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2003

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The Expectations Of Consumers, Douglas A. Kysar Nov 2003

The Expectations Of Consumers, Douglas A. Kysar

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

In the few years following promulgation of the Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability, several courts have reaffirmed their allegiance to the consumer expectations test for product design defect liability, while rejecting the Restatement's contrary recommendation to adopt a design defect test that focuses primarily on technical features regarding the risk and utility of alternative product designs. In this Article, Professor Kysar reviews the post-Third Restatement decisions, identifying within them a common failure to articulate a coherent, independent doctrinal role for the consumer expectations test, despite the courts' clearly expressed desire to do so. In Kysar's view, courts adhering to …

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Model Comparisons Using Information Measures, C. Mitchell Dayton Nov 2003

Model Comparisons Using Information Measures, C. Mitchell Dayton

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Methodologists have criticized the use of significance tests in the behavioral sciences but have failed to provide alternative data analysis strategies that appeal to applied researchers. For purposes of comparing alternate models for data, information-theoretic measures such as Akaike AIC have advantages in comparison with significance tests. Model-selection procedures based on a min(AIC) strategy, for example, are holistic rather than dependent upon a series of sometimes contradictory binary (accept/reject) decisions.

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Alphabet Letter Recognition And Emergent Literacy Abilities Of Rising Kindergarten Children Living In Low-Income Families, Stephanie Wehry Nov 2003

Alphabet Letter Recognition And Emergent Literacy Abilities Of Rising Kindergarten Children Living In Low-Income Families, Stephanie Wehry

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Alphabet letter recognition item responses from 1,299 rising kindergarten children from low-income families were used to determine the dimensionality of letter recognition ability. The rising kindergarteners were enrolled in preschool classrooms implementing a research-based early literary curriculum. Item responses from the TERA-3 subtests were also analyzed. Results indicated alphabet letter recognition was unitary. The ability of boys and younger children was less than girls and older children. Child-level letter recognition was highly associated with TERA-3 measures of letter knowledge and conventions of print. Classroom-level mean letter recognition ability accounted for most of variance in classroom mean TERA-3 scores.

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Conventional And Robust Paired And Independent-Samples T Tests: Type I Error And Power Rates, Katherine Fradette, H. J. Keselman, Lisa Lix, James Algina, Rand R. Wilcox Nov 2003

Conventional And Robust Paired And Independent-Samples T Tests: Type I Error And Power Rates, Katherine Fradette, H. J. Keselman, Lisa Lix, James Algina, Rand R. Wilcox

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Monte Carlo methods were used to examine Type I error and power rates of 2 versions (conventional and robust) of the paired and independent-samples t tests under nonnormality. The conventional (robust) versions employed least squares means and variances (trimmed means and Winsorized variances) to test for differences between groups.

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Jmasm9: Converting Kendall’S Tau For Correlational Or Meta-Analytic Analyses, David A. Walker Nov 2003

Jmasm9: Converting Kendall’S Tau For Correlational Or Meta-Analytic Analyses, David A. Walker

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Expanding on past research, this study provides researchers with a detailed table for use in meta-analytic applications when engaged in assorted examinations of various r-related statistics, such as Kendall’s tau (τ) and Cohen’s d, that estimate the magnitude of experimental or observational effect. A program to convert from the lesser-used tau coefficient to other effect size indices when conducting correlational or meta-analytic analyses is presented.

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P* Index Of Segregation: Distribution Under Reassignment, Charles F. Bond, F. D. Richard Nov 2003

P* Index Of Segregation: Distribution Under Reassignment, Charles F. Bond, F. D. Richard

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Students of intergroup relations have measured segregation with a P* index. In this article, we describe the distribution of this index under a stochastic model. We derive exact, closed-form expressions for the mean, variance, and skewness of P* under random segregation. These yield equivalent expressions for a second segregation index: η2. Our analytic results reveal some of the distributional properties of these indices, inform new standardizations of the indices, and enable small-sample significance testing. Two illustrative examples are presented.

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Example Of The Impact Of Weights And Design Effects On Contingency Tables And Chi-Square Analysis, David A. Walker, Denise Y. Young Nov 2003

Example Of The Impact Of Weights And Design Effects On Contingency Tables And Chi-Square Analysis, David A. Walker, Denise Y. Young

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Many national data sets used in educational research are not based on simple random sampling schemes, but instead are constructed using complex sampling designs characterized by multi-stage cluster sampling and over-sampling of some groups. Incorrect results are obtained from statistical analysis if adjustments are not made for the sampling design. This study demonstrates how the use of weights and design effects impact the results of contingency tables and chi-square analysis of data from complex sampling designs.

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Statistical Pronouncements Ii, Jmasm Editors Nov 2003

Statistical Pronouncements Ii, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

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Type I Error Rates Of Four Methods For Analyzing Data Collected In A Groups Vs Individuals Design, Stephanie Wehry, James Algina Nov 2003

Type I Error Rates Of Four Methods For Analyzing Data Collected In A Groups Vs Individuals Design, Stephanie Wehry, James Algina

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Using previous work on the Behrens-Fisher problem, two approximate degrees of freedom tests, that can be used when one treatment is individually administered and one is administered to groups, were developed. Type I error rates are presented for these tests, an additional approximate degrees of freedom test developed by Myers, Dicecco, and Lorch (1981), and a mixed model test. The results indicate that the test that best controls the Type I error rate depends on the number of groups in the group-administered treatment. The mixed model test should be avoided.

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Vol. 2, No. 2 (Full Issue), Jmasm Editors Nov 2003

Vol. 2, No. 2 (Full Issue), Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

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Variable Selection For Poisson Regression Model, Felix Famoye, Daniel E. Rothe Nov 2003

Variable Selection For Poisson Regression Model, Felix Famoye, Daniel E. Rothe

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Poisson regression is useful in modeling count data. In a study with many independent variables, it is desirable to reduce the number of variables while maintaining a model that is useful for prediction. This article presents a variable selection technique for Poisson regression models. The data used is log-linear, but the methods could be adapted to other relationships. The model parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. The use of measures of goodness-of-fit to select appropriate variables is discussed. A forward selection algorithm is presented and illustrated on a numerical data set. This algorithm performs as well if …

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Bootstrapping Confidence Intervals For Robust Measures Of Association, Jason E. King Nov 2003

Bootstrapping Confidence Intervals For Robust Measures Of Association, Jason E. King

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A Monte Carlo simulation study compared four bootstrapping procedures in generating confidence intervals for the robust Winsorized and percentage bend correlations. Results revealed the superior resiliency of the robust correlations over r, with neither outperforming the other. Unexpectedly, the bootstrapping procedures achieved roughly equivalent outcomes for each correlation.

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Letters To The Editor, Jmasm Editors Nov 2003

Letters To The Editor, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

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Alcohol And Anxiety: Subtle And Obvious Attributes Of Abuse In Adults With Social Anxiety Disorder And Panic Disorder, Lindsay S. Ham, Debra A. Hope Nov 2003

Alcohol And Anxiety: Subtle And Obvious Attributes Of Abuse In Adults With Social Anxiety Disorder And Panic Disorder, Lindsay S. Ham, Debra A. Hope

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Previous research has found a relation between social anxiety disorder and alcoholism, but recent work found no differences in drinking levels among socially anxious individuals, dysthymics, and normal controls. Using a more sophisticated measure of substance abuse may further explicate the relation between social anxiety and drinking. We examined aspects of substance abuse in treatment-seeking individuals with social anxiety disorder or panic disorder (psychiatric control group) as well as nondisordered individuals (normal control group). We used the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory–3 because it includes both face valid and subtle items to control for social desirability. Contrary to the hypotheses, …

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Ua11/1 Echo, November, Wku Public Affairs Nov 2003

Ua11/1 Echo, November, Wku Public Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

A born digital magazine once delivered over the internet was a continuation of the Echo publication.

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Volume 10, Number 2 (Fall 2003), Peace And Conflict Studies Nov 2003

Volume 10, Number 2 (Fall 2003), Peace And Conflict Studies

Peace and Conflict Studies

No abstract provided.

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The Influence Of Music On Preferred Intensity And Associated Physiological Responses, David Nuckols Nov 2003

The Influence Of Music On Preferred Intensity And Associated Physiological Responses, David Nuckols

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Music is a part of everyday life and has an effect on people in many different ways. Music can be as individual as the person who listens to it, and thus there are many genres for many different tastes. Music has accompanied exercise and sport for quite some time. It has been shown to have varying psychophysical effects including decreasing ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) at a given sub-max intensity, enhancing arousal control, and affective states at high and medium intensities. Also the improved synchronization of sub-maximal exercise with music may result in increased work output. The proposed ability of …

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The Role Of Artistic Processes In Peace-Building In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Craig Zelizer Nov 2003

The Role Of Artistic Processes In Peace-Building In Bosnia-Herzegovina, Craig Zelizer

Peace and Conflict Studies

Throughout the world, community arts-based processes have become an essential component of peacebuilding work in societies experiencing severe conflicts. Both during a conflict and in post-conflict peacebuilding efforts, community based arts processes can be an especially effective tool to bring together identity groups through sharing common cultural experiences, raising awareness about past suffering, and engaging communities in creative projects. In this research project, the author spent fourteen months in Bosnia-Herzegovina researching the use of community arts-based peacebuilding efforts both during the war and in the post-conflict stage. This paper provides an overview of the research and offers several conclusions on …

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Fall 2003, Graduate School Of Humanities & Social Sciences Nov 2003

Fall 2003, Graduate School Of Humanities & Social Sciences

CAHSS Graduate SGA Dialogues

No abstract provided.

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Political Correctness Today, Joseph Ellin Nov 2003

Political Correctness Today, Joseph Ellin

Center for the Study of Ethics in Society Papers

Paper presented to the Center of the Study of Ethics in Society Western Michigan University, November 14th, 2003.

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Ua35/1 Doers & Deeds, Volume 2, Issue 2, Wku Provost Nov 2003

Ua35/1 Doers & Deeds, Volume 2, Issue 2, Wku Provost

WKU Administration Documents

Newsletter created by the WKU Provost & Vice President of Academic Affairs to highlight the activities of faculty, staff and alumni.

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The Way Of Suicide, Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia, Or Evangelium Vitae's Way Of Mercy And Compassion?, Brigid Vout Nov 2003

The Way Of Suicide, Assisted Suicide And Euthanasia, Or Evangelium Vitae's Way Of Mercy And Compassion?, Brigid Vout

The Linacre Quarterly

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Environmental Measures On Intelligence In Young Children: Growth Curve Modeling Of Longitudinal Data, K. A. Espy, Victoria J. Molfese, L. Dilalla Nov 2003

Effects Of Environmental Measures On Intelligence In Young Children: Growth Curve Modeling Of Longitudinal Data, K. A. Espy, Victoria J. Molfese, L. Dilalla

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

Examined the effects of different environmental measures on individual intellectual growth patterns in 105 young children participating in a longitudinal study. Intelligence (Stanford-Binet, 4th edition) was measured at ages 3 through 6 yrs, and child's environment was assessed at age 3 years using SES data and scores on the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Inventory. Growth curve analyses revealed that HOME scores exerted a constant influence on the expected composite, verbal, and nonverbal intellectual skills at each age. Only SES influenced the rate of growth, specifically nonverbal intellectual skills. The magnitudes of these effects were moderate, but …

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Understanding And Confronting Species Uncertainty In Biology And Conservation, Jody Hey, Robin Waples, Michael L. Arnold, Roger K. Butlin, Richard G. Harrison Nov 2003

Understanding And Confronting Species Uncertainty In Biology And Conservation, Jody Hey, Robin Waples, Michael L. Arnold, Roger K. Butlin, Richard G. Harrison

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Recent essays on the species problem have emphasized the commonality that many species concepts have with basic evolutionary theory. Although true, such consensus fails to address the nature of the ambiguity that is associated with species-related research. We argue that biologists who endure the species problem can benefit from a synthesis in which individual taxonomic species are used as hypotheses of evolutionary entities. We discuss two sources of species uncertainty: one that is a semantic confusion, and a second that is caused by the inherent uncertainty of evolutionary entities. The former can be dispelled with careful communication, whereas the latter …

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Societal Stability And Political Reform : Chinese Politics In The 1990s, Yiu Chung Wong Nov 2003

Societal Stability And Political Reform : Chinese Politics In The 1990s, Yiu Chung Wong

CAPS Working Paper Series

On 28 September 1995, Jiang Zemin delivered one of the most important speeches in his tenure as the General Secretary of the CCP in the Fifth Plenum of 14th CCP Congress, which is entitled “To Handle Correctly Certain Relationships in the Process of Socialist Modernization Construction”. On the top of the agenda was the relationships between reform, development and stability. To him, reform, in particular economic reform, must be pursued; development is the enhancing of national strength and stability is the pre-condition of development. Indeed, it is the equilibrium of these three sets of relationships that the CCP leadership strove …

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Ifc, Safeguard Policies Gap Analysis, By J. Thorpe, Sustainability, Nov. 2003, Jodie Thorpe, Seb Beloe, Philippa Moore, Peter Zollinger Nov 2003

Ifc, Safeguard Policies Gap Analysis, By J. Thorpe, Sustainability, Nov. 2003, Jodie Thorpe, Seb Beloe, Philippa Moore, Peter Zollinger

IFC E&S Performance Standards

No abstract provided.

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Book Reviews, Parameters Editors Nov 2003

Book Reviews, Parameters Editors

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

No abstract provided.

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2003 Vol. 52 No. 3, Cleveland-Marshall College Of Law Nov 2003

2003 Vol. 52 No. 3, Cleveland-Marshall College Of Law

2000s

No abstract provided.

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Children And Poverty In The Rural South, Rosalind P. Harris, Julie N. Zimmerman Nov 2003

Children And Poverty In The Rural South, Rosalind P. Harris, Julie N. Zimmerman

Policy

No abstract provided.

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Reforming Elementary Science Teacher Preparation: What About Extant Teaching Beliefs?, Julie A. Thomas, Jon E. Pedersen Nov 2003

Reforming Elementary Science Teacher Preparation: What About Extant Teaching Beliefs?, Julie A. Thomas, Jon E. Pedersen

Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education: Faculty Publications

A common maxim in the educational profession is that one teaches the way one is taught. Indications are that preservice teachers' beliefs, attitudes, and practices may be linked to previous experiences. Calderhead and Robson (1991) underscored this concern by asserting that teachers use good teachers as models for developing their own images as teachers. Others have argued that the images held by teachers are used as frames of reference for their own teaching practices. In this article, preservice teachers' perceptions of themselves as science teachers are examined. The assertion is made that a long history of stereotypical science learning experiences—in …

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