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Bufflehead Breeding Activity In South-Central North Dakota, Gregory A. Knutsen, Janet C. King

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) is a small, cavity-nesting diving duck that breeds primarily in the aspen parkland and boreal forest regions of Alaska and Canada (Erskine 1972, Bellrose 1976, Gauthier 1993). According to Gauthier (1993), buffleheads prefer habitat consisting of small, permanent wetlands with a scarcity of emergent vegetation and adjacent aspen or poplar (Populus spp.) stands.

American Woodcock Population Status, 2004, James R. Kelley Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Singing-ground and Wing-collection surveys were conducted to assess the population status of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor). Singing-ground Survey data indicated that the numbers of displaying woodcock in the Eastern and Central Regions in 2004 were unchanged from 2003 (P>0.1). There was not a significant trend in woodcock heard on the Singing-ground Survey in either the Eastern or Central Region during 1995-04. This represents the first time since 1992 that the 10-year trend estimate for either region was not a significant decline. There were long-term (1968-04) declines of 2.1% per year in the Eastern Region and 1.8% …

Nutritional Condition Of Northern Yellowstone Elk, Rachel Cook, John G. Cook, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

We estimated nutritional condition for 96 female northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus nelson) during mid-to late winter 2000, 2001, and 2002. Neither year nor capture location significantly influenced any measure of condition (body fat, body mass, and longissimus dorsi thickness; P ≥ 0.14). Overall, age = 8.9 years ± 0.4 SE, body fat = 9.5% ± 0.4, body mass = 235.1 kg ± 2.2, and longissimus dorsi muscle thickness = 5.6 cm ± 0.1. Despite an age segregation pattern across the winter range (P = 0.016), we found no evidence of bias in our estimates of nutritional condition …

Primaquine Therapy For Malaria, J. Kevin Baird, Stephen L. Hoffman

United States Navy: Publications

Primaquine is the only available drug for preventing relapse of malaria, and confusion surrounds its use. This review examines the wide range of clinical applications of primaquine described in the medical literature between 1946 and 2004. The risk of relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria without primaquine therapy ranged from 5% to 80% or more, depending largely upon geographic location. Supervision of therapy profoundly impacts the risk of relapse, and almost all reports of malaria resistant to primaquine are associated with lack of such supervision. We nonetheless suspect that there is widespread resistance to the standard course of primaquine therapy, which …

Persistence Of Pharmaceutical Compounds And Other Organic Wastewater Contaminants In A Conventional Drinking-Water-Treatment Plant, Paul E. Stackelberg, Edward T. Furlong, Michael T. Meyer, Steven D. Zaugg, Alden K. Henderson, Dori B. Reissman

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

In a study conducted by the US Geological Survey and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 24 water samples were collected at selected locations within a drinking-water-treatment (DWT) facility and from the two streams that serve the facility to evaluate the potential for wastewater-related organic contaminants to survive a conventional treatment process and persist in potable-water supplies. Stream-water samples as well as samples of raw, settled, filtered, and finished water were collected during low-flow conditions, when the discharge of effluent from upstream municipal sewage-treatment plants accounted for 37–67% of flow in stream 1 and 10–20% of flow in stream …

Genomes Of The Parapoxviruses Orf Virus And Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus, Gustavo A. Delhon, E. R. Tuhlman, C. L. Afonso, Z. Lu, A. De La Concha-Bermejillo, H. D. Lehmkuhl, M. E. Piccone, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and orf virus (ORFV), members of the genus Parapoxvirus of the Poxviridae, are etiologic agents of worldwide diseases affecting cattle and small ruminants, respectively. Here we report the genomic sequences and comparative analysis of BPSV strain BV-AR02 and ORFV strains OV-SA00, isolated from a goat, and OV-IA82, isolated from a sheep. Parapoxvirus (PPV) BV-AR02, OV-SA00, and OV-IA82 genomes range in size from 134 to 139 kbp, with an average nucleotide composition of 64% G+C. BPSV and ORFV genomes contain 131 and 130 putative genes, respectively, and share colinearity over 127 genes, 88 of which …

Amelioration Of Proteolipid Protein 139–151-Induced Encephalomyelitis In Sjl Mice By Modified Amino Acid Copolymers And Their Mechanisms, Joel N.H. Stern, Zsolt Illés, Jay Reddy, Derin B. Keskin, Eric Sheu, Masha Fridkis-Hareli, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Celia F. Brosnan, Laura Santambrogio, Vijay K. Kuchroo, Jack L. Strominger

Jay Reddy Publications

Copolymer 1 [Cop1, glatiramer acetate, Copaxone, poly(Y,E,A,K)n] is widely used in the treatment of relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis in which it reduces the frequency of relapses by ≈30%. In the present study, copolymers with modified amino acid compositions (based on the binding motif of myelin basic protein 85–99 to HLA-DR2) have been developed with the aim of suppressing multiple sclerosis more effectively. The enhanced efficacy of these copolymers in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in SJL/J mice with proteolipid protein 139–151 was demonstrated by using three protocols: (i) simultaneous administration of autoantigen and copolymer (termed prevention), (ii) …

University Of Nebraska—Lincoln: Fact Book 2003—2004

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Administration: Reports, Papers, Publications, and Presentations

Role and Mission Statement

The Role of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln, chartered by the Legislature in 1869, is that part of the University of Nebraska system which serves as both the land-grant and the comprehensive public University for the State of Nebraska. Those responsible for its origins recognized the value of combining the breadth of a comprehensive University with the professional and outreach orientation of the land grant University, thus establishing a campus which has evolved to become the flagship campus of the University of Nebraska. UNL works cooperatively with the other three campuses and Central …

Water Current, Volume 36, No. 1. Winter 2004

Water Current Newsletter

Contents

• UNL Water Law, Policy and Science Conference is Mar. 4-5 by Steve Ress

• Summer Tour is June 7-9

• From the Director

• Bringing a Community Lake Back to Life

• UNL Water and Natural Resources Lectures

• Fact Sheets Explore Water Transfer and Marketing, Management of Dakota Aquifer

• Water Levels Continue Decline in High Plains Aquifer by Steve Ross

• Tracking Elk to Determine Best Herd Size for Nebraska’s Pine Ridge by Steve Ress

• Water News Briefs

• Lower Levels at Lake McConaughy Reveal Shoreline Erosion by Steve Ress and Charles Flowerday

Where Can I Build Or Expand A Livestock Operation? A Case Study Of Cuming County, Nebraska, Christopher G. Henry, Jeff Arnold

Nebraska Swine Reports

The impacts that setback distances of 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, and 1 mile would have on the land area available to the livestock industry for expansion in Cuming County, Neb. were estimated using a geographic information system and the current county zoning requirements. These setbacks seem to be typical of distances cited in many county zoning regulations. Setback distances greater than 3/8 of a mile appear to be very exclusive to expansion of the livestock industry in Cuming County. Reciprocal setbacks that apply to new housing construction do not appear to be restrictive. It is expected that other Nebraska counties …

Body Composition, Protein Deposition, And Efficiency Of Lysine Utilization Of Growing Pigs Fed Crystalline Or Protein-Bound Lysine, Janeth J. Colina, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer, Ruth M. Diedrichsen

Nebraska Swine Reports

Two 4-week experiments were conducted to determine body composition and lysine utilization for protein deposition (PD) in barrows and gilts. Thirty-two growing pigs (16 barrows and 16 gilts; average initial body weight of 40.4 lb) were used in each experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted to one of seven dietary treatments. Four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) were killed at the start and the remaining pigs were killed at the end of the experiments to determine body composition. There were two replications per treatment in each experiment for a total of four replications. Dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet …

Role Of The Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (Gnrh) Receptor In Determination Of Ovulation Rate Between Lines Of Swine, Benjamin E. Bass, Ginger A. Mills, Brett R. White

Nebraska Swine Reports

Litter size plays a major role in the economics of swine production. Even modest increases in average litter size can have considerable effects on overall profitability. Two major components of litter size, 1) ovulation rate, and 2) embryonic survival, have been used in a selection index project ongoing for several generations at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL). To better understand the mechanisms of one component, ovulation rate, we are investigating the role of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor in determination of this important trait. Although other factors may influence determination of ovulation rate, this receptor has an established physiological importance …

Effect Of Increasing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Growth Performance And Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Concentration, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing dietary protein intake on growth performance and serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in growing-finishing gilts. Thirty-nine crossbred gilts with an initial body weight of 74.3 lb were used in a 28-day growth study. The gilts were randomly allocated to one of five dietary treatments. The diets were standard corn soybean meal diets, which were formulated to contain 10, 14, 18, 22, or 26% crude protein by changing the ratio of corn to soybean meal in the diet. Pig and feeder weights were recorded weekly for the determination of average …

Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.

Supplementation On Sow And Litter Performance, Subsequent Weanling Pig Performance And Intestinal Development After An Immune Challenge, Steve J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer

Nebraska Swine Reports

Sixteen sows were randomly assigned to two treatments: CON: Control corn-soybean meal diet; GLN: Cornsoybean meal diet + 2.5% crystalline glutamine. No differences (P > 0.10) between treatments were observed for sow weight loss, sow feed intake, or litter weight gain. Sow plasma glutamine concentration tended to be increased on days 7 and 21 (P < 0.13) in sows fed GLN. Milk glutamine concentration was increased (P < 0.08) on days 7 and 21 of lactation. However, suckling pig plasma glutamine concentration was not altered (P > 0.38) on day 21 by glutamine enriched milk consumption. On day 21, pigs were weaned to a common starter diet, sow treatment structure was maintained, and two additional treatments were imposed on weanling pigs and arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial: SAL: Saline injection on …

Team Approach To Management, Allen Prosch

Nebraska Swine Reports

Managerial ability has been described as consisting of supervision and coordination. The coordination aspect is that function of deciding what business arrangements should be entered into. Pork producers are being called on to justify their right to do business with records that assure society that they have complied with regulations and used best management practices. Coordinating all the business activities to ensure compliance challenges the ability of any manager. The greater need for coordinating ability strongly suggests that pork producers who develop greater coordinating capacity will have a competitive advantage. Team management will be a necessary component in creating that …

Crop Residue Cover And Manure Incorporation — Part Ii: “Fine-Tuning” The System, David P. Shelton

Nebraska Swine Reports

Manure incorporation represents a compromise between best management practices for soil erosion control and manure management. Manure should be incorporated into the soil for odor control, increased availability of nutrients, and control of potential manure runoff. However, soil and crop residue disturbance should be minimized for soil erosion control. Values to estimate the amount of residue cover that will remain following the use of common manure application/incorporation components have been presented in the article titled “Crop Residue Cover and Manure Incorporation — Part I: Reduction of Cover.” This article discusses some of the influence that injector/ applicator spacing, tire spacing, …

Crop Residue Cover And Manure Incorporation — Part I: Reduction Of Cover, David P. Shelton

Nebraska Swine Reports

Manure incorporation represents a compromise between best management practices for soil erosion control and manure management. Manure should be incorporated into the soil for odor control, increased availability of nutrients and control of potential manure runoff. However, soil and crop residue disturbance should be minimized for soil erosion control. This field study was conducted to: 1) determine the influence that commercially available soil-engaging components used to simultaneously apply and incorporate manure have on the reduction of crop residue cover [Part I - this article]; and 2) determine and evaluate some of the factors that may influence the amount of residue …

Thermal Conditions Within Pens Fitted With Differing Zone-Heating Options And Resulting Performance Of Newly Weaned Pigs In A Wean-To-Finish Facility, Richard R. Stowell, Sherri Colgan, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

Research was conducted to assess the effects of the type of zone heater and floor mat used in a wean-to-finish building on the thermal environment created for newly weaned pigs and resulting pig performance. Gas-fired brooder heaters were compared to electric heat lamps and farm-cut wood sheathing was compared to commercial [unheated] rubber floor mats. No consistent differences in air temperature near the heating zone were found between either of the treatments. However, black-globe temperatures in pens having gas-fired heaters and/or wood mats were consistently warmer than in their comparison pens. Temperature deviations during the 26-day study period were similar …

Energy And Nitrogen Utilization Of Roundup Ready® Corn (Event Nk603) And Non-Transgenic Corn In Young Pigs, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

This experiment was conducted to compare the nutritional value, measured by digestible and metabolizable energy, and nitrogen digestibility in young pigs fed either Roundup Ready corn (DKC5740) or non-transgenic corn (DKC5738). The experiment used 12 barrows with an initial body weight of 76.3 lb. The pigs were housed in stainless steel metabolism crates and were randomly allotted to one of two corn treatments, either Roundup Ready corn or control corn. The diets were formulated to contain 97.5% of one of the two varieties of corn and 2.5% minerals and vitamins. The duration of the experiment was 14 days, which included …

Symbolic Defiance: Questions Of Nationalism And Tradition In Middle Eastern Textiles, Jeni Allenby

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

While the historical importance and visual beauty of Middle Eastern textiles have long been acknowledged, their contemporary role as a vehicle for political and nationalist expression has rarely been studied.

How has nationalism been transfigured into historical and contemporary Middle Eastern textile traditions? What new forms of textiles have developed from nationalist/political origins and what other cultures influenced their design and media? To whom was their political message addressed (were these textiles produced for local or foreign markets or as a means of symbolic private protest?) and has their creation altered traditional gender and/or social roles? What specific changes and …

Dragon Covers – Mysterious Aberrations Of The Li, Lee J. Chinalai

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Over a million Li people, representing approximately fifteen percent of the total population, live predominantly in the mountainous areas of Hainan, China. The island is rich in silk, hemp, ramie and cotton. The Li, a tribal people, began spinning, weaving and dyeing in ancient times and developed over the centuries a reputation for the quality and beauty of their textiles. Although the clothing and textiles of the various Li sub-tribes span a range of style and design, all – with one exception – clearly emanate from Li religion, culture and tradition, sharing roots with other Daic-speaking groups.

Several years ago, …

We Pieced Together Cloth, We Pieced Together Culture: Reflections On Tongan Women’S Textile-Making In Oakland, Ping-Ann Addo

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Tapa, or barkcloth, is central to the cultural identity, social relations, politics, history, and contemporary religion of people from the South Pacific Kingdom of Tonga. Large and ornate textiles made from the beaten inner bark of the paper mulberry tree are designed and made only by women. During 2003–04, the Center for Art and Public Life at the California College of the Arts completed a collaborative project entitled Pieces of Cloth, Pieces of Culture: Tongan Tapa Cloth. Under the direction of Ping-Ann Addo, The Center’s 2003–04 Scholar-in-Residence, Tongan women tapa-cloth artists from Oakland produced a full-sized (15 ft. …

The Evolution Of Yuzen-Dyeing Techniques And Designs After The Meiji Restoration, Yuko Fukatsu-Fukuoka

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

This paper will explore how the introduction of chemical dyes to Japan influenced the technique and designs of yuzen dyeing. Yuzen-zome, a resist-dyeing technique in which freehand designs were created with multiple colors, developed during the mid-Edo period, at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century. The technique allowed for the creation of large pictorial images, unburdened by the repetitive patterns that characterize most textile techniques. It revolutionized kosode decoration.

Traditional yuzen-zome was a true handcraft, extremely labor intensive and, as a result, very expensive. Only the wealthy could afford kosode patterned in this method. …

Interpreting Social Change And Changing Production Through Examinations Of Textiles Of Xam Nuea And Surin, Charles Carroll

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

This paper explores the transformation of the Lao Xam Nuea style sin muk through two different approaches to the examination of change in practice. In the process, the paper reveals ways in which changing handloom production in Southeast Asia are inextricably embedded within broader changing social practices. The first part of this paper presents an historical and structural analysis of revolutionary migration and technological transformation of the Lao Xam Nuea style sin muk. The analysis examines the adaptation of techniques in the adoption of the Xam Nuea style through the comparison of Vientiane and Xam Nuea sin muk. …

Changes In Nomadic Arab Weaving Due To Outside And Internal Influences, Joy May Hilden

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Centuries of tradition in the weaving of the Bedouin, using sheepswool and goat hair, has changed dramatically in the last fifty years. With the decline of nomadism, due directly and indirectly to the discovery of oil, techniques and products have fallen to disuse or have been transformed with new materials and put to new uses.

Bedouin weaving was formerly used for tents, rugs and animal gear by nomadic Arab tribes in Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Palestine/Israel and Egypt. Lifestyles among and influences on the bedu vary by region, but the decline of nomadism is common to all. …

Indonesian Fashion Designers-----Transformation From Traditional Textiles, Yuka Matsumoto

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Indonesian fashion designers who emerged in the 1970s have been creating various designs through uniting traditional and Western designs in accordance with the cultural policy of the country. Designs uniting traditional culture with Western culture symbolize Indonesia’s hybrid cultural background which consists of various ethnic cultures. In the 1980s, with the development of the economy, Indonesian fashion design was presented globally. But since 1997, because of the Asian economic crisis and the collapse of Soeharto’s administration, Indonesian designers have begun to present their designs to domestic consumers who have become aware and appreciative of the rich creative potential of this …

Cultural Authentication And Fashion In The Global Factory: A Panel Of Four Papers, Hazel A. Lutz

Textile Society of America: Symposium Proceedings

Erekosima and Eicher (1981) first published a cultural authentication (CA) analysis. Of the Kalabaris’ adoption of Indian madras cloth, they asked four questions. Selection: how was the new cloth selected by society members? Characterization: what is the adopted cloth now called? Incorporation: how has the cloth’s use changed vis-à-vis categories of persons who wear it, occasions of wear, and its meaning? Transformation: how has the cloth been physically transformed?

Lutz (2003) incorporated the four CA questions into her study of the producers and traders of Indian cloth exported to the now transnational Kalabari market. She found …

Differential Parasitism Of Seed-Feeding Cydia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) By Native And Alien Wasp Species Relative To Elevation In Subalpine Sophora (Fabaceae) Forests On Mauna Kea, Hawaii, Peter T. Oboyski, John W. Slotterback, Paul C. Banko

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Alien parasitic wasps, including accidental introductions and purposefully released biological control agents, have been implicated in the decline of native Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Understanding the potential impacts of alien wasps requires knowledge of ecological parameters that influence parasitism rates for species in their new environment. Sophora seed-feeding Cydia spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were surveyed for larval parasitoids to determine how native and alien wasps are partitioned over an elevation gradient (2200–2800 m) on Hawaii Island, Hawaii. Parasitism rate of native Euderus metallicus (Eulophidae) increased with increased elevation, while parasitism rate by immigrant Calliephialtes grapholithae (Ichneumonidae) decreased. Parasitism by Pristomerus hawaiiensis (Ichneumonidae), origins …

Developmental Disruption Of Thyroid Hormone: Correlations With Hearing Dysfunction In Rats, K. M. Crofton

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

A wide variety of environmental contaminants adversely affect thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis. Hypothyroidism and/or hypothyroxinemia during the early postnatal period in the rat leads to permanent structural damage and loss of function in the cochlea. A major uncertainty in assessing the risks of developmental exposure to thyroid-disrupting chemicals (TDCs) is the lack of a clear characterization of the dose-response relationship, especially in the lower region, between disruption of hormones and adverse consequences. The current work correlated early postnatal hypothyroxinemia with hearing loss in the adult rat. Linear regression was performed on the log transform for total serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations …