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The State Department Of Education's Role In Creating Safe Schools, Marilyn Grady, Jean Haar, Mary Ann Losh

Department of Educational Administration: Faculty Publications

The authority for public education in the United States does not stem from the Constitution, but rather is a "reserved" power remaining with the states. It originates from the Tenth Amendment, which reserves to the states those powers neither expressly given to the national govennnent nor denied to the state governments. However, most states have not exercised their authority for public education directly until recent decades. Education is a state function that is largely locally administered (Aikin, Linden, Noel, & Ray, 1992). Each state exercises its education function completely or in part through a state department of education that has …

Molecular Mapping And Identification Of Soybean Fatty Acid Modifier Quantitative Trait Loci, D. L. Hyten Jr., Vincent R. Pantalone, Arnold M. Saxton, Michael E. Schmidt, Carl E. Sams

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Altering FA content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil for improved functionality is a research goal of many soybean breeders. Several of the genes that alter palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids are modifier genes with small effects, causing these FA traits to act as quantitative traits. The objective of this study was to identify modifier FA quantitative trait loci (QTL) in soybean. A recombinant inbred line population was created from two prominent ancestors of currently avail-able U.S. cultivars (Essex and Williams) and grown in five environments. One hundred simple se-quence repeat markers spaced throughout the genome …

Reconsidering The Evolution Of Eukaryotic Selenoproteins: A Novel Nonmammalian Family With Scattered Phylogenetic Distribution, Sergi Castellano, Sergey V. Novoselov, Gregory V. Kryukov, Alain Lescure, Enrique Blanco, Alain Krol, Vadim N. Gladyshev, Roderic Guigo

Vadim Gladyshev Publications

While the genome sequence and gene content are available for an increasing number of organisms, eukaryotic selenoproteins remain poorly characterized. The dual role of the UGA codon confounds the identification of novel selenoprotein genes. Here, we describe a comparative genomics approach that relies on the genome-wide prediction of genes with in-frame TGA codons, and the subsequent comparison of predictions from different genomes, wherein conservation in regions flanking the TGA codon suggests selenocysteine coding function. Application of this method to human and fugu genomes identified a novel selenoprotein family, named SelU, in the puffer fish. The selenocysteinecontaining form also occurred in …

Clark’S Nutcrackers (Nucifraga Columbiana) And The Effects Of Goal-Landmark Distance On Overshadowing, Aleida J. Goodyear, Alan Kamil

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

Three groups of Clark’s nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) were trained to find a goal location defined by an array of 4 landmarks that varied in goal–landmark distance. The arrays for each group differed in the distance of the closest landmark and contained goal–landmark distances that were common across groups, allowing for the examination of the effects of both relative and absolute goal–landmark distance on encoding of a landmark array. All 3 groups readily learned the task and were subsequently tested in probe tests with only single landmarks from the array available. Search error in tests with single landmarks was …

A Role For Talin In Presynaptic Function, Jennifer R. Morgan, Gilbert Di Paolo, Hauke Werner, Valentina A. Shchedrina, Marc Pypaert, Vincent A. Pieribone, Pietro De Camilli

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Talin, an adaptor between integrin and the actin cytoskeleton at sites of cell adhesion, was recently found to be present at neuronal synapses, where its function remains unknown. Talin interacts with phosphatidylinositol-(4)-phosphate 5-kinase type Iγ, the major phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P₂]–synthesizing enzyme in brain. To gain insight into the synaptic role of talin, we microinjected into the large lamprey axons reagents that compete the talin–PIP kinase interaction and then examined their effects on synaptic structure. A dramatic decrease of synaptic actin and an impairment of clathrin-mediated synaptic vesicle endocytosis were observed. The endocytic defect included an accumulation of clathrin-coated pits …

Endocytic Function, Glycosaminoglycan Specificity, And Antibody Sensitivity Of The Recombinant Human 190-Kda Hyaluronan Receptor For Endocytosis (Hare), Ed Harris, Janet A. Weigel, Paul H. Weigel

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The human hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis (hHARE) mediates the endocytic clearance of hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate from lymph fluid and blood. Two hHARE isoforms (190 and 315 kDa) are present in sinusoidal endothelial cells of liver, spleen, and lymph nodes (Zhou, B., McGary, C. T., Weigel, J. A., Saxena, A., and Weigel, P. H. (2003) Glycobiology 13, 339–349). Here we report the specificity and function of the 190-kDa HARE, expressed without the larger isoform, in Flp-In 293 cell lines (190hHARE cells). Like the native protein, recombinant hHARE contains ~25 kDa of N-linked oligosaccharides, binds HA in a ligand blot …

5-Hydroxydecanoate Is Metabolised In Mitochondria And Creates A Rate-Limiting Bottleneck For Β-Oxidation Of Fatty Acids, Peter J. Hanley, Stefan Dröse, Ulrich Brandt, Rachel A. Lareau, Abir L. Banerjee, D. K. Srivastava, Leonard J. Banaszak, Joseph J. Barycki, Paul P. Van Veldhoven, Jürgen Daut

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

5-Hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) blocks pharmacological and ischaemic preconditioning, and

has been postulated to be a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP)

channels. However, recent work has shown that 5-HD is activated to 5-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA

(5-HD-CoA), which is a substrate for the first step of β-oxidation. We have now

analysed the complete β-oxidation of 5-HD-CoA using specially synthesised (and purified)

substrates and enzymes, as well as isolated rat liver and heart mitochondria, and compared

it with the metabolism of the physiological substrate decanoyl-CoA. At the second step of

β-oxidation, catalysed by enoyl-CoA hydratase, enzyme kinetics were …

Identification Of Methionine-Rich Clusters That Regulate Copper-Stimulated Endocytosis Of The Human Ctr1 Copper Transporter, Yan Guo

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Copper uptake and subsequent delivery to copper-dependent

enzymes are essential for many cellular processes.

However, the intracellular levels of this nutrient

must be controlled because of its potential toxicity. The

hCtr1 protein functions in high affinity copper uptake

at the plasma membrane of human cells. Recent studies

have shown that elevated copper stimulates the endocytosis

and degradation of the hCtr1 protein, and this

response is likely an important homeostatic mechanism

that prevents the overaccumulation of copper. The domains

of hCtr1 involved in copper-stimulated endocytosis

and degradation are unknown. In this study we examined

the importance of potential copper-binding

sequences in …

Mobilization Of Intracellular Copper Stores By The Ctr2 Vacuolar Copper Transporter, Erin M. Rees, Jaekwon Lee, Dennis J. Thiele

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Copper plays an essential role in processes including signaling to the transcription and protein trafficking machinery, oxidative phosphorylation, iron mobilization, neuropeptide maturation, and normal development. Whereas much is known about intracellular mobilization of ions such as calcium, little information is available on how eukaryotic cells mobilize intracellular copper stores. We describe a mechanism by which the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ctr2 protein provides bioavailable copper via mobilization of intracellular copper stores. Whereas Ctr2 exhibits structural similarity to the Ctr1 plasma membrane copper importer, microscopic and biochemical fractionation studies localize Ctr2 to the vacuole membrane. We demonstrate that Ctr2 mobilizes vacuolar copper stores …

Interactions Between Small Heat Shock Protein Subunits And Substrate In Small Heat Shock Protein-Substrate Complexes, Kenneth L. Friedrich,, Kim C. Giese, Nicole R. Buan, Elizabeth Vierling

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are dynamic oligomeric proteins that bind unfolding proteins and protect them from irreversible aggregation. This binding results in the formation of sHSP-substrate complexes from which substrate can later be refolded. Interactions between sHSP and substrate in sHSP-substrate complexes and the mechanism by which substrate is transferred to ATP-dependent chaperones for refolding are poorly defined. We have established C-terminal affinity-tagged sHSPs from a eukaryote (pea HSP18.1) and a prokaryote (Synechocystis HSP16.6) as tools to investigate these issues. We demonstrate that sHSP subunit exchange for HSP18.1 and HSP16.6 is temperature-dependent and rapid at the optimal growth temperature …

Culture-Independent Analysis Of Fecal Enterobacteria In Environmental Samples By Single-Cell Mrna Profiling, Han Chen, Gomathinayagam Ponniah, Nancy Salonen, Paul H. Blum

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A culture-independent method called mRNA profiling has been developed for the analysis of fecal enterobacteria and their physiological status in environmental samples. This taxon-specific approach determines the single-cell content of selected gene transcripts whose abundance is either directly or inversely proportional to growth state. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucleotide probes was used to measure the cellular concentration of fis and dps mRNA. Relative levels of these transcripts provided a measure of cell growth state and the ability to enumerate fecal enterobacterial cell number. Orthologs were cloned by inverse PCR from several major enterobacterial genera, and probes specific for …

Environment-Dependent Survival Of Drosophila Melanogaster: A Quantitative Genetic Analysis, Mei-Hui Wang, Oleg Lazebny, Lawrence G. Harshman, Sergey V. Nuzhdin

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Survival under starvation conditions was investigated in relationship to survival when food was present because these traits could be linked by evolutionary history. Recombinant inbred lines de-rived from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster were used to test genetic correlations and architecture of these survival traits. Sexes were genetically correlated within traits and there was significant correlation between survival traits. A number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were pre-sent for starvation survival and/or survival on food. In general, the QTL effects were consistent for sexes and environments. QTL effects were found on each major chromosome, but the major effects were largely …

Roles Of Substrate Availability And Infection Of Resting And Activated Cd4+T Cells In Transmission And Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Zhi-Qiang Zhang, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Qingsheng Li, Marta Dykhuizen Shore, Lijie Duan, Cavan Reilly, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Ashley T. Haase

Qingsheng Li Publications

In studies of sexual mucosal transmission and early stages of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and HIV infections, productive infection predominates in CD4+T cell populations, in both ostensibly resting and activated cells. The surprising ability of SIV and HIV to replicate in resting cells in vivo, in contrast to propagation of infection in vitro, suggested a model in which during the early stages of infection these viruses exploit the greater availability of resting cells to maintain unbroken chains of transmission from an infected resting cell to another resting cell nearby. Because immune activation in response to infection provides more …

The Geometry Of Foraging Patterns: Components Of Thoroughness In Random Searching, Alan B. Bond

Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences

A Monte Carlo simulation of the movements of a randomly-searching predator was used to develop a novel geometrical measure, the "thoroughness" of the search, and to investigate the effects of meander, turn asymmetry, and path length. Thoroughness varied directly with the meander and the square of the asymmetry measure and remained relatively invariant with path length. The regularity of its relationship to the generating parameters of the search and the ease with which it may be estimated from field data recommend thoroughness for use in characterizing empirical search patterns and in testing for the occurrence of systematic searching.

Private And Public Contributions To Financing College Education, Nabeel Alsalam, Seth H. Giertz, Dennis Zimmerman

Department of Economics: Faculty Publications

Introduction and Summary The cost of four years of undergraduate education, including living expenses, now averages nearly $80,000 at public colleges and over $100,000 at many private institutions. Tuition and fees have risen steadily since 1980, fueling concern that college is becoming prohibitively expensive for many families. In two decades, tuition and fees at public universities more than doubled, from $1,883 (in 2001 dollars) in 1980 to $4,281 in 2001.
,br> A major component of higher education represents an investment, with the returns accruing in the form of greater productivity (and income) for future workers. As such, education is a …

A Major Pitfall In The Search Strategy On Pubmed, Ghazi O. Tadmouri, Nisrine Bissar-Tadmouri

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Hbv, Hcv, Hiv-1, 2 And Htlv-I/Ii Infections Among Blood Donors In A Teaching Hospital In The Central Region Of Saudi Arabia, Malak M. El-Hazmi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Several infectious diseases are transmissible by blood transfusion, especially viral infections. The most common blood-transmitted viruses are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These viruses cause fatal, chronic and life-threatening disorders. The prevalence of these viruses varies by nationality and geography. The purpose of this study was to establish the current prevalence of hepatitis viruses (B and C) and human retroviruses (HIV-1, 2 and human T-lymphotropic virus type I and II, HTLV-I /II) among blood donors at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: Serological markers of …

The Effect Of Ramadan Fasting On Amniotic Fluid Volume, Zahra Kamyabi, Tayebeh Naderi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the influence of Ramadan fasting on amniotic fluid volume. METHODS: For this purpose 2 groups of fasting (n=28) and non-fasting (n=25) pregnant women were investigated for amniotic fluid index (AFI) and deepest vertical pocket of amniotic fluid in November (Ramadan month) of 2001-2002 in Kerman Prenatal Clinics in Kerman, Iran. Mean of gestational age based on the last menstrual period and ultrasound reports were 29.6 +/- 5.8 week and 29.5 +/- 4.2 week in fasting and non-fasting groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in age, gestational …

The Effect Of Fasting In Ramadan On Patients With Heart Disease, Hassan Chamsi-Pasha, Waqar H. Ahmed

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and biochemical effects of fasting during Ramadan on patients with cardiac disease. METHODS: Eighty-six outpatients with heart disease with intention to fast were studied in the month of Ramadan 1996 (1416 H) at the King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Detailed clinical and biochemical assessments were performed within 3 days before the start of Ramadan and then on the last day of Ramadan. RESULTS: There were 54 (62.8%) males and 32 (37.2%) females with a mean age of 56.3 years (range, 17-84 ). Forty-six patients (53%) had coronary artery disease, 23 …

Thyroid Cancer In Yemen, Yasser A. Abdulmughni, Mohammed A. Al-Hureibi, Khalid A. Al-Hureibi, Mohammed A. Ghafoor, Ali H. Al-Wadan, Yahia A. Al-Hureibi

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of thyroid cancer (TC) patients in regard to demographic distribution, histological variants, mode of presentation and modalities of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: We retrospectively audited the records of 97 consecutive cases with histologically proved thyroid cancer between 1997 and 2001 presenting to the Kuwait University Hospital, Sana9a, Yemen. RESULTS: Patients with TC in this study comprise 17.7% of goiter patients who were admitted at the same period. Females constituted 89.7% (n=87), and males 10.3% (n=10). The average age of diagnosis was 38.4 years. More than two thirds were at the age of <40. Among patients with goiter, the percentage of carcinoma was higher in the following groups, males (37.9% versus 16.6%, p=0.028), patients aged >47 (25.8% versus …

Mutation Analysis Of The Breast Cancer Gene Brca1 Among Breast Cancer Jordanian Females, Manar F. Atoum, Sameer A. Al-Kayed

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To screen mutations of the tumor suppressor breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) within 3 exons among Jordanian breast cancer females. METHODS: A total of 135 Jordanian breast cancer females were genetically analyzed by denaturing gradient electrophoresis (DGGE) for mutation detection in 3 BRCA1 exons (2, 11 and 20) between 2000-2002 in Al-Basheer Hospital, Amman, Jordan. RESULTS: Of the studied patients 50 had a family history of breast cancer, 28 had a family history of cancer other than breast cancer, and 57 had no family history of any cancer. Five germline mutations were detected among breast cancer females with …

Scorpion Sting Syndrome In A General Hospital In Saudi Arabia, Abdulrahman K. Al-Asmari, Abdulaziz A. Al-Saif

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of scorpion stings and to draw the attention of clinicians, concerning the dilemma of scorpion sting syndrome and its management in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS: In a retrospective survey, 251 cases were presenteds with scorpion stings to the Emergency Department of the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, KSA during a period of 15 years (April 1986 to April 2000). Their ages ranged from 2 months to 101 years (male to female ratio was 2.6:1) and 70.6% of the cases were under 20 years of age. RESULTS: The mean annual incidence of the scorpion …

Dementia In Qatar, Ahmad I. Hamad, Mohammed A. Ibrahim, Essa M. Sulaiti

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: Dementia is a major public health problem among the elderly in developed countries and a growing problem in the underdeveloped countries. There are no published data on dementia in any of the Arabic countries. The aim of this study was to determine the different sub-types of dementia among Qataris. METHODS: A retrospective and prospective ongoing hospital-based study in which all medical records of the patients with diagnosis of dementia seen at the Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar, between June 1997 and June 2003, whether inpatient or outpatient were reviewed. Dementia was defined according to diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) …

The Arabic Version Of Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire Modified For Arabic Children, Sanaa M. Madi, Sulaiman M. Al-Mayouf, Carol G. Grainger, Sultan A. Bahabri

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, reliability and validity of the childhood health assessment questionnaire - modified for Arab children (CHAQ- MAC). METHODS: One hundred and eighteen modified questionnaires were completed by 75 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients and their parents attending the Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over an 18 month period (January 1996 to May 1997). RESULTS: The modified questionnaire was self-administered by 82% of the parents. The median time to complete the questionnaire was 10 minutes. The main difficulty in comprehension was discomfort dimension (visual analogue …

Acute Chest Syndrome In Sickle Cell Disease, Zakaria M. Al-Hawsawi

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Spectrum Of Childhood Poisoning In A Tertiary Center In The Eastern Saudi Arabia, Afrah Kashmar, Aftab S. Chishti

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

C-Reactive Protein In Diabetes Mellitus And Hyperlipidemia, Samir M. Khoja, Fahd A. Alabbassi, Abuelgassim O. Abuelgassim, Omar A. Al-Bar

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Risk Of Morbid Obesity With Pregnancy, Ezzeldin A. Khorshid, Tarek A. Elbeheidy, Aly M. Quinaibi

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Ecology Of Interorganizational Information Sharing, Jane Fedorowicz, Janis L. Gogan, Amy W. Ray

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

Increasingly, companies use interorganizational information systems to support business process partnerships, such as automatic replenishment systems and other supply chain initiatives, invoicing and payments, and insurance claims processing. Inter-firm networking in turn can increase the visibility of information generated and used by business partners. These business partners may experience intended and unintended impacts from the changes in the partnering relationship, in effect altering the ecology of the organization. Yet IT researchers rarely study an organization’s ecology, focusing instead on impacts upon internal processes. Our goal in this paper is to propose a definition of interorganizational information ecology, to provide IT …

A Conceptual Framework For E-Branding Strategies In The Non-Profit Sector, Horst Treiblmaier, Irene Pollach, Arne Floh

Journal of International Technology and Information Management

E-branding provides non-profit organizations (NPOs) with new opportunities to communicate their missions, which is of paramount importance in a market segment that competes for donations and voluntary labor. Since successful e-branding is determined by both internal and external communication strategies, we developed a framework which explains the interdependency of these two factors in NPOs. Our findings are based on qualitative interview data and a website analysis of eleven Austrian NPOs. The NPOs' internal and external e-communication strategies are categorized into three successive levels each and combined in a two-dimensional grid, which shows how NPOs integrate their communication strategies.