Digital Commons Network^™

Resistance To Scrapie In Prp Arr/Arq Heterozygous Sheep Is Not Caused By Preferential Allelic Use, P. A. Caplazi, Katherine I. O'Rourke, T. V. Baszler

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Scrapie is a prion disease in sheep that, similar to Kuru or variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), requires both prion exposure and a genetic susceptibility. Susceptibility is defined by amino acid polymorphisms in the single copy prion protein (PrP) gene, Prnp. Specifically, in sheep homozygous for A at position 136 and R at position 154, susceptibility is defined by R or Q at position 171. The genotype ARQ/ARQ confers susceptibility, whereas (apart from a few reported exceptions) genotypes ARR/ARQ and ARR/ARR confer resistance. Similarly, a M/V polymorphism at Prnp codon 129 determines susceptibility to vCJD and Kuru,4 with partial resistance conferred …

Polymorphisms In The Prion Precursor Functional Gene But Not The Pseudogene Are Associated With Susceptibility To Chronic Wasting Disease In White-Tailed Deer, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Terry R. Spraker, Linda K. Hamburg, Thomas E. Besser, Kelly A. Brayton, Donald P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) status and PrP genotypes were determined for a group of 133 wild white-tailed deer in a 780 acre enclosure in western Nebraska, USA. Approximately half of the deer tested showed evidence of PrP^d in the brainstem or lymphoid tissues. Four PRNP alleles encoding amino acid substitutions were identified, with substitutions at residues 95 (Q→H), 96 (G→S) or 116 (A→G), each with serine (S) at residue 138. In addition, a processed pseudogene with two alleles encoding five or six copies of the octapeptide repeat was identified in 26% of the deer. Both alleles encoded asparagine (N) …

Transmission Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy To Raccoons (Procyon Lotor) By Intracerebral Inoculation, Amir N. Hamir, Janice M. Miller, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Jason C. Bartz, Mick J. Stack, Melanie J. Chaplin

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

To determine the transmissibility of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) agent to raccoons and to provide information about clinical course, lesions, and suitability of currently used diagnostic procedures for detection of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in raccoons, 4 raccoon kits were inoculated intracerebrally with a brain suspension from mink experimentally infected with TME. One uninoculated raccoon kit served as a control. All 4 animals in the TME-inoculated group showed clinical signs of neurologic disorder and were euthanized between 21 and 23 weeks postinoculation (PI). Necropsy examinations revealed no gross lesions. Spongiform encephalopathy was observed by light microscopy, and the presence of …

Variable Patterns Of Distribution Of Prpcwd In The Obex And Cranial Lymphoid Tissues Of Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus Elaphus Nelsoni) With Subclinical Chronic Wasting Disease, T. R. Spraker, A. Balachandran, D. Zhuang, Katherine I. O'Rourke

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Sections of medulla oblongata. taken at the level of the obex, palatine tonsil and medial retropharyngeal lymph node from 10,269 captive Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), were examined by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody for the prion protein associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, chronic wasting disease (PrP^CWD). The protein was detected in 226 of them. On the basis of the anatomical location of the deposits in the brainstem of 183 elk, four distinct patterns of distribution of PrP^CWD within the parasympathetic region of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve …

Challenges For Reducing Inequities In Health And Healthcare For The 21st Century, Osman Galal, Roberto De Vogli

International Journal of Global Health and Health Disparities

Human life expectancy during the time of the Roman Empire was approximately 28 years. In 1990, global life expectancy had increased to 65 years. The advances in life expectancy in the 20th century were remarkable by any standard. Although many factors contributed to this enhanced life expectancy, including medical technologies, by far the largest proportion of the increase occurred as a consequence of economic growth, rising living standards and nutrition. Despite the large improvements in terms of life expectancy, significant health variations still remain between countries and across different socioeconomic classes with in countries. As the 20th century proceeded, a …

Humanistic Mathematics: Personal Evaluation And Excavations, Stephen I. Brown

Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal

No abstract provided.

Suffolk Journal, Vol. 65, No. 9, 11/17/2004, Suffolk Journal

Suffolk Journal

No abstract provided.

2004 Celebration Of Inquiry Program, Coastal Carolina University

Celebration of Inquiry

3rd Celebration of Inquiry, February 11-13, 2004. Theme: Seeing the World Anew

2004 Stethoscope, University Of Health Sciences College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Yearbooks (1927-2005)

Annual publication of the University of Health Sciences College of Osteopathic Medicine.

Print copy located in the Special Collections room in the D'Angelo Library.

A Method Based On Conserved Multiple Amino Acid Properties To Predict Amino Acid Substitutions Which Maintain The Protein Structure, Avinash M. Baktula

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

A METHOD BASED ON CONSERVED MULTIPLE AMINO ACID PROPERTIES TO PREDICT AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS WHICH MAINTAIN THE PROTEIN STRUCTURE Avinash M. Baktula September 16, 2004 1-117 Directed by: Claire A. Rinehart, Doug McElroy and Sigrid Jacobshagen Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Proteins often contain several domains, each with a distinct structure. Such domains have evolved as units that, when combined in various arrangements, produce proteins of unique structure. This study was conducted to identify amino acid substitutions that don’t change structure. Amino acid properties which were conserved in proteins with identical structures were used to predict a set of …

Population Briefs, Vol. 10, No. 1, Population Council

Population Briefs

IN THIS ISSUE: Carraguard™ may block HIV by adhering to cells | Enhancing HIV/AIDS care in South India | How long will we live? Demographers refine estimates | Investigating IUD demand in Ghana and Guatemala | Potential data biases in studies exposed | Schooling trends in Africa: New assessment methods needed

Hiv: Fear Of Aids Or Medical Malpractice, Richard J. Hunter Jr.

North Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Occurrence Of Co-Colonization Or Co-Infection With Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci And Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus In A Medical Intensive Care Unit, David K. Warren, Anand Nitin, Cheri Hill

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

The C-Terminal Fragment Of The Internal 110-Kilodalton Passenger Domain Of The Hap Protein Of Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae Is A Potential Vaccine Candidate, Dai-Fang Liu, Kathryn W. Mason, Maria Mastri, Mehran Pazirandeh, David Cutter, Doran L. Fink, Joseph W. St. Geme Iii, Duzhang Zhu, Bruce A. Green

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Dinitroanilines Bind Α-Tubulin To Disrupt Microtubules, Naomi S. Morrissette, Arpita Mitra, David Sept, L. David Sibley

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Gown Use In Controlling Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Transmission: Is It Worth The Price?, Laura A. Puzniak, Kathleen N. Gillespie, Terry Leet, Marin Kollef, Linda M. Mundy

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Clinical And Laboratory Features Of Mycobacterium Porcinum, Mark F. Schinsky, Et Al

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Population Genetic Analysis Of Bartonella Bacilliformis Isolates From Areas Of Peru Where Carrion's Disease Is Endemic And Epidemic, Tina M. Hambuch, Scott A. Handley, Barbara Ellis, Judith Chamberlin, Sofia Romero, Russell Regnery

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Legionella Pneumophila Dotu And Icmf Are Required For Stability Of The Dot/Icm Complex, Jessica A. Sexton, Jennifer L. Miller, Aki Yoneda, Thomas E. Kehl-Fie, Joseph P. Vogel

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Protective Role Of Interleukin-6 During Yersinia Enterocolitica Infection Is Mediated Through The Modulation Of Inflammatory Cytokines, Peter H. Dube, Scott A. Handley, James Lewis, Virginia L. Miller

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Detection Of Antibodies To Squalene Iii. Naturally Occurring Antibodies To Squalene In Humans And Mice, Gary R. Matyas, Mangala Rao, Phillip R. Pittman, Robert Burge, Iris E. Robbins, Nabila M. Wassef, Brandie Thivierge, Carl R. Alving

United States Army: Publications

An ELISA-based assay is described for the measurement of antibodies to squalene (SQE) in human serum and plasma. The assay was adapted from the previously described assay for murine antibodies to SQE (J. Immunol. Methods 267 (2002) 119). Like the murine SQE antibody assay, the human antibody assay used sterile cell culture 96-well plates coated with SQE (20 nmol/well). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)–0.5% casein was used as both a blocking agent and dilution buffer. The assay has a high through-put capacity and is reproducible and quantitative. This assay was used to evaluate samples from three different human cohorts. The first cohort …

Sample Learning Issues Linked To Texts With Answers, Jonathan Eldredge

Foundations of Research Methodologies

No abstract provided.

Healthwise Spring 2004, Gary D. Overturf, Sally Davis, Bernadette Albanese, Cynthia A. Johnson, Linda J. Penaloza

Newsletters

The Spring, 2004 issue of HealthWise. This issue includes articles on immunizations in New Mexico, antibiotics overuse, hand sanitizer use in schools, and controlling head lice.

Biology Of PrpSc Accumulation In Two Natural Scrapie-Infected Sheep Flocks, Patrick Caplazi, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Cynthia Wolf, Daniel Shaw, Timothy V. Baszler

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Sheep scrapie is a prion disease that requires interaction of exogenous prions with host prion protein (PrP) supporting prion formation. Disease is associated with deposition of a host-generated conformational variant of PrP, PrP^sc, in a variety of tissues, including brain, resulting in fatal spongiform encephalopathy. Efficiency of PrP^sc formation is determined by polymorphisms in the PrP-coding sequence. This article adds to previous data of natural sheep scrapie, concentrating on the effect of host genotype and age on PrP^sc accumulation patterns during preclinical and clinical disease. Two entire scrapie-infected, predominantly Suffolk-cross, sheep flocks euthanized for regulatory purposes …

Heterotrophic Plate Count Bacteria—What Is Their Significance In Drinking Water?, Martin J. Allen, Stephen C. Edberg, Donald J. Reasoner

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

While the literature documents the universal occurrence of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria in soils, foods, air, and all sources of water, there is a lingering question as to whether this group of organisms may signal an increased health risk when elevated populations are present in drinking water. This paper reviews the relevant literature on HPC bacteria in drinking water, the lack of clinical evidence that elevated populations or specific genera within the HPC flora pose an increased health risk to any segment of the population, and the appropriate uses of HPC data as a tool to monitor drinking water …

Distribution Of Six Virulence Factors In Aeromonas Species Isolated From Us Drinking Water Utilities: A Pcr Identification, K. Sen, M. Rodgers

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Aims: To examine whether Aeromonas bacteria isolated from municipally treated water had virulence factor genes.

Methods and Results: A polymerase chain reaction-based genetic characterization determined the presence of six virulence factors genes, elastase (ahyB), lipase (pla/lip/lipH3/alp-1) flagella A and B (flaA and flaB), the enterotoxins, act, alt and ast, in these isolates. New primer sets were designed for all the target genes, except for act. The genes were present in 88% (ahyB), 88% (lip), 59% (fla), 43% (alt), 70% (act) and 30% …

Plant Cell-Based Intimin Vaccine Given Orally To Mice Primed With Intimin Reduces Time Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Shedding In Feces, Nicole A. Judge, Hugh S. Mason, Alison D. O'Brien

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Intimin is the primary adhesin of Escherichia coli O157:H7, the most common infectious cause of bloody diarrhea in the United States and the leading cause of acute kidney failure in children who develop hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle are the primary reservoir of E. coli O157:H7. Indeed, most cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection in the United States occur after ingestion of contaminated undercooked hamburger or produce that had contact with bovine manure. Because intimin is required for persistent colonization of neonatal calves and adult cattle, we hypothesized that an intimin-based vaccination strategy in calves would reduce colonization of cattle with …

Bovine Tuberculosis In Swedish Farmed Deer: Detection And Control Of The Disease, Helene Wahlström

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) was introduced into Swedish farmed deer herds in 1987. Epidemiological investigations showed that 10 deer herds had become infected (July 1994) and a common source of infection, a consignment of 168 imported farmed fallow deer, was identified (I).

As trace-back of all imported and in-contact deer was not possible, a control program, based on tuberculin testing, was implemented in July 1994. As Sweden has been free from BTB since 1958, few practicing veterinarians had experience in tuberculin testing. In this test, result relies on the skill, experience and conscientiousness of the testing veterinarian. Deficiencies in performing the …

Washington University Magazine, Spring 2004

Washington University Magazine

No abstract provided.

Different Biological Responses Of Pigs Of Two Genetic Populations To Prrsv Challenge Suggests Underlying Genetic Variation In Susceptibility/Resistance To Prrsv, Derek B. Petry, Justin W. Holl, John Weber, Rodger K. Johnson, Alan R. Doster, Fernando Osario

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective was to determine whether genetic variation in susceptibility to Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome virus (PRRSV) exists. One hundred pigs from each of two distinctly different populations (NE Index Line, I, and Duroc-Hampshire cross pigs, DH) were challenged with PRRSV at 26 days old. A littermate to each challenged pig was included in the experiment without PRRSV challenge to serve as a control. Body weight and temperature were recorded and blood samples were drawn from all pigs on the day of challenge and 4, 7 and 14 days post-challenge. All pigs were sacrificed and a necropsy was performed …