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Evaluation Of The In Situ Degradation Kinetics Of Some Protein Sources Commonly Used In Ruminant Feeding, Suphi̇ Deni̇z, M. Aki̇f Karsli, Hüseyi̇n Nursoy, M. Sai̇t Kutlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to evaluate the in situ degradation kinetics of some commonly used protein sources (sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and soybean meal). Three ruminally fistulated rams were utilized in the study. They were fed ground alfalfa and a mixture of concentrate (60% alfalfa and 40% mixture) at maintenance level. The Dacron bags used in the study had a 45 µ^2 pore size and internal dimensions of 15 x 7 cm. Feed samples were ground to pass through a 2 mm screen. Samples were incubated in the rumen of rams for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 …

Purification And Characterization Of Pyruvate Kinase From Normal And Tumor Breast Tissues, Seval Yilmaz, Sema Temi̇zer Ozan, İbrahi̇m Hani̇fi̇ Özercan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The molecular weight and kinetic properties of pyruvate kinase purified from human normal and tumor breast tissues were studied and the activity levels of pyruvate kinase from normal and tumor breast tissues were compared. The presence of 2 forms of pyruvate kinase in human breast tissue was demonstrated by DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The molecular weight of subunits estimated by SDS-PAGE in forms I. and II. in normal breast tissue and in forms I. and II. in tumor breast tissue were 30,000 and 63,000 Da and 16,500 and 60,000 Da, respectively. It was found that the pyruvate kinase activity in …

Prevalence Of Leishmania Infantum And Dirofilaria Immitis Infection In Dogs In Aydın Province And The Town Of Selçuk, İzmir, Turkey, Hüseyi̇n Voyvoda, Serdar Paşa, Seray Özensoy Töz, Yusuf Özbel, Hati̇ce Ertabaklar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs housed outdoors in Aydın province and Selçuk in western Turkey. Anti-Leishmania antibodies were evaluated in sera samples by IFA and ELISA techniques. The presence of D. immitis microfilariae was determined in blood samples by use of the modified Knott’s test. Using the IFA and ELISA on 158 dogs surveyed, 5 (3.2%) were positive for anti-Leishmania antibodies while 22 (13.9%) were found infected with D. immitis. Only 2 out of 5 seropositive dogs exhibited major signs of canine visceral leishmaniosis, and amastigotes …

The Effects Of Starter Cultures And Different Nitrite Doses On The Growth Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Sucuk Production, Mükerrem Kaya, Hüsnü Yusuf Gökalp

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effects of different nitrite doses (50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm NaNO_2) and starter culture (Lactobacillus plantarum + Staphylococcus carnosus, a commercial preparation) on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in sucuk (Turkish dry fermented sausage) were investigated. The initial inoculation of the L. monocytogenes was 10^4 cfu/g for each sucuk dough mix. At the beginning of the ripening period in sucuk samples containing different amounts of NaNO_2 and without starter culture, L. monocytogenes growth was observed. On the 3^{rd} day of ripening the L. monocytogenes count was over 10^7 cfu/g. No growth was detected in the sucuks containing starter …

Investigation Of Blood Protein Polymorphism And Estimation Of Genetic Distances In Some Dog Breeds In Turkey, Meti̇n Erdoğan, Ceyhan Özbeyaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Phylogenetic relationships in some Turkish dog breeds were investigated to determine protein polymorphisms by electrophoretic analysis. Blood samples were collected from 276 dogs including the Kangal, Akbash and German Shepherd as well as Doberman Pinscher, Setter, Pointer and Labrador breeds. Enzymes and proteins were separated electrophoretically using isoelectrofocusing gel, starch gel and polyacrylamide gel. Polymorphism on albumin (Alb), postalbumin-1 (Poa-1), postalbumin-3 (Poa-3), transferrin (Tf), and esterase (ArE) loci was detected, while no polymorphism was observed on the hemoglobin (Hb) locus. These polymorphisms were used to estimate the average heterozygosity value (h-s), F-statistics and the number of gene flow in each …

The Effect Of Acute Fluoride Poisoning On Nitric Oxide And Methemoglobin Formation In The Guinea Pig, Meltem Şi̇reli̇, Azi̇z Bülbül

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To study the effect of acute fluoride poisoning on nitric oxide and methemoglobin formation, 250 mg/kg bw sodium fluoride was applied alone and verapamil was applied together with fluoride. Blood nitric oxide (Griess reaction) and calcium levels; hemoglobin, methemoglobin and hematocrit values; and erythrocyte counts were determined and compared with those of the controls. After the fluoride application it was found that there was a relative relationship between the increase in nitric oxide and methemoglobin levels and the decrease in calcium, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and erythrocyte count. It was concluded that the increase seen in blood nitric oxide levels …

Determination Of The Levels Of Zinc, Copper, Calcium, Phosphorus And Magnesium Of Chios Ewes In The Aydın Region, Funda Kargin, Kami̇l Seyrek, Ayşegül Bi̇ldi̇k, Serap Aypak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was undertaken to investigate the Cu, Zn, Ca, P and Mg levels of blood serum and the Cu and Zn levels of wool from clinically healthy Chios ewes grazed in meadows in the Aydın region. A total of 100 blood and wool samples from various villages in different districts of Aydın (Germencik, Yenipazar, Çine, Koçarlı and the central district) were studied. The Zn and Cu values were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Serum Ca, P and Mg were measured by photometer using commercially available kits. The average Cu, Ca, P and Mg values of sera were near …

Listeria Monocytogenes, Yersinia Enterocolitica And Salmonella Enteritidis In Quail Eggs, Özlem Turgay

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enteritidis in 123 liquid whole quail eggs. The method suggested by USDA-FSIS was used for the isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes. S. enteritidis was identified and sero-grouped by co-agglutination test and slide agglutination test. Y. enterocolitica was isolated in Trypticase-Soy Broth, with bile-oxalate-sorbose medium for enrichment. Both enrichment cultures were plated on Yersinia Selective Agar Base containing cefsulodin, irgasan and novobiocin (CIN Agar). No Yersinia was detected among the natural flora of the quail eggs. Seven (5.69%) of 123 whole quail eggs …

Feed Value Of Cactus And Cactus Silage, Mustafa Çürek, Ni̇hat Özen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The nutrient composition, and feed value of cactus were evaluated through total collection and nylon bag techniques. In the first trial conducted with 3 Chios rams, digestion coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extracts, crude fiber and nitrogen-free extracts of cactus leaves (cladodes) and cactus silage were found to be 57.57, 79.20, 72.69, 79.13, 27.95 and 84.14%; 57.32, 69.40, 33.21, 90.10, 13.08 and 78.45%, respectively. The contents of digestible protein, ether exctracts, fiber and nitrogen-free extracts (dry matter basis) were as 3.55, 1.61, 6.77 and 63.33%; 2.14, 1.78, 7.71 and 52.35%, respectively. Depending upon the data above, …

Determination Of Microbial Gas Production, Fermentation Kinetics And Digestibility Of Alternative Crop Silages, İsmai̇l Akyol, Emi̇n Özköse, Mehmet Sai̇t Eki̇nci̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Microbial gas production (MGP), fermentation kinetics and DM loss of crop silages made from 7 different plant families (barley/pea, clover, grass, kale, lotus, lucerne, sainfoin) and 10 different refusals were determined. The pressure transducer technique (PTT) was used to measure the microbial gas production of fresh and ground silages and refusal samples at regular intervals throughout the 120 h incubation. The MGP of fresh and ground silages were similar (r^2 = 0.90). The maximum gas production was obtained from kale for ground and fresh silages whilst grass silage yielded the maximum gas pool for refusals. No differences were found between …

Is The Fluid Milk Subsector Competitive In Turkey?, Seli̇m Adem Hatirli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The significant increase in the concentration ratio in Turkey’s fluid milk market has heightened concern about the exercise of market power. During 1980-98, the 4-firm concentration ratio and Herfindahl index increased by 11% and 33%, respectively. In this study, we estimated the degree of imperfection in the fluid milk market at retail level using the New Empirical Industrial Organization approach during the period 1980-98. For this purpose, the demand equation and first-order-profit maximization condition, which allow the degree of market power to be determined, were estimated. Using 2-stage-least-square estimation, market power was found to be 0.11. This parameter shows that …

Prevalence Of Eimeria Species In Lambs In Antakya Province, Gali̇p Kaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to identify Eimeria species in lambs in Antakya province. For this purpose, 248 samples were collected from 34 randomly selected lamb herds in 6 different towns. In the laboratory examination of samples, 10 different Eimeria species were identified in Antakya province. These species were E. ahsata (11.29%), E. bakuensis (38.70%), E. crandallis (64.91%), E. faurei (11.29%), E. intricata ( 9.27%), E. marsica (16.93%), E. ovinoidalis (55.24%), E. pallida (3.62%), E. parva (13.30%), and E. weybridgensis (30.24%). Among these species, E. weybridgensis, E. marsica and the varieties of E. crandallis (small and blue varieties) are reported for …

6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase: Purification, Characterization And Kinetic Properties From Rat Erythrocytes, Şükrü Beydemi̇r, Mehmet Çi̇ftçi̇, Hayrullah Yilmaz, Ömer İrfan Küfrevi̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this paper, a simple and rapid method for the purification of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from rat erythrocytes together with an analysis of the kinetic behavior and some properties of the enzyme are considered. The purification steps comprised high-speed centrifugation, 20-50% ammonium sulfate precipitation and 2', 5'-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel chromatography. The yield was 78.4% and the specific enzyme activity was 5.15 EU/mg proteins. The molecular mass of the subunit was estimated to be 59,566 Da by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and native enzyme was found to be 111,000 Da by gel filtration column chromatography. The enzyme had an …

Size Composition, Growth Characteristics And Stock Analysis Of The Pikeperch, Sander Lucioperca (L. 1758), Population In Lake Eğirdir, İsmet Balik, Hidir Çubuk, Remzi̇ye Özkök, Rahmi̇ Uysal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted between March 2001 and February 2002 to investigate the size composition, growth characteristics and stock size of the pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L. 1758), population of Lake Eğirdir. In the population, the rate of individuals more than 2 years of age and 20 cm was very low. The average length and weight of the commercial catch were also low. The length-weight relationship and von Bertalanffy growth equation were W = 0.006 L^{3.148} and L_t = 95.4*(1-e^{-0.0841(t+1.5638)}), respectively, and the average condition factor was 0.992. This last value is higher than those reported in other studies on the …

Alterations In Some Haematological And Biochemical Parameters In Cattle Suffering From Foot- And -Mouth Disease, Gürbüz Gökçe, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Gökce, Vehbi̇ Güneş, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was designed to evaluate serum biochemical and haematological parameters and serum nitrate concentrations in cattle suffering from foot- and -mouth disease (FMD). For this purpose, 30 Swiss Brown cattle aged between 3 and 5 years were used. Twenty cattle showed characteristic clinical signs of FMD, whereas the remaining 10 were clinically healthy and used as controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected from both groups and used to establish total white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), and haematocrit (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). Serum …

Dairy Cattle Farming In Kars District, Turkey: I. Characteristics And Production, Hi̇dayet Meti̇n Erdoğan, Mehmet Çi̇ti̇l, Vehbi̇ Güneş, Mustafa Saatci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives of the present study were to determine farm characteristics and production traits on dairy farms in Kars. A 2-stage stratified random sampling strategy was used to select localities (7) and farms (45). The study involved an interview with the farmers and regular visits to the farms. The survey identified important farm characteristics including demography, production and management practices. The results describe (a) farm demographics (number of family members, education of farmers, animal caretakers employed, types of herds, herd sizes, breeds, and age categories), (b) farm management practices; management at feeding (type, source, storage of feedstuffs, feeding, water supply …

Acid-Base Status And Blood Gas Analysis In Three Different Anaesthesia Schemes In Dogs, Galina Petkova Simeonova

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Changes in the parameters of acid-base status and blood gas analysis in 3 main methods of anaesthesia in dogs were investigated. The experiment was carried out in 22 male and female dogs, matched for breed, age and body weight and divided into 3 groups. Animals from the first group (n = 8) were subjected to standard inhalation anaesthesia using halothane. Those from the second group (n = 7) received balanced anaesthesia using pancuronium, and those from the third group (n = 7) received epidural lumbosacral anaesthesia using lidocaine. Arterialised capillary blood samples were obtained from all animals in the following …

Morphometry Of The Lymph Nodes Excluding The Thoracic And Abdominal Cavity In Wistar Rats, İlknur Dabanoğlu, Hüsnü Erbay Bardakçioğlu, Fi̇gen Sevi̇l, Di̇dem Alp

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ten male adult Wistar rats were used to obtain some measurements of the lymph nodes located in the head, neck, forelimb and hindlimb. The lymph nodes were marked by the injection of Evans Blue and were then dissected. In order to provide sufficient data for the morphometric properties of lymph nodes, the lymph nodes on each side were counted, and the longest and widest diameters of the lymph nodes were also measured. The mandibular lymph nodes were found to be higher in number in comparison with the other lymph nodes investigated. The largest was found in the axillary accessory lymph …

Replacement Of Fetal Calf Serum With Synthetic Serum Substitute In The In Vitro Maturation Medium: Effects On Maturation, Fertilization And Subsequent Development Of Cattle Oocytes In Vitro, Hakan Sağirkaya, Mehmet Yağmur, Zekari̇ya Nur, Mustafa Kemal Soylu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using synthetic serum substitute (SSS) instead of fetal calf serum (FCS) in maturation medium to stimulate in vitro maturation (IVM), fertilization (IVF) and subsequent development of bovine oocytes. Ovaries were obtained from a local slaughterhouse. Selected oocytes were matured in tissue culture medium 199 (M-199) supplemented with 2 mM glutamine + 0.25 mM Na-pyruvate + 0.5 µg/ml of FSH + 5 µg/ml of LH + 25 µg/ml of gentamycin and 10% FCS or 10% SSS (FCS and SSS groups, respectively) for 22 h. Matured oocytes were fertilized in vitro …

Use Of Spermac® Staining Technique In The Determination Of Acrosomal Defects In Cat Semen, Alper Baran, Başak Evri̇m Şahi̇n, Mi̇that Evecen, Kamber Demi̇r, İ. Kamuran İleri̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The types and rates of acrosome and other (head, mid-piece and tail) abnormal spermatozoon types were determined by the Spermac® staining technique. Semen from 5 stray tom cats under the same management conditions was used. Semen collection was performed under general anesthesia by electro-ejaculator once a week for 5 weeks. After ejaculation the semen was diluted by 100 µl of 0.9% NaCl solution and stained with Spermac® stain for morphological evaluation. The morphological criteria were acrosome, other (head, mid-piece and tail) and total morphological defect rates, and were 9.20 ± 2.55%, 9.20 ± 3.49% and 18.40 ± 4.79%, respectively. It …

Occurrence Of Aflatoxin M_1 In Some Cheese Types Sold In Erzurum, Turkey, Mustafa Gürses, Ahmet Erdoğan, Bülent Çeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Sixty-three samples of cheese consisting of 23 White cheeses, 14 Kaşar cheeses, 11 Tulum cheeses, 9 Civil cheeses and 6 Lor cheeses (whey-curd), were analyzed for the occurrence of aflatoxin M_1 (AFM_1) using enzymatic immunoassay. In 28 of 63 samples (44.44%), the presence of AFM_1 was detected in concentrations between 7 ng/kg and 202 ng/kg. The mean levels of AFM_1 were 28.08 ng/kg in White cheeses, 22.80 ng/kg in Kaşar cheeses, 74.05 ng/kg in Tulum cheeses, 12.32 ng/kg in Civil cheeses and 15.95 ng/kg in Lor cheeses.

The Effect Of Dietary Oils Of Vegetable Origin On The Performance, Body Composition And Fatty Acid Profiles Of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax L., 1758) Juveniles, Mustafa Yildiz, Erdal Şener

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Body fat composition and growth performance of sea bass juveniles fed with different kinds of vegetable oils instead of fish oil were studied. Feeding trials were carried out with 600 sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles with on initial live weight of 7.58 ± 0.13 g. Experimental feeds contained fish oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil and olive oil. In the chemical analyses of the experimental feeds, total crude fat was 12.33 ± 0.24% and total crude protein was 57.42 ± 0.31%. According to fatty acid analyses EPA (7.57%) and DHA (11.91%) in the feed containing fish oil, linolenic …

Transparency And Participation In The World Trade Organization, Steve Charnovitz

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

This paper discusses the challenge of improving transparency and participation in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Part I explores the development in international trade law of the norm for transparency and participation at the national level. The analysis begins with Immanuel Kant and traces the history of the issue in trade through the League of Nations and then to the postwar trading system culminating in the WTO. Part II describes the WTO's practices regarding openness and public participation, and then criticizes the current limitations. Part III proposes several new steps for the WTO to take to promote transparency and participation. …

Restraint And Responsibility: Judicial Review Of Campaign Reform, Spencer A. Overton

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

The First Amendment doctrine governing campaign finance law allows judicial outcomes to turn on often unstated political assumptions about the appropriate role of money in campaigns. As illustrated by the conflicting opinions of different U.S. Supreme Court Justices in McConnell v. FEC, current narrow tailoring and substantial overbreadth tests provide inadequate guidance and compel judges to rely on their own political assumptions in balancing the need for regulation against the right of free speech. Judges skeptical of campaign reform err on the side of protecting speech, while judges supportive of reform lean toward tolerating regulations said to prevent corruption. To …

Self-Reported Versus Recorded Sleep Position: An Observational Study, Susan J. Gordon, Karen A. Grimmer, Patricia Trott

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Background: Patient reports of ‘usual’ and ‘recent’ sleep positions are used by allied health professionals to direct the management of waking and nocturnal musculoskeletal symptoms. However no published studies have determined if self reports of sleep position are valid, consistent or reliable. An observational study was conducted at the Centre for Sleep Research of the University of South Australia. Twelve subjects, four in each of the age groups 18 to 39 years, 40 to 59 years and 60 years and over, without any known sleep disorders or sleep-disturbing medical or emotional problems participated in the study. Subjects spent two non-consecutive …

Use Of Herbal Medications By Patients In A Conventional Health Care Setting: A Health Education Challenge, Jill Delaubenfels

Graduate Research Papers

The use of herbal medication is growing rapidly in the United States, but use of herbal medication is not without risk. This is a veritable mine field of health care risks. The federal regulation of herbal medicine as a dietary supplement raises safety and efficacy concerns. The American public lacks knowledge of herbal medicines, often believing that "natural" means "safe". Patients who combine the use of herbal medicine with conventional medicine pose challenges for health care providers. Is the health care provider aware of their patient's use of herbal medication? Is the health care provider adequately educated on the safe …

Exploring Children’S Rights In The World Of Work, Jean N. Scandlyn

Human Rights & Human Welfare

A review of:

Children of Other Worlds: Exploitation in the Global Market by Jeremy Seabrook. London: Pluto, 2001. 166pp.

Reflections [Complete Issue : First Quarter 2004], Sigma Theta Tau International, Jacklynn Price, Julie Benbenishty, Nava Klein, Michele J. Upvall, Angela Barron Mcbride, Jim Henry, Linda Henry, Sandra L. Stuban, Shawna Beese-Bjurstrom, Diane Sieg, Eric Klein, Mary Koloroutis, Jayne Felgen

Sigma Past Publishing - Reflections Magazine

Publishing History: Print issues of Reflections magazine were published from 1975 to 1999 and its successor, Reflections on Nursing Leadership (RNL) began publication in 2000. RNL migrated to an online format, http://www.reflectionsonnursingleadership.org, in 2006 and continues today.

RNL is a member benefit of the Honor Society of Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI). The historical print issues have been made openly available.

Publishing Frequency: Quarterly until its transition to online. It’s now updated virtually every day.

Format: Print, 1975 - 2005; Online, 2006 - present

Feature Articles in this Issue:

Transcultural Nursing: Pathway to Peace?

Worlds Apart

Daniel J. …

Environmental Ethics From The Perspective Of Nepa And Catholic Social Teaching: Ecological Guidance For The 21st Century, Lucia A. Silecchia

Scholarly Articles

Over the years, a substantial body of Catholic social teaching has arisen to offer guidance as to the obligations that humanity has as stewards of creation. With ancient roots in Biblical text, and modern exploration in more recent texts, the connection between religious obligation and ecological responsibility has garnered much attention among Catholic thinkers - as well as among religious leaders of other faiths. This article explores the principles of Catholic social thought with respect to the environment and traces the development of those principles from their Biblical origins through the papacy of Pope John Paul II. In tandem with …

Deconstructing Teresa O’Brien: A Role Play For Domestic Violence Clinics, Leigh Goodmark, Catherine F. Klein

Scholarly Articles

In this article, we will present and examine the role play that we have used with our students. We will provide the actual text of the role play, with an explanatory narrative about how we integrated the role play into our classroom component. We will outline the reading assignments and pre-class preparation that we require. Finally, we will suggest ways that this role play can be adapted for clinical programs in other jurisdictions or in countries with other legal systems.