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2003

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Bubble Dynamics Measurements Using Four-Point Optical Probe, Junli Xue, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, M. P. Dudukovic, R. F. Mudde Jan 2003

Bubble Dynamics Measurements Using Four-Point Optical Probe, Junli Xue, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, M. P. Dudukovic, R. F. Mudde

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

By Conducting an Analysis of the Measurement Errors It Was Found that Bubble Dynamics Obtained by Two-Point Probes Can Be Highly Inaccurate. a Four-Point Optical Probe with Appropriate Data Processing Algorithm Has Been Developed So that the Bubble Velocity Vector Can Be Obtained. This Probe Provides Directly the Value of Specific Gas-Liquid Interfacial Area. However, for Obtaining Accurate Values of Bubble Velocity and Size, the Four-Point Probe Must Be Calibrated by a CCD Camera at the Same Conditions. Calibration Columns Have Been Developed for This Purpose Where the Bubble Size and Velocity Can Be Varied to Calibrate the Measurements by …

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The Use Of Rewards To Increase And Decrease Trust: Mediating Processes And Differential Effects, Donald L. Ferrin, Kurt T. Dirks Jan 2003

The Use Of Rewards To Increase And Decrease Trust: Mediating Processes And Differential Effects, Donald L. Ferrin, Kurt T. Dirks

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Hypotheses asserting that reward structures - an omnipresent element of the work context - have a strong influence on interpersonal trust are tested, and the cognitive and behavioral routes through which the effects may occur are explored. Specifically, attribution theory is used to identify several core processes including social perception, self-perception, and attributional biases that may explain trust development. A 3 x 2 experimental design in a problem-solving task was used to examine the hypotheses. The results suggest that reward structures have a strong influence on trust, and that the effect is mediated by causal schemas, suspicion effects, and self-perception. …

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Instance Based Attribute Identification In Database Integration, Ee Peng Lim, Cecil Chua, Roger Hsiang-Li Chiang Jan 2003

Instance Based Attribute Identification In Database Integration, Ee Peng Lim, Cecil Chua, Roger Hsiang-Li Chiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Most research on attribute identification in database integration has focused on integrating attributes using schema and summary information derived from the attribute values. No research has attempted to fully explore the use of attribute values to perform attribute identification. We propose an attribute identification method that employs schema and summary instance information as well as properties of attributes derived from their instances. Unlike other attribute identification methods that match only single attributes, our method matches attribute groups for integration. Because our attribute identification method fully explores data instances, it can identify corresponding attributes to be integrated even when schema information …

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Trading Agents Competing: Performance, Progress And Market Effectiveness, Michael P. Wellman, Shih-Fen Cheng, Daniel M. Reeves, Kevin M. Lochner Jan 2003

Trading Agents Competing: Performance, Progress And Market Effectiveness, Michael P. Wellman, Shih-Fen Cheng, Daniel M. Reeves, Kevin M. Lochner

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The annual trading agent competition offers agent designers a forum for evaluating programmed trading techniques in a challenging market scenario. TAC aims to spur research by enabling researchers to compare techniques on a common problem and build on each other's ideas. A fixed set of assumptions and environment settings facilitates communication of methods and results. As a multiyear event, TAC lets researchers observe trading agents' progress over time, in effect accelerating the evolution of an adapted population of traders. Given all the participant effort invested, it is incumbent on us to learn as much from the experience as possible. After …

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Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams At End Supports, M. W. Holesapple, Roger A. Laboube Jan 2003

Web Crippling Of Cold-Formed Steel Beams At End Supports, M. W. Holesapple, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This investigation focused on the effects of overhang length on the web crippling capacity of cold-formed steel members. the current design recommendations in North America do not provide for an increase in web crippling capacity for end-one-flange loading when an overhang is present beyond the end support. the test specimens used for the investigation were single web C-sections and Z-sections. the current design requirements for end-one-flange web crippling capacity were found to be conservative for overhang lengths ranging from 0.5 h to 1.5 h , where h is the web depth. However, the design practice that permits the application of …

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The Integrated Networks Model: Explaining Resource Allocations In Networked Markets, Judy K. Frels, Tasadduq Shervani, Rajendra Kumar Srivastava Jan 2003

The Integrated Networks Model: Explaining Resource Allocations In Networked Markets, Judy K. Frels, Tasadduq Shervani, Rajendra Kumar Srivastava

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The last decade has witnessed a shift from a focus on the value created by a single firm and product to an examination of the value created by networks of firms (or product ecosystems) in which assets are comingled with external entities. The authors examine these market-based assets in the context of network markets and propose an Integrated Networks model in which three types of networks—user, complements, and producer—add value or enhance the attractiveness of the associated focal product. The authors empirically test the proposed model by surveying information technology professionals on their resource allocation decisions regarding the Unix and …

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Advances In Mobile Commerce Technologies, Ee Peng Lim, Keng Siau Jan 2003

Advances In Mobile Commerce Technologies, Ee Peng Lim, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

No abstract provided.

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A New Node Centroid Algorithm For Bandwidth Minimization, Brian Rodrigues, F. Xiao, A. Lim Jan 2003

A New Node Centroid Algorithm For Bandwidth Minimization, Brian Rodrigues, F. Xiao, A. Lim

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We propose a Node Centroid method with Hill-Climbing to solve the well-known matrix band-width minimization problem, which is to permute rows and columns of the matrix to minimize its bandwidth. Many heuristics have been developed for this NP-complete problem including the Cuthill-McKee (CM) and the Gibbs, Poole and Stockmeyer (GPS) algorithms. Recently, heuristics such as Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search and GRASP have been used, where Tabu Search and the GRASP with Path Relinking have achieved significantly better solution quality than the CM and GPS algorithms. Experimentation shows that the Node Centroid method achieves the best solution quality when compared with …

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Are All Rivals Affected Equally By Bond Rating Downgrades?, Gary L. Caton, Jeremy Goh Jan 2003

Are All Rivals Affected Equally By Bond Rating Downgrades?, Gary L. Caton, Jeremy Goh

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We use revisions in analysts' earnings forecasts to examine how the bad news associated with a bond rating downgrade gets transferred from the downgraded company to its rivals. In general, we find that stock analysts revise their earnings expectations downward for rivals of companies with downgraded debt. However, the significance of the revision is limited to rivals of downgraded companies with non-investment grade debt only. For the rivals of companies with investment grade debt, we find no significant forecast revisions. We hypothesize that this differential impact is due to differing levels of market visibility. This is consistent with our finding …

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Zhong Hui’S Laozi Commentary And The Debate On Capacity And Nature In Third-Century China, Alan Kam Leung Chan Jan 2003

Zhong Hui’S Laozi Commentary And The Debate On Capacity And Nature In Third-Century China, Alan Kam Leung Chan

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Zhong Hui (a.d. 225-264) was a major, albeit neglected figure in third-century Chinese intellectual history. Author of a Laozi com mentary, a work on the relationship between "capacity" (cai yf) and "nature" (xing f-fe), two treatises on the Yijing HH, and other writings, Zhong Hui played a significant role in the development of xuanxue -P (learning of the mysterious Dao), which, as is well known, came into prominence during the Zhengshi JEin reign (240-249) of the Wei H dy nasty (220-265) and dominated the Chinese intellectual scene well into the sixth century Zhong Hui was highly regarded by his contemporaries …

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A Transformational Model Of Legal-Claiming, B. M. Goldman, R. Cropanzano, Elizabeth Layne Paddock Jan 2003

A Transformational Model Of Legal-Claiming, B. M. Goldman, R. Cropanzano, Elizabeth Layne Paddock

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

No abstract provided.

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Multilevel Inverter-Based Dual-Frequency Power Supply, B. Diong, Keith Corzine, S. Basireddy, Shuai Lu Jan 2003

Multilevel Inverter-Based Dual-Frequency Power Supply, B. Diong, Keith Corzine, S. Basireddy, Shuai Lu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Most existing power supplies for induction heating equipment produce voltage at a single (adjustable) frequency. Recently, however, induction heating power supplies that produce voltage at two (adjustable) frequencies simultaneously have been introduced and commercialized. These represent a significant development particularly for heat-treating workpieces with uneven geometries, such as gears. Still, the existing approaches to dual-frequency voltage generation could be improved upon to achieve better control, higher efficiency, and reduced electromagnetic interference. This letter proposes the use of multilevel inverters for providing power at two frequencies simultaneously. It describes how the stepping angles for the desired output from such inverters can …

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Electrochemical And Hydrodynamic Interferences On The Performance Of An Oxygen Microsensor With Built-In Electrochemical Microactuator, Chang-Soo Kim, Chae-Hyang Lee Jan 2003

Electrochemical And Hydrodynamic Interferences On The Performance Of An Oxygen Microsensor With Built-In Electrochemical Microactuator, Chang-Soo Kim, Chae-Hyang Lee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An in situ self-diagnostic technique for a dissolved oxygen microsensor is proposed in an effort to devise an intelligent microsensor system with an integrated electro-chemical actuation electrode. With a built-in platinum microelectrode that surrounds the microsensor, two kinds of microenvironments (oxygen-saturated or oxygen-depleted phases) can be created by water electrolysis depending on the polarity. The functionality of the microsensor can be checked during these microenvironment phases. The polarographic oxygen microsensor is fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate (Kapton/sup ©/) and the influences of electrochemical and hydrodynamic conditions on the sensor responses have been investigated.

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Introduction, Mohammad H. Fadel Jan 2003

Introduction, Mohammad H. Fadel

Fordham International Law Journal

Fordham International Law Journal's special issue on Islamic law includes articles that present a broad variety of themes, from the historical to the contemporary, from the philosophical to the empirical, and from the theoretical to the practical. In light of the generally poor understanding of Islamic law among American lawyers, one can only hope that a publication such as this succeeds in generating greater intellectual curiosity about Islamic law among readers of American law journals. The authors hope that this collection of Articles will lead to renewed interest in Islamic law and theology as intellectually gratifying topics of inquiry in …

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Islam And The Challenge Of Democratic Commitment, Dr. Khaled Abou El-Fadl Jan 2003

Islam And The Challenge Of Democratic Commitment, Dr. Khaled Abou El-Fadl

Fordham International Law Journal

The author questions whether concurrent and simultaneous moral and normative commitments to Islam and to a democratic form of government are reconcilable or mutually exclusive. The author will argue in this Article that it is indeed possible to reconcile Islam with a commitment in favor of democracy. The author will then present a systematic exploration of Islamic theology and law as it relates to a democratic system of government, and in this context, address the various elements within Islamic belief and practice that promote, challenge, or hinder the emergence of an ideological commitment in favor of democracy. In many ways, …

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"Interest" And The Paradox Of Contemporary Islamic Law And Finance, Mahmoud A. El-Gamal Jan 2003

"Interest" And The Paradox Of Contemporary Islamic Law And Finance, Mahmoud A. El-Gamal

Fordham International Law Journal

In Sections 1 and 2, the article shall provide a brief introduction to various notions of Islamic law as they exist today, as well as the common-law nature of Islamic jurisprudence to establish the possibility of finding a compromise that renders minor modifications of the existing juristic positions coherent. In Sections 3 and 4, the article will provide translations of the entire Azhar Islamic Research Institute (IRI) fatwa, and large excerpts from the Council of the Islamic Jurisprudence Academy's (IJA) rebuttal together with discussions of the juristic backgrounds of each opinion. In Section 5, the author will discuss the ideological …

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An Islamic Perspective On Domestic Violence, Azizah Y. Al-Hibri Jan 2003

An Islamic Perspective On Domestic Violence, Azizah Y. Al-Hibri

Fordham International Law Journal

In this Article, the author addresses the traditional Islamic view of domestic violence. To understand the Islamic perspective on domestic violence, the author will explore the Islamic view of gender relations, especially within the family. This view is rooted in the Qur'an, which is examined in this Article.

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Judicial Activism Of The Shari'ah Appeals Court In Israel (1994 - 2001): Rise And Crisis, Dr. Moussa Abou Ramadan Jan 2003

Judicial Activism Of The Shari'ah Appeals Court In Israel (1994 - 2001): Rise And Crisis, Dr. Moussa Abou Ramadan

Fordham International Law Journal

The main thesis of this Article is that after 1994, with the nomination of new qadis to the Shari‘ah Court, a process of judicial activism began, which continues until this day. This process has been characterized by the qadis' attempts to strengthen the position of the Shari‘ah Appeals Court. In some fields the qadis' activism has been more successful than in others. Recently however, it seems that the Shari‘ah system is undergoing a crisis. The author will analyze the actions of the Shari‘ah Appeals Court on several parallel levels: (1) the strengthening of its position compared with those of the …

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Martyrdom, Suicide, And The Islamic Law Of War: A Short Legal History, Bernard K. Freamon Jan 2003

Martyrdom, Suicide, And The Islamic Law Of War: A Short Legal History, Bernard K. Freamon

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article is concerned with one key aspect of the law of the military jihad: the Islamic concept of martyrdom [shahada or istishhad]. This Article will demonstrate that the current Islamist financing and systematic organization and direction of self-annihilatory acts of violence is only weakly supported, if at all, by the classical sources on martyrdom in Islamic law and jurisprudence. The Article will show that current justifications for self-annihilatory violence are instead the result of a major reinterpretation of the theology and religious law on martyrdom and the military jihad advanced by Shi'ite theologians and jurists in Iraq and Iran …

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Penumbras, Privacy, And The Death Of Morals-Based Legislation: Comparing U.S. Constitutional Law With The Inherent Right Of Privacy In Islamic Jurisprudence, Seema Saifee Jan 2003

Penumbras, Privacy, And The Death Of Morals-Based Legislation: Comparing U.S. Constitutional Law With The Inherent Right Of Privacy In Islamic Jurisprudence, Seema Saifee

Fordham International Law Journal

In an effort to separate the Islamic regulatory scheme with respect to the criminalization of consensual sexual conduct from the caricature espoused by many Western thinkers, this Note provides a comparative analysis of the criminalization of private consensual sexual conduct in Islamic law and U.S. constitutional jurisprudence on the right of privacy. Part I provides a brief background of Islamic and U.S. criminal regulations on consensual sex and outlines the evolution of constitutional privacy jurisprudence in the U.S. Supreme Court. Part II first examines the evidentiary and procedural requirements pertaining to the criminalization of consensual sexual intercourse in Islamic law, …

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Secession From The European Union: Checking Out Of The Proverbial "Cockroach Motel", Raymond J. Friel Jan 2003

Secession From The European Union: Checking Out Of The Proverbial "Cockroach Motel", Raymond J. Friel

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article examines the likelihood of secession from the Union and whether or not it legally possible. It asks what process would have to be invoked and examines the role and function of a European army in secession and whether such an army may be called upon to intervene to prevent secession. This Article, finally, looks at the current proposals being discussed in regards to reforming the Union.

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Introducing Eu Competition Law And Policy In Central And Eastern Europe: Requirements In Theory And Problems In Practice, Frank Emmert Jan 2003

Introducing Eu Competition Law And Policy In Central And Eastern Europe: Requirements In Theory And Problems In Practice, Frank Emmert

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article gives an overview of the requirements that must be fulfilled before a Central and Eastern European Country ("CEEC") can truly claim to be willing and able to apply the acquis communautaire in the field of competition law and policy and thus to be ready for full membership in the European Union ("EU").

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Enlargement Of The European Union – The Discrepancy Between Membership Obligations And Accession Conditions As Regards The Protection Of Minorities, Christophe Hillion Jan 2003

Enlargement Of The European Union – The Discrepancy Between Membership Obligations And Accession Conditions As Regards The Protection Of Minorities, Christophe Hillion

Fordham International Law Journal

This Article will focus on one particular accession condition that is illustrative of this phenomenon, namely, the protection of minorities. The Copenhagen criteria encompass the "respect for and protection of minorities" as one of the conditions for acceding to the Union, but the Treaty on European Union ("TEU") does not explicitly mention the protection of minorities as one of the EU's principles, objectives, or competences. It is argued that the question of minority rights could find its way onto the EU internal policy agenda not only as a concern of various new Member States, but also as an unintended consequence …

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A New Perspective, Volume 27 Jan 2003

A New Perspective, Volume 27

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Fundamental Facets Of The United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement: E-Commerce, Dispute Resolution, And Beyond, Mohammad Nsour Jan 2003

Fundamental Facets Of The United States-Jordan Free Trade Agreement: E-Commerce, Dispute Resolution, And Beyond, Mohammad Nsour

Fordham International Law Journal

Part I of this Article discusses e-commerce in the U.S.-Jordan FTA. Part I begins with definitions of basic issues in the e-commerce regime, such as electronic signatures. Thereafter, Part I highlights the ways in which some of the important international regimes have dealt with e-commerce, as in the GATS. Finally, and most importantly, Part I will provide a legal analysis of issues related to e-commerce, which are mentioned in the U.S.-Jordan Joint Statement on E-Commerce, such as privacy. Due to the fact that the World Trade Organization's ("WTO") dispute settlement system is the dominant one for trade disputes, Part II …

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Regulation Without Borders: The Impact Of Sarbanes-Oxley On European Companies, Maria Camilla Cardilli Jan 2003

Regulation Without Borders: The Impact Of Sarbanes-Oxley On European Companies, Maria Camilla Cardilli

Fordham International Law Journal

The purpose of this study is to: (i) outline the key provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley, highlighting the aspects of the Act which are most likely to impact European companies as well as their officers and directors; (ii) point out the provisions of the Act which conflict with EU national laws; and (iii) illustrate the key points of the proposed European reform of corporate governance, as formulated on November 4, 2002 by the High Level Group of Company Law Experts appointed by the European Commission.

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A Consumer's Dream Or Pandora's Box: Is Arbitration A Viable Option For Cross-Border Consumer Disputes?, Donna M. Bates Jan 2003

A Consumer's Dream Or Pandora's Box: Is Arbitration A Viable Option For Cross-Border Consumer Disputes?, Donna M. Bates

Fordham International Law Journal

This Note discusses current consumer arbitration policies and analyzes whether traditional arbitration is adequate to address consumer disputes in the new cross-border shopping environment. Part I discusses the importance of consumer protection and reviews the consumer arbitration regimes of the United States and the European Union. Part II discusses the criticisms of the current policies toward consumer arbitration in the United States and the European Union. Part II also highlights the unique problems of consumer dispute resolution in cross-border transactions and raises some concerns unique to dispute resolution on the Internet. Part III concludes that traditional arbitration systems are not …

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Law "Of Our Own Style": The Evolution And Challenges Of The North Korean Legal System, Patricia Goedde Jan 2003

Law "Of Our Own Style": The Evolution And Challenges Of The North Korean Legal System, Patricia Goedde

Fordham International Law Journal

In this Essay, I first briefly present theoretical contexts that may aid in defining the North Korean legal system. Next, I trace the evolution of the North Korean legal system by examining the North Korean reaction to various legal influences of the Japanese occupation, Soviet tutelage, and traditional Korean practices, and outline the current politico-legal structure. In the final section, I inquire whether the North Korean legal structure can accommodate a different legal system necessitating rule-of-law requirements, as applied to its foreign investment regime and, perhaps some day, nationwide. Although the main purpose of this Essay is to introduce the …

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The Challenges Of Attracting Foreign Investment Into North Korea: The Legal Regimes Of Sinuiju And Gaeseong, Joongi Kim Jan 2003

The Challenges Of Attracting Foreign Investment Into North Korea: The Legal Regimes Of Sinuiju And Gaeseong, Joongi Kim

Fordham International Law Journal

Though still in its infant stages, the process of establishing the Sinuiju Special Administrative Region and the Gaeseong Industrial Complex heralds a tremendous paradigm shift on the part of North Korea. This Essay will seek to analyze the comprehensive legal structure that North Korea has adopted for these regions. It will seek to offer a glimpse into the future of how North Korea will establish similar economic zones throughout the country and, eventually, a market-based economic system across the entire country. This Essay will first offer an overview of the impetus behind North Korea's efforts to develop Sinuiju and Gaeseong. …

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The Legal Development Of The Environmental Policy In The Democratic People's Republic Of Korea, Sangmin Nam Jan 2003

The Legal Development Of The Environmental Policy In The Democratic People's Republic Of Korea, Sangmin Nam

Fordham International Law Journal

Credited with transforming North Korea into a green and livable people's land due to his environmental vision, Kim Il Sung often pointed out serious environmental degradation, such as air pollution in industrial cities, water pollution, and deforestation. Eventually, the leadership turned to laws for better implementation of environmental protection. In explaining this law-making process, this Essay first discusses the understanding and interpretation of the environment in the DPRK. It is critical to discuss North Korean leaders' perceptions of the environment because their interpretation precedes the decisions and laws of the Cabinet and the Korean Workers' Party. After discussing the failings …

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