concerned, but obtaining …

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A Matrix Of Material Representation., Hengfeng Zuo, Mark Jones, Tony Hope Nov 2004

A Matrix Of Material Representation., Hengfeng Zuo, Mark Jones, Tony Hope

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The sensory properties of materials such as colour, texture, sound, smell, etc and people’s perceptual responses to them are very important information for designers to consider when selecting or combining materials for a manufactured product. Based on theoretical, experimental and computer programming methods, this research has established a framework of a database referred to as ‘Matrix of Material Representation’. The Matrix is a visual narrative model that systematically contains the holistic information about the factors involved in the human perception of materials and illustrates the interrelationship between these factors. Currently, the detailed information about material texture perception has been integrated …

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