Digital Commons Network^™

Vanishing Vaccinations: Why Are So Many Americans Opting Out Of Vaccinating Their Children?, Steve P. Calandrillo

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Vaccinations against life-threatening diseases are one of the greatest public health achievements in history. Literally millions of premature deaths have been prevented, and countless more children have been saved from disfiguring illness. While vaccinations carry unavoidable risks, the medical, social and economic benefits they confer have led all fifty states to enact compulsory childhood vaccination laws to stop the spread of preventable diseases. Today, however, vaccines are becoming a victim of their success-many individuals have never witnessed the debilitating diseases that vaccines protect against, allowing complacency toward immunization requirements to build. Antivaccination sentiment is growing fast in the United States, …

Health Of The People: The Highest Law?, Lawrence O. Gostin

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Law and ethics in population health are undergoing a renaissance. Once fashionable during the Industrial and Progressive eras, the ideals of population health began to wither with the rise of liberalism in the late twentieth century. In their place came a sharpened focus on personal and economic freedom. Political attention shifted from population health to individual health and from public health to private medicine.

The field of public health law and ethics needs a theory and definition (what is public health law and ethics and what are its doctrinal boundaries?); a well-articulated vision (why should health be a salient public …

The Efficacy Of Palivizumab Prophylaxis On Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization, Elizabeth A. Ankeny

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The European Convention On Human Rights And Counter-Terrorism, John Hedigan

Fordham International Law Journal

No part of the world has more experience with terrorism than Europe. The response of the Council of Europe through the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights to its experience of terrorism may therefore assist in the ongoing battle against terrorism. The European Convention reflects in many ways libertarian political and cultural values shared with the United States. Its interpretation by the Court in the light of counter-terrorist measures by concerned governments may therefore have some relevance in the United States.

Vol. 33, No. 1: Full Issue, Denver Journal Of International Law & Policy

Denver Journal of International Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Decision Tools Manual Humanitarian Mine Action Projects, Cisr

Global CWD Repository

In 2003, the United States Department of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs/Weapons Removal and Abatement, (PM/WRA) tasked the James Madison University Mine Action Information Center (MAIC) with producing a cost-benefit analysis of two demining programs to be used to develop a model to analyze the quantitative impacts, expected results, and suggested prioritization of mine clearance activities. Prioritization was to be accomplished within the context of socio-economic development programs. Lessons learned from UN guidance, earlier studies, experts in the mine action community, and field studies influenced the development of the decision tool for prioritization of humanitarian mine action projects.

The MAIC …

The Rectangular Strategy For Growth, Employment, Equity And Efficiency In Cambodia, Kingdom Of Cambodia

Global CWD Repository

This strategy specifically links mine clearance to land reform.

Annual Report On Research Activities 2003-2004, Lingnan University (Hong Kong, China)

Annual Report on Research Activities to Research Grants Council

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Women's Experiences Of Living With Hiv/Aids In Rural Areas, Joyce Tinanani Mphande-Finn

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Experimental Analysis On Chemical Dehumidification Of Air And Desiccant Regeneration With H2o/Licl Solution, Giovanni A. Longo, Andrea Gasparella

International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference

No abstract provided.

Histamine As An Aid To Biopsy Of Third Eyelid Lymphoid Tissue In Sheep, S. Bender, J. Alverson, L. M. Herrmann, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

TRANSMISSIBLE spongiform encephalopathies, of which ovine scrapie is a prototype, are neurodegenerative disorders characterised by the accumulation of an abnormal isoform (PrP-scrapie or PrP^Sc) of a normal cellular protein (PrP^C) (Prusiner 1982). Characteristics of the disease include long incubation periods, and a progressive and chronic clinical course resulting in death (Fraser 1976). PrP^sc is detectable during the preclinical stages of scrapie in peripheral lymph nodes (Ikegami and others 1991, Muramatsu and others 1993), in lymphoid follicles of the tonsils (Schreuder and others 1996) and in lymphoid follicles of the nictitating membrane or third eyelid (O'Rourke …

A Survey Of Antibiotic Resistance Among Coliform Bacteria Isolated From The Missouri River, Sara E. Mcdonnell, Amy M. Treonis

Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies

The prevalence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms in the environment is not well known but could represent a challenge to maintaining public health in the future. Fecal waste from livestock facilities, where antibiotics are routinely used, is recognized as a significant source of pollution to surface waters in the United States. We collected water from the Missouri River across a winter to spring seasonal change in order to survey the density of coliform bacteria. We tested bacterial isolates for resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. Coliform density in Missouri River water generally was high throughout the study (0-405 cfu …

Evaluation Of The Hayes E. Willis Health Center In South Richmond -- Has It Served Its Targeted Population?, Shannon Nicole Shaw

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The Hayes E. Willis Health Center (HWHC) was opened in a neighborhood of South Richmond in October 1993 to remove the barriers that prevented South Richmond residents from accessing primary healthcare services. The major objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the HWHC in providing primary care to the South Richmond Community deemed to be in need. An additional objective was to describe the changes in characteristics of clinic users and illnesses seen over time.Methods: Patient data was compared from the HWHC�s first full year of operation in which patient data was collected (1995) to the …

Health Care's "Thirty Years War": The Origins And Dissolution Of Managed Care, Edward P. Richards, Thomas R. Mclean

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Cd46-Mediated Transduction Of A Species D Adenovirus Vaccine Improves Mucosal Vaccine Efficacy, Zenaido T. Camacho, Mallory A. Turner, Michael A. Barry, Eric A. Weaver

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The high levels of preexisting immunity against Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) have deemed Ad5 unusable for translation as a human vaccine vector. Low seroprevalent alternative viral vectors may be less impacted by preexisting immunity, but they may also have significantly different phenotypes from that of Ad5. In this study we compare species D Ads (26, 28, and 48) to the species C Ad5. In vitro transduction studies show striking differences between the species C and D viruses. Most notably, Ad26 transduced human dendritic cells much more effectively than Ad5. In vivo imaging studies showed strikingly different transgene expression profiles. The …

Phylogenetic Analyses Of Texas Isolates Indicate An Evolving Subtype Of The Clade B Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses, Eric A. Weaver, Ellen W. Collisson, Margaret Slater, Guan Zhu

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Rigorous phylogenetic analyses were used to compare the nucleotide sequences of feline immunodeficiency virus strains isolated from Texas and throughout the world. The envelope V3-V4 sequences and capsid gene of the Texas isolates formed a cluster between subtypes B and E. Statistical comparisons with other published sequences confirmed that the Texas group is a unique cluster, possibly a new subtype, arising from subtype B.

Guidelines For Managing Lesser Prairie-Chicken Populations And Their Habitats, Christian A. Hagen, Brent E. Jamison, Kenneth M. Giesen, Terry Z. Riley

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus paidicinctus) populations have declined by >90% since the 1800s. These declines have concerned both biologists and private conservation groups and led to a petition to list the lesser prairie-chicken as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Most of the land in the current range of the lesser prairie-chicken is privately owned, and declines have been primarily attributed to anthropogenic factors. Conversion of native rangeland to cropland and excessive grazing have been implicated as leading causes in the species' decline. Periodic drought probably has exacerbated these problems. Little research on habitat requirements was conducted prior to …

The Southwestern Association Of Parasitologists: The First 35 Years: 1967–2002, Donald W. Duszynski

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

First two paragraphs:

It is likely that the idea to organize southwestern parasitologists into a regional group originated over cocktails one night in the late 1950s during a regional or national meeting. What is clear is that two men—Drs. Robert E. Kuntz and Donald V. Moore— were instrumental in turning the idea into what has become, in reality, the Southwestern Association of Parasitologists (SWAP). Dr. J. Teague Self (personal communication, 1981) stated, “The beginning of SWAP was an idea of Robert Kuntz who felt that something could be gained if several of us here in the southwest could get together …

Some Aspects Of The Biology And Life History Of Bothitrema Bothi (Monogenea: Bothitrematidae) From The Flounder Scophthalmus Aquosus (Bothidae) From New Jersey, Usa, Sherman S. Hendrix

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Bothitrema bothi (MacCallum, 1913), a monopisthocotylean monogenean (Bothitrematidae) found on gills and occasionally on the olfactory rosette within the nares of the bothid flounder, Scophthalmus aquosus (Mitchill, 1815), is distributed along the Atlantic coast of the USA from Woods Hole, Massachusetts to Delaware Bay. This study details aspects of the morphology, microecology and biology of the oncomiracidium, juvenile and adult. Adult worms occur almost exclusively between rakers on the first and second gill arches while juveniles occupy secondary gill filaments. Analysis of variance revealed significant arch, side and position effects. Worm attachment and position is maintained largely by suction generated …

Prevalence Of Hbv, Hcv, Hiv-1, 2 And Htlv-I/Ii Infections Among Blood Donors In A Teaching Hospital In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Malak M. El-Hazmi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Several infectious diseases are transmissible by blood transfusion, especially viral infections. The most common blood-transmitted viruses are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause fatal, chronic and life-threatening disorders. The prevalence of these viruses varies by nationality and geography. The purpose of this study was to establish the current prevalence of hepatitis viruses (B and C) and human retroviruses (HIV-1, 2 and human T-lymphotropic virus type I and II, HTLV-I /II) among blood donors at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: Serological markers of …

Candida Guilliermondii Fungemia. To Treat Or Not To Treat, Shabih Manzar, Shabih Manzar

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Cardicola Forsteri (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) From The Heart Of A Northern Bluefin Tuna, Thunnus Thynnus (Scombridae), In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Stephen A. Bullard, Robert J. Goldstein, Robert H. Goodwin Iii, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We report a specimen of Cardicola forsteri Cribb, Daintith, and Munday, 2000 (Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from the lumen of the heart of a northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scombridae), that was 218 cm in total length (TL) and caught in the northwest Atlantic Ocean 12 km south of Cape Lookout, North Carolina. The hearts of 12 similarly sized northern bluefin tuna (127–262 cm TL) from George’s Bank, northwest Atlantic Ocean, were not infected. This is the first report of C. forsteri from a wild host and of a sanguinicolid from any scombrid in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Bluefin tuna …

Defeating Diplostomoid Dangers In Usa Catfish Aquaculture, Robin M. Overstreet, Stephen S. Curran

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Diplostomoid digenean metacercariae have caused widescale mortalities of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), at aquaculture farms in Louisiana, Mississippi and Arkansas, USA. Originally, based on a tentative diagnosis, the industry considered the primary harmful agent to be an introduced species from Europe, Bolbophorus confusus (Krause, 1914), frequently reported from the American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin. Our group has now shown, using ITS 1-2 plus three more-conservative gene fragments, that two sympatric species of Bolbophorus exist in the American white pelican. One, B. damnificus Overstreet et Curran, 2002, infects the musculature of catfish, and the other, probably not B. confusus …

Paneak's Plants And Animals [In A Hungry Country: Appendix 1], Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A list of plants and animals recognized by Simon Paneak (1900-1975), a Nunamiut Eskimo. Names are given in English and Iñupiaq, and their scientific names are provided.

Dissecting The Loci Of Low-Level Quinine Resistance In Malaria Parasites, Michael T. Ferdig, Roland A. Cooper, Jianbing Mu, Bingbing Deng, Deirdre A. Joy, Xin-Zhuan Su, Thomas E. Wellems

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Quinine (QN) remains effective against Plasmodium falciparum, but its decreasing efficacy is documented from different continents. Multiple genes are likely to contribute to the evolution of QN resistance. To locate genes contributing to QN response variation, we have searched a P. falciparum genetic cross for quantitative trait loci (QTL). Results identify additive QTL in segments of chromosomes (Chrs) 13, 7 and 5, and pairwise effects from two additional loci of Chrs 9 and 6 that interact, respectively, with the QTL of Chrs 13 and 7. The mapped segments of Chrs 7 and 5 contain pfcrt, the determinant of …

Muscular Fitness And All-Cause Mortality: Prospective Observations, Shannon J. Fitzgerald, Carolyn E. Barlow, James B. Kampert, James R. Morrow Jr., Allen W. Jackson, Steven N. Blair

Faculty Publications

Background: The beneficial effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on mortality are well known; however, the relation of muscular fitness, specifically muscular strength and endurance, to mortality risk has not been thoroughly examined. The purpose of the current study is to determine if a dose-response relation exists between muscular fitness and mortality after controlling for factors such as age and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Methods: The study included 9105 men and women, 20-82 years of age, in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study who have completed at least one medical examination at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX between 1981 and 1989. The exam included …

Vectors, Polluters, And Murderers: Hiv Testing Policies Toward Prostitutes In Nevada, Cheryl L Radeloff

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This case study explores HIV testing policy and prostitution in Nevada. Three general themes emerge from analysis of Nevada's HIV/AIDS policy regarding prostitution. First, HIV testing policies reflect and reproduce hegemonic sexuality-specifically gender inequality, heterosexist orientation, and negative stereotypes of prostitutes. Second, Nevada's legalized prostitution industry makes visible the effects of economic dynamics, specifically tourism, on policies related to sexuality. Finally, the policymaking process depicts conflict between two approaches to regulation: the punitive control measures favored by law enforcement, and prevention and public health strategies favored by health bureaucracies. Testing prostitutes for HIV became the dominant policy response to an …

Cavities On The Cob: Dental Health And The Agricultural Transition In Sonora, Mexico, James Thomas Watson

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

This research uses a predictive model based on dental health to test the hypothesis that maize dependence gradually increased among human groups in the Sonoran Desert over the course of the Early Agricultural period (1500 B.C.--A.D. 200). The hypothesis is tested by recording a suite of ten dental observations that correlate with this fundamental change in subsistence on a sample of 246 prehistoric human skeletons dating to the Early Agricultural period recovered from La Playa (SON F:10:3), Sonora, Mexico. The sample is evenly distributed among demographic variables, burial treatments, and location within the site. Erosion of the burials, however, restricted …

Survival Of Enterococcal And Streptococcal Species In Natural Waters, Kameron L Entrekin

UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations

Survival capabilities of indicators of fecal pollution, such as enterococci, in the natural aquatic environment are of particular importance in proper management of a watershed. The Las Vegas Wash (LVW) is a naturally occurring and engineered tributary to Lake Mead; The ability of the Las Vegas Wash to sustain microbial viability over time was assessed utilizing ATCC cultures and environmentally isolated species. Wash water samples were autoclaved and seeded with known concentrations of enterococci. Microcosms were incubated at 25°C, and decline was measured by heterotrophic plate counts at specific time intervals. Results of survival studies using ATCC derived species showed …

Marijuana And Intentions To Use Condoms: Applying The Theory Of Planned Behavior., Albert D. Butts

All ETDs from UAB

No abstract provided.