Digital Commons Network^™

Adolescent Life In Low Income And Slum Areas Of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Annabel Erulkar, Tekle-Ab Mekbib, Negussie Simie, Tsehai Gulema

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The Ethiopian Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture has long considered attention to the lives of Ethiopian adolescents as a priority intervention area for research and programs in the country. This study conducted with the Population Council gives critical insight into the lives of adolescent girls and boys in the low income and slum areas of Addis Ababa. Research and programs for young people tend to homogenize the adolescent population into one genderless mass, with little regard to age or social context. Greater segmentation of the adolescent population is needed in the design and content of programs, as well as …

Popular Perceptions Of Emerging Influences On Mortality And Longevity In Bangladesh And West Bengal, Sajeda Amin, Alaka Malwade Basu

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Although new environmental and pathological threats to human survival and longevity have been documented, relatively little is known about how these threats are perceived in the popular imagination. During fieldwork in rural Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, researching the changing costs of and motivations for reproduction, the authors included survey questions on respondents’ perceptions of changing mortality. Child-mortality levels were perceived to have fallen drastically in recent times, but for the middle-aged and the elderly, the past was seen as a better time in terms of health and survival. The decline in adult health is attributed to environmental deterioration and …

Gender Differences In Time Use Among Adolescents In Developing Countries: Implications Of Rising School Enrollment Rates, Amanda Ritchie, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Monica J. Grant

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Researchers at the Population Council have been involved in the collection of data on time use from adolescents in India, Kenya, Pakistan, and South Africa. Three questions are addressed in this working paper: (1) How does time use change during the transition to adulthood? (2) Does gender role differentiation intensify during the transition? (3) Does school attendance attenuate gender differences? The data document differences in time use patterns between students and nonstudents. Although female adolescent students still work longer hours than male adolescent students, the gender division of labor that typically develops during adolescence is greatly attenuated among students when …

Differentials In Life Expectancy And Active Life Expectancy By Socioeconomic Status Among Older Adults In Beijing, Toshiko Kaneda, Zachary Zimmer, Zhe Tang

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper compares estimates of life expectancy and active life expectancy across indicators of socioeconomic status for a cohort of older adults in Beijing Municipality. The aim is to determine whether associations are consistent across indicators and with those typically observed in Western industrialized countries. The research finds that men of higher status experience advantages with respect to life and active life expectancies. Among women, only active life expectancy is significantly greater for those of higher status, but the difference by income is not statistically significant. With respect to the proportion of life spent in an active …

Long-Range Trends In Adult Mortality: Models And Projection Methods, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper has two objectives: (1) to test a new version of the logistic model for the pattern of change over time in age-specific adult mortality rates, and (2) to develop a new method for projecting future trends in adult mortality. A test of the goodness-of-fit of the logistic model for the force of mortality indicates that its slope parameter is nearly constant over time. This finding suggests a variant of the model that is called the shifting logistic model. A new projection method based on the shifting mortality model is proposed and compared with the widely …

The Effect Of A Livelihoods Intervention In An Urban Slum In India: Do Vocational Counseling And Training Alter The Attitudes And Behavior Of Adolescent Girls?, Barbara Mensch, Monica J. Grant, Mary Philip Sebastian, Paul C. Hewett, Dale Huntington

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This Population Council working paper examines whether an experimental intervention for girls aged 14–19 that provided reproductive health information, vocational counseling and training, and assistance with opening savings accounts in slum areas of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh, India had an effect on their attitudes and behaviors. Although the livelihoods program was acceptable to parents and feasible to implement, the project had only a minimal impact on the behavior and attitudes of adolescent girls in the experimental slums. The greatest changes between the baseline and the endline surveys were found in those outcomes that most closely reflected the content of the …

To Stand On Their Own: Women’S Higher Education In Contemporary Kerala, India, Alcira Forero-Pena

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This is a study of the significance for women of college education as it occurs in colleges administered by Christian nuns in Kerala, India. Particularly, it looks at the paradoxical effects of the dramatic social changes Kerala underwent during the twentieth century that guaranteed, among other things, formal education, including post-secondary, to a large proportion of women. On the other hand, it shows not only the persistence of blatant social inequalities fed by class, caste, and gender distinctions but also the increase in inequality due to the forces of globalization. On close examination, there is little correlation between the vast …

Table Of Contents, Vol. 82, No. 3

Nebraska Law Review

No abstract provided.

Commercial Use Of Protected Health Information Under Hipaa's Privacy Rule: Reasonable Disclosure Or Disguised Marketing?, June Mary Makdisi

Nebraska Law Review

April 14, 2003, marked the beginning of a new era in America’s healthcare industry because access or exchange of sensitive data may occur only under the conditions outlined in a complex new regulatory scheme referred to as the Privacy Rule. The Rule, meant to safeguard health information privacy, is an offshoot of health care directives provided by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). This article explores how well the Rule protects patient privacy, particularly in the context of permissible disclosures that a consumer might regard as commercial marketing. Part I introduces the issue by explaining the …

Unraveling The Labyrinth: A Proposed Revision Of The Nebraska Juvenile Code, Mark Ells, Robert B. O'Neal, Victoria Weisz, Jennifer Conner

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction . . . . . 1128

II. Terminology . . . . . 1132

A. Child in Need of State Protection . . . . . 1137

1. Current Statute . . . . . 1137

2. Proposed Changes . . . . . 1137

3. Meaning of the Changes . . . . . 1138

4. Rationale . . . . . 1138

5. Legal Issues . . . . . 1139

6. National Perspective . . . . . 1139

7. International Perspective . . . . . 1140

8. Social Science Research . . . …

Avoiding Regulatory Mismatch In The Workplace: An Informational Approach To Workplace Safety Regulation, Thomas A. Lambert

Nebraska Law Review

In the course of exploring the range of regulatory options, this article attempts to make several contributions to the literature on workplace safety regulation. First, it seeks to flesh out some concrete policies aimed at providing workplace risk information to employees. Next, the article responds to behavioral theorists who argue that individuals’ cognitive limitations and biases necessarily render ineffective an information-provision approach to workplace safety regulation. This article shows that even if the behavioralists are correct in their claims about individuals’ limited abilities to process risk information, an information-provision approach may be effective. Finally, the article demonstrates that the informational …

Which Way To True Justice?—Appropriate Dispute Resolution (Adr) And Adversarial Legalism, Dorothy W. Nelson

Nebraska Law Review

Robert A. Kagan coined the term “adversarial legalism” to mean policymaking, policy implementation, and dispute resolution through lawyer-dominated litigation. Adversarial legalism involves decisionmaking institutions with fragmented authority and relatively weak hierarchical control, features which lead to a costly system and legal uncertainty. It often provides an unfair method of meeting the public’s demand for justice and protection, generating both social benefits and costs. Although there are many virtues to adversarial legalism, it has serious deficiencies as a system for meeting the day-to-day challenge of providing justice in contemporary society. Appropriate Dispute Resolution (ADR)—such as negotiation, early neutral evaluation, mediation, and …

The Supreme Court's Primary Purpose Test: A Roadblock To The National Law Enforcement Dna Database, Sandra J. Carnahan

Nebraska Law Review

The law enforcement DNA database known as the Combined DNA Index System (“CODIS”) has been touted as the best crime-solving tool since the advent of fingerprints. However, two U.S. Supreme Court opinions have undermined lower court precedent concerning the constitutionality of state law enforcement DNA databases and shaken the constitutional underpinning of the national DNA database system. Two opinions—City of Indianapolis v. Edmond and Ferguson v. City of Charleston undermine most, if not all, of the prior cases construing DNA statutes. In these opinions, the Court clarified its “special needs” exception to the Fourth Amendment’s warrant requirement, explaining that …

The Good, The Bad, And The Ugly: The First Ten Years Of The Oregon Water Trust, Janet C. Neuman

Nebraska Law Review

The Oregon Water Trust is a nonprofit corporation that opened its doors and its pocketbook in 1994 to buy water for streamflows. Its portfolio contains eighty-seven current water rights deals, including permanent purchases of water rights, short- and long-term leases, exchange and forbearance agreements, conserved water projects, and nongeneration agreements, all together protecting a total of more than 124 cubic feet per second of water in eleven basins across the state of Oregon. This article offers some observations and generalizations about water markets derived from the Oregon Water Trust’s decade of experience. Part II describes the particular perspective that the …

Naming The Future: How Salvadoran Community Radio Builds Civil Society And Popular Culture, Diana Elizabeth Agosta

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation analyzes the participatory community radios of post-war El Salvador through ethnographic research and analyses of their operations and programming. It explores the concrete local meanings of civil society and the ways this medium helped construct a vibrant popular culture.

Its core is an analysis of the relationships between the community radios and the activities of emerging civil society organizations as part of a post-war movement reflecting a Gramscian discourse of civil society. Examples show how their collaboratively produced programs sought to increase popular participation especially among the formerly marginalized rural and urban poor, as well as to deepen …

Torts - Texas' House Bill Four's Noneconomic Damage Caps Impose The Burden Of Supporting The Medical Industry Solely Upon Those Most Severely Injured And Therefore Most In Need Of Compensation, Ashley Stewart

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Appellate Practice And Procedure, Alan Wright, Debra J. Mccomas, Ladawn H. Conway, Heather D. Bailey

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Toxic Torts And Mass Torts, Brent M. Rosenthal, Misty A. Farris, Carla M. Burke

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Human Rights Law, Mark E. Wojcik, Melinda Lord

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Middle Eastern Law, Jim Phipps, Mariam A. Nawabi, Bernadette M. Chala, Bridget Mckinney

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Thibodeaux V. Executive Jet International: Determining Whether Fair Labor Standards Exemptions For Overtime Compensation Apply To Fractional Ownership Programs, Kristen Bell

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Inhibition Of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (Sarscov) By Calpain Inhibitors And Beta-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine, Dale L. Barnard, V. D. Hubbard, J. Burton, Donald F. Smee, John D. Morrey, M. Otto, R. W. Sidwell

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

We evaluated two types of compounds for efficacy in inhibiting SARSCoV replication in vitro: calpain inhibitors (a class of cellular cysteine proteinases) and a number of nucleoside analogues. Cytopathic effect reduction assays visually determined with spectrophotometric verification by neutral red (NR) uptake assay were used to evaluate cytotoxicity and antiviral potency of the compounds. Significantly inhibitory compounds were then evaluated in virus yield reduction assays. Two calpain inhibitors, Val-Leu-CHO (calpain inhibitor VI) and Z-Val-Phe-Ala-CHO (calpain inhibitor III), were the most potent inhibitors of SARSCoV. By virus yield reduction assay, calpain inhibitor VI had a 90% effective concentration (EC90) of 3 …

Table Of Contents, South Dakota Law Review

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Acog's Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Standard: A Market Restraint Without Remedy, Michael J. Myers

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Appellants' Opening Brief, Mark Barnett, Diane Best, Roxanne Giedd

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Brief Of The State Of Nebraska As Amicus Curiae In Support Of Defendants - Appellants For Reversal, Don Stenberg

South Dakota Law Review

No abstract provided.

Half A Century Of Dna, Di̇cle Güç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Typing Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus By Ribosome Spacer And Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tamer Essawi, Kamel Adwan, Nael Abu-Hassan, Galeb Adwan, Ahmed Saleh, Ghaleb Mohammad Adwan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Thirty-five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates were collected from 3 hospitals in the northern and southern parts of Palestine between February and May 1998. These isolates were typed by ribosome spacer PCR (RS-PCR) and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). RS-PCR generated 9 different genotypes. The use of AP-PCR provided a high resolution typing method and allowed us to define 11 different clusters. Three major clusters, however, based on the combination of both typing methods, spread throughout the neonatal and intensive care units of Rafidya Hospital during the entire period.

Cytotoxicity Of Low Dose Epirubicin-Hci Combined With Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line Hepatoma G2, Aysun Özkan, Kayahan Fişkin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Recent evidance supports the concept that Epirubicin-HCI and Lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) cytotoxicity may be mediated by free radical and oxyradical generation. We tested this hypothesis further by exposing Hep G2 cells to Epirubicin-HCI and LAK cells and subsequently monitored cell viability as a measure of cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of LAK alone and LAK together with low dose epirubicin-HCI (IC50 1/10) which is measured using the MTT cytotoxicity test on viability of Hep G2 cells and sensitization of target cells to effector cells was investigated. The cytotoxicity of LAK (IC50 value of 5LAK/Hep G2 in 24 hours) and LAK+epirubicin-HCI (IC50 …

A Morphometric Evaluation Of Some Important Bony Landmarks On The Skull Base Related To Sexes, Aynur Emi̇ne Çi̇çekci̇başi, Khali̇l Awadh Murshid, Taner Zi̇ylan, Muzaffer Şeker, Işik Tuncer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphometric measurements of some important bony landmarks on the cranial base and to determine their relationships between the sexes and their bilateral differences. In this study, 60 (34 male and 26 female) skulls were obtained from the teaching skeletal collections at the Anatomy Department of Meram Medical School, Selçuk University. The axial length of the occipital condyles (ALOC), the anterior intercondylar distance (AICD), the sagittal intercondylar angle (OICA), the transverse and sagittal diameters of the jugular foramen (TDJF) and (SDJF), the distance from the apex of the mastoid process to the …