Digital Commons Network^™

Our Toxics Regulatory System And Why Risk Assessment Does Not Work: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals As A Case In Point, Valerie J. Watnick

Utah Law Review

Our current toxics regulatory system is based on the fundamental premise that the public expects a high degree of safety-close to absolute safety 2-in the regulation of toxins in our environment. To implement a system based on this fundamental assumption, we assume further that we can use risk assessment to develop "health-based" safety standards and use command and control regulation to implement them. This Article suggests that the fundamental premise that we can and should develop and apply standards that ensure safety to human health in our toxics regulatory schemes has little basis in current political and scientific reality. Politically, …

Books Received, Natural Resources Journal

Natural Resources Journal

No abstract provided.

An Econometric Analysis Of Infant Mortality, Pollution, And Income In The U.S. Counties, Margarita Yuri Somov

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The concept of economic development has broadened to include environmental quality and population health. Interactions between income and pollution, income and health, and pollution and health have been studied separately by researchers from various disciplines. This study attempts to unify several different research strands and analyze simultaneous interactions between population health, measured by the infant mortality rate, pollution, and income in one endogenous system. Socioeconomic, racial, and rural urban disparities in infant mortality, pollution, and income are analyzed. The simultaneous equation system, estimated using the two-stage least squares method, tests whether pollution effects on infant mortality are outweighed by income …

The Continuing Relevance Of Race-Concious Remedies And Prgrams In Integrating The Nation's Workforce, Michael L. Foreman, Kristin M. Dadey, Audrey J. Wiggins

Hofstra Labor & Employment Law Journal

The authors argue that achieving diversity should be one of the main legitimate justifications for affirmative action programs, in addition to the traditionally cited "remedy for past discrimination" justification. The authors describe the legal framework for affirmative action beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. They discuss the various types of affirmative action plans - public and private, court ordered and voluntary. The article concludes with a discussion of Department of Justice and EEOC policies towards affirmative action, arguing that the federal government should be the biggest proponent of such programs.

2004-2005 - Appropriations 5.5, Office Of Representative Luis V. Gutiérrez

By year (2001-2019)

This series consists of appropriations supported by the Office of Representative Luis V. Gutiérrez. Appropriations included: Child Nutrition Programs, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Minority Farmer and Rancher Outreach and Technical Assistance Program, Rural Housing Grants for Farmworker and Poor Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), Emergency Grants for assist low-income migrant and seasonal farmworkers, USDA Rural Drinking Water and Waste Water loan & grant fund, Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) research, Manufacturing Extension Partnership Program (MEP), Technologies Opportunities Program (TOP), Community Technology Centers (CTC), Department of Defense's (DOD) Peer-Reviewed Breast Cancer Research Program, U.S. Army's Neurotoxin Exposure …

Integrating Social Equity Into The Measurement Of Human Values In Outdoor Recreation, Laura E. Cauley

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Theory And History Of Social Indicators With Demonstration, David Edward Roemer

Master's Projects

This planning report outlines the history and evolution of social indicators into community indicators and examines their use in regional and urban planning. Second, this planning report is a study of the uses and types of indicators that have been, and are being, used for planning at the regional and community level. As such, this report also examines what it means for indicators to be appropriate” and describes how they may also be misused. Third, this report demonstrates the recreation of a Santa Clara County social indicator index based on a 1984 published report updated to the year 2000. The …

Hormesis, Hotspots And Emissions Trading, Jonathan B. Wiener

Faculty Scholarship

Instrument choice -- the comparison of technology standards, performance standards, taxes and tradable permits -- has been a major topic in environmental law and environmental economics. Most analyses assume that emissions and health effects are positively and linearly related. If they are not, this complicates the instrument choice analysis. This article analyses the effects of a nonlinear dose/response function on instrument choice. In particular, it examines the effects of hormesis (highdose harm but low-dose benefit) on the choice between fixed performance standards and tradable emissions permits. First, the article distinguishes the effects of hormesis from the effects of local emissions. …

Challenge Of Environmental Justice, The, Sheila R. Foster

Faculty Scholarship

The residents of Camden, New Jersey do not live in a bustling city as do residents living across the Delaware River in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Instead, Camden's largely minority population lives in an environmentally and economically devastated neighborhood replete with two Superfund sites. Garbage incinerators, sewage treatment plants and polluting factories have been placed in Camden because the poor have historically been less likely to protest than wealthier communities. In 1997, concerned Camden residents formed the South Camden Citizens in Action ( SCCA ) association to confront the continued encroachment by polluting factories and sewage treatment centers threatening their lives and …

Shout From Taller Rooftops: A Response To Deborah L. Rhode's Access To Justice Colloquium: Deborah L. Rhode's Access To Justice, Steven H. Hobbs

Articles

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Neo-Liberalism: A Proposal To Measure Women's Feeling Of Safety And Job Satisfaction In Two Garment Factories, Briana Henscheid

Honors Program Theses

Neo-liberal policies have facilitated increased globalization. ln tum, environmental, as well as occupational concerns have increased. The following is an overview of principle neo-liberal ideologies as well as their contribution to globalization. The detrimental effects of globalization on the environment as well as occupational health and safety are examined. To narrow the scope, a proposal is set forth which would examine specifically the attitudes of women workers in two garment factories, one with production in the United States, the other with production in Mexico. Although no research is conducted, the format is clear and preliminary conclusions are drawn.

Shout From Taller Rooftops: A Response To Deborah L. Rhode's Access To Justice, Steven H. Hobbs

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Who Should Win The Garbage Wars? Lessons From The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act, Jane Chuang

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

Universal Declaration Of Human Rights: A Standard For States, Elizabeth F. Defeis

Seton Hall Journal of Legislation and Public Policy

No abstract provided.

Narrative Of The Domestic Environmental Justice Movement: The Problem Of Class, Matthew Ferris

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Exposure Matters: Examining The Physical And Psychological Health Impacts Of Toxic Contamination Using Gis And Survey Data, Christine A. Bevc

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the grassroots environmental movement brought national attention to the issues related to inequities in environmental quality. Previous research addressing these environmental inequities has progressively increased and advanced methodologically. However, the arguments and focus have been primarily limited to examining the socio-demographics in an ongoing debate of race and class. This thesis extends past the methodological stalemate focusing on the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) using survey data in an environmental justice case study of a community in south Florida. This approach examines the social, health and environmental impacts of a Superfund site …

One-Hundred Years Of Change In Missoula Neighborhoods, Jennifer E. Sutton

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

No abstract provided.

Bulletin 2004-2005, Seattle University School Of Law

Viewbooks

No abstract provided.

Promoting Social And Economic Justice Through Interdisciplinary Work In Transactional Law, Susan R. Jones

GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works

Drawing upon the author's experience with a law school Small Business Clinic, this article claims that business law transactional practice is inherently interdisciplinary, involving collaboration from various disciplines, including law, business, accounting, finance, engineering, computer science, and the social sciences. The author explores the need for legal assistance for entrepreneurs and other small businesses, especially for women and minority business owners, and discusses the recent rise in small business clinics and community economic development (CED) clinical programs, which the author attributes to a trend away from government entitlements and toward personal responsibility and economic self-sufficiency, the failure of the litigation …

Environmental Ethics From The Perspective Of Nepa And Catholic Social Teaching: Ecological Guidance For The 21st Century, Lucia A. Silecchia

Scholarly Articles

Over the years, a substantial body of Catholic social teaching has arisen to offer guidance as to the obligations that humanity has as stewards of creation. With ancient roots in Biblical text, and modern exploration in more recent texts, the connection between religious obligation and ecological responsibility has garnered much attention among Catholic thinkers - as well as among religious leaders of other faiths. This article explores the principles of Catholic social thought with respect to the environment and traces the development of those principles from their Biblical origins through the papacy of Pope John Paul II. In tandem with …

Improving Laws, Declining World: The Tort Of Contamination, William H. Rodgers, Jr.

Articles

This article considers nature's "baseline" through the lens of modern environmental laws. We measure this "baseline" like never before and are proud of our databases on fish advisories, beach closures, and impaired water bodies, to mention a few. The ubiquitous legal response to these measures of environmental decline is the public warning "Don't Eat the Fish" and "Don't Drink the Water."

This article assesses the function, utility, and purpose of these public warnings and finds them wanting. Their principal value is that they serve as measures of lost natural capital and harbingers of shifting baselines.

Our descriptive journey leaves us …

Local Initiatives And Imf Policies In Quito, Ecuador, Dionissi Aliprantis

University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics

If we are to define development as an increase in the freedoms people enjoy, then we may move beyond structural adjustments and foreign investment as means to create wealth in Ecuador and Latin America. Although not conclusively documented one way or the other [13], microlending is a promising path towards development from this perspective. At the very least, microlending offers hope to a segment of the population that would otherwise be disenfranchised. In Quito, Ecuador, microlending programs are creating wealth and expanding freedoms in a manner consistent with capitalism, while a good deal of IMF policies extract wealth from the …

Private Property And The Politics Of Environmental Protection, Thomas W. Merrill

Faculty Scholarship

Private property plays two opposing roles in stories about the environment. In the story favored by most environmentalists, private property is the bad guy. It balkanizes an interconnected ecosystem into artificial units of individual ownership. Owners of these finite parcels have little incentive to invest in ecosystem resources and every incentive to dump polluting wastes onto other parcels. Only by relocating control over natural resources in some central authority like the federal government, can we make integrated decisions designed to preserve the health of the entire ecosystem. For these traditional environmentalists, private property is the problem; public control is the …

Working Out An Environmental Ethic: Anniversary Lessons From Mono Lake, Craig Anthony Arnold

Wyoming Law Review

No abstract provided.

Environmental Justice And Land Use Planning And Zoning, Patricia E. Salkin

Scholarly Works

No abstract provided.

Solving A Locational Distribution Problem Of Non-Toxic Solid Waste On The Island Of Puerto Rico, Sandra A. Soto

LSU Master's Theses

The island of Puerto Rico is confronting a crisis in waste management due to inadequate management from the local government, the decreasing number of landfills available, high population density, and paucity of places for waste disposal. This research develops a least-cost model for the disposal and transportation of non-hazardous solid waste. Location-allocation (LA) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software are used to analyze the efficiency of the present pattern of waste allocation and to identify a near-to-optimal assignment of waste for the landfills in operation today and the landfills that will be open by 2008. The “near-to-optimal” models obtained from …