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2003

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The Supreme Court's Indian Law Decisions: Deviations From Constitutional Principles And The Crafting Of Judicial Smallpox Blankets, Gloria Valencia-Weber Jan 2003

The Supreme Court's Indian Law Decisions: Deviations From Constitutional Principles And The Crafting Of Judicial Smallpox Blankets, Gloria Valencia-Weber

Faculty Scholarship

The first section discusses sovereignty and the sources for foundational principles that pertain to the relationships among tribes, the states, and the federal government. The sources are the documented discourse and covenants of the constitutional evolution, the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union (Articles), and the Constitution of 1787 as they developed state jurisdiction related to Indian matters. Second, the paper discusses the colonial period and reality versus the fictions or myths of discovery and conquest. Third, the paper covers the conflict and unity in the pre-Revolutionary period. Fourth, the paper considers the Articles as the first U.S. model to …

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Complete Analysis Of The B‐Cell Response To A Protein Antigen, From In Vivo Germinal Centre Formation To 3‐D Modelling Of Affinity Maturation, Cl Adams, Mkl Macleod, Milner‐White E James, R Aitken, P Garside, Di Stott Jan 2003

Complete Analysis Of The B‐Cell Response To A Protein Antigen, From In Vivo Germinal Centre Formation To 3‐D Modelling Of Affinity Maturation, Cl Adams, Mkl Macleod, Milner‐White E James, R Aitken, P Garside, Di Stott

Peninsula Medical School

SummarySomatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin variable region genes occurs within germinal centres (GCs) and is the process responsible for affinity maturation of antibodies during an immune response. Previous studies have focused almost exclusively on the immune response to haptens, which may be unrepresentative of epitopes on protein antigens. In this study, we have exploited a model system that uses transgenic B and CD4+ T cells specific for hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and a chicken ovalbumin peptide, respectively, to investigate a tightly synchronized immune response to protein antigens of widely differing affinities, thus allowing us to track many facets of the development …

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Connecting Community And School: A Systems Approach, Nichole Kea Zumbach Johnson Jan 2003

Connecting Community And School: A Systems Approach, Nichole Kea Zumbach Johnson

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Making community and school connections is vital as the nation experiences an economic downturn. Financial consideration and collaborative projects are extremely important when beginning a community/school project. However, the common aspect running through any community/school project is communication. The level of communication that must exist for the system to be successful is incredible. This is not an analysis of one theory; instead it is a testament to how communication studies must be utilized, in every aspect, to make the system function as efficiently as possible. Systems theorists present a fitting outline to determine challenges that exist when trying to create …

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Psychosocial Identity Development In College Students With Orthopedic Disabilities: College As Transformation, Kimberly Sue Jolly Jan 2003

Psychosocial Identity Development In College Students With Orthopedic Disabilities: College As Transformation, Kimberly Sue Jolly

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of my research study was to examine the processes of psychosocial identity development of college students with orthopedic disabilities. Using qualitative methods allowed my participants to speak for themselves-something that does not always happen-about their life experiences, many times showing the positive role college attendance played in their lives. Nine individuals participated in my study: three graduate students, one alumnus, and five undergraduates. The experiences they shared with me were looked at individually as well as together. I compared the data to a preliminary model I developed prior to the interviews, through reading and analyzing various minority identity …

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Students’ Perceptions Of Instructor’S Written Feedback: Uncertainty Reduction In The Basic Communication Course, Naoki Kambe Jan 2003

Students’ Perceptions Of Instructor’S Written Feedback: Uncertainty Reduction In The Basic Communication Course, Naoki Kambe

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

This study is an ethnographic examination of a performance-based basic communication course, Oral Communication, at the University of Northern Iowa. During the Fall 2002 semester, I stayed in a lab section as a participant observer. After the semester was over, I conducted in-depth interviews with the selected students and the instructor. I looked at the classroom from an interpersonal perspective. Specifically, I focused on two major topics: students' uncertainty reduction in the classroom and their perceptions of the instructor's written feedback. Through this examination, I found that several important factors affected students' uncertainty reduction and their perceptions. Regarding written feedback, …

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The Use Of Parasites In Discriminating Stocks Of Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus Stenolepis) In The Northeast Pacific, Reginald B. Blaylock, Leo Margolis, John C. Holmes Jan 2003

The Use Of Parasites In Discriminating Stocks Of Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus Stenolepis) In The Northeast Pacific, Reginald B. Blaylock, Leo Margolis, John C. Holmes

Faculty Publications

The use of parasites as indicators of the stock structure of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the northeast Pacific was investigated by using 328 adult (>55 cm fork length) halibut from 15 composite localities ranging from northern California to the northern Bering Sea and 96 juvenile (10-55 cm) halibut from five localities ranging from the northern Queen Charlotte Islands to the Bering Sea. Counts of eight selected parasite species (the juvenile acanthocephalans Corynosoma strumosum and C. villosum, the metacestode Nybelinia surmenicola, the digenean metacercaria Otodistomum sp., and the larval nematodes Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Contracaecum sp., and Spirurid gen. …

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Legislative Voting Record Regarding Independent Pharmacy Ownership In North Dakota, Damian Schlinger Jan 2003

Legislative Voting Record Regarding Independent Pharmacy Ownership In North Dakota, Damian Schlinger

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Prohibiting "Good Faith Reports" Under The Uniform Mediation Act: Keeping The Adjudication Camel Out Of The Mediation Tent, Carol L. Izumi, Homer C. La Rue Jan 2003

Prohibiting "Good Faith Reports" Under The Uniform Mediation Act: Keeping The Adjudication Camel Out Of The Mediation Tent, Carol L. Izumi, Homer C. La Rue

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Introduction: The Utah Restorative Justice Conference, Erik Luna Jan 2003

Introduction: The Utah Restorative Justice Conference, Erik Luna

Utah Law Review

Restorative justice proves to be a fascinating topic and a provocative foil for challenging contemporary crime and punishment in the United States. The Utah Restorative Justice Conference may be the first of its kind in American legal academe, providing a much-needed forum to hash out the arguments for and against restorativism vis-d-vis traditional approaches to the criminal process. As such, the Symposium hopes to inspire further debate on restorative justice, its principles, and its practices. Restorativism certainly has both charms and warts, but given the current state of affairs in criminal courts and correctional facilities across the nation, the potential …

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Restoration, A Component Of Justice, Kathy Elton, Michelle M. Roybal Jan 2003

Restoration, A Component Of Justice, Kathy Elton, Michelle M. Roybal

Utah Law Review

Because of the different orientation to crime and conflict, the mediation process, with its roots in restorative justice, is able to avoid "leav[ing] victims feeling twice victimized," as can happen in the criminal justice system due to its "pre-occupation with offenders. Through their posttrial and postsentence mediated dialogue, it seems victims and offenders are more able to understand an event whose by-products are haunting them, and can then try to move on with their lives. With the storytelling and sense of feeling heard that is typical of victim-offender mediation as a process in pretrial disposition, victims and offenders are able …

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Repairing The Harm: Victims And Restorative Justice, Lawrence W. Sherman, Heather Strang Jan 2003

Repairing The Harm: Victims And Restorative Justice, Lawrence W. Sherman, Heather Strang

Utah Law Review

From a victim perspective, restorative justice has been shown usually to do better than the existing criminal justice system. It has met the burden of proof for benefiting one stakeholder in the process of justice. It might arguably lose that status if it is found that restorative justice also hurts offenders or communities. But in thousands of restorative justice conferences on three continents, no clear evidence has yet emerged that restorative justice has such negative side effects. Given the substantial evidence of unfairness and disrespect in the treatment of victims by criminal justice, restorative justice seems to be in a …

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Reconstructing Professional Roles In Restorative Justice Programs, Susan M. Olsen, Albert W. Dzur Jan 2003

Reconstructing Professional Roles In Restorative Justice Programs, Susan M. Olsen, Albert W. Dzur

Utah Law Review

We begin with a brief introduction to restorative justice norms and practices, followed by an analytical discussion of the roles court and corrections professionals play in the conventional criminal justice system. Next we turn to a more detailed presentation of the restorative justice critique of the criminal justice system and its implications for professional roles. We then introduce two functioning restorative justice programs, "Passages" in Salt Lake City, Utah, and Reparative Probation in Vermont. Moving back and forth between restorative justice theory and our case analysis, we identify patterns in the emerging roles of what we call by the somewhat …

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Cold Comfort: Law And Community In Ethan And Joel Coen's Fargo, Jeanne L. Carriere Jan 2003

Cold Comfort: Law And Community In Ethan And Joel Coen's Fargo, Jeanne L. Carriere

Utah Law Review

Comfort is thus offered in Fargo-to some. The Coens subvert that comfort by making clear that the refuge of Brainerd is available only to those who participate in its normative vision. That normative vision grounds community in a uniformity that extends beyond what is required to preserve the community, such as conformity to its fundamental narrative, to neutral but noticeable traits such as appearance and racial heritage. The Coens offer no redemptive vision by which to transform Brainerd's exclusionary nomos. Marge, who combines keen intellect with sustaining humanity, is the most likely redemptive figure; but the woman who can face …

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Recent Developments In Utah Law, Timothy K. Conde, Christine M. Seaman Jan 2003

Recent Developments In Utah Law, Timothy K. Conde, Christine M. Seaman

Utah Law Review

In First Equity Federal, Inc. v. Phillips Development, L.C.,' the Utah Supreme Court limited the two-dismissal provision of rule 41(a)(1) of the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure. The First Equity court overruled the prior precedent of Thomas v. Heirs of Braffet, which expanded the meaning of a notice of dismissal to include a perfunctory, or ex parte, motion to dismiss. The court subsequently held that the plain language of rule 41(a)(1)5 does not apply to all types of dismissals, but refers exclusively to notices of dismissal and does not apply to motions to dismiss. Thus, after First Equity, a motion …

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Occurrences, Accidents, And Expectations: A Primer Of These (And Some Other) Insurance-Law Concepts, Mark W. Dykes Jan 2003

Occurrences, Accidents, And Expectations: A Primer Of These (And Some Other) Insurance-Law Concepts, Mark W. Dykes

Utah Law Review

The law contains settled methods and presumptions for deciding the content of the human mind. Courts have no trouble applying these techniques in cases requiring proof of manifest intent. Nor do cases that demand proof beyond a reasonable doubt of specific intent cause great difficulty. If the case goes to a jury in either circumstance, that body will be told at some point that it is at least reasonable for the jury to presume that an insured intends the natural and probable consequences of intentionally taken or omitted actions.

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The Liability Reform Act Subsequent To Field V. Boyer Co.: Sounding The Death Knell Of Civil Conspiracy In Utah?, Kristopher S. Kaufman Jan 2003

The Liability Reform Act Subsequent To Field V. Boyer Co.: Sounding The Death Knell Of Civil Conspiracy In Utah?, Kristopher S. Kaufman

Utah Law Review

If the broadened scope of the LRA reaches out and envelopes civil conspiracy, one must question whether civil conspiracy's secondary uses are enough to sustain the doctrine's vitality. In Utah it is unlikely, as civil conspiracy is only documented as being used to connect the passive coconspirators for purposes of collecting damages. Possibly, as in Laxson, apportionment among coconspirators may not pose a significant problem. However, an attorney wellversed in Utah's comparative-fault principles will likely not waste his or her time in pleading a civil conspiracy if the substantial majority of liability will be apportioned back upon the conspirators who …

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Shaken Baby Syndrome: A Questionable Scientific Syndrome And A Dangerous Legal Concept, Genie Lyons Jan 2003

Shaken Baby Syndrome: A Questionable Scientific Syndrome And A Dangerous Legal Concept, Genie Lyons

Utah Law Review

For many years now, attorneys have been willing to prosecute, and juries have been willing to convict, people whose only clearly established mistake was caring for a baby that died. Considering the confused state of the medical evidence surrounding SBS, especially since it appears that shaking cannot harm a baby in the manner that has been described for the last thirty years, we should return to the standard proposed in 1962. That is, people should not be accused of child abuse on the basis of subdural hematoma and retinal hemorrhaging alone. Courts should admit, under Daubert, that evidence showing that …

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Regulating (For The Benefit Of) Future Persons: A Different Perspective On The Fda's Jurisdiction To Regulate Human Reproductive Cloning, Gail H. Javitt, Kathy Hudson Jan 2003

Regulating (For The Benefit Of) Future Persons: A Different Perspective On The Fda's Jurisdiction To Regulate Human Reproductive Cloning, Gail H. Javitt, Kathy Hudson

Utah Law Review

The goal of this Article is modest-to articulate the best argument for the FDA's legal jurisdiction over cloning. The Article argues that the FDA has jurisdiction to regulate cloning as a form of gene therapy. It demonstrates the scientific and regulatory similarities between gene therapy and cloning, and concludes that cloning is the ultimate form of gene therapy, in that it replaces not only one or a few genes but rather the entire genome. Further, the Article provides evidence demonstrating that the FDA has historically viewed its responsibility to assure safety and effectiveness to encompass the evaluation of harms to …

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An Allegory Of Good (And Bad) Governance: Applying The Sarbanes-Oxley Act To Nonprofit Organizations, Wendy K. Szymanski Jan 2003

An Allegory Of Good (And Bad) Governance: Applying The Sarbanes-Oxley Act To Nonprofit Organizations, Wendy K. Szymanski

Utah Law Review

Clearly, change is coming to the nonprofit governance arena. Given the scandals which have shaken the public trust in nonprofits and the overall skeptical view of large organizations in light of the even greater corporate scandals, it seems just as clear that change is in order. Attention must now be paid to ensuring that any reforms are specifically tailored to nonprofit organizations, rather than imposing mere cut-and-paste provisions borrowed from the for-profit sector. It is imperative that any regulations that are promulgated recognize that nonprofits are not similarly situated with the forprofit mega-companies that inspired the Sarbanes-Oxley Act's passage. Any …

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Definition Of A Robustness Metric For Resource Allocation, Shoukat Ali, A. A. Maciejewski, Howard Jay Siegel, Jong-Kook Kim Jan 2003

Definition Of A Robustness Metric For Resource Allocation, Shoukat Ali, A. A. Maciejewski, Howard Jay Siegel, Jong-Kook Kim

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Parallel and distributed systems may operate in an environment that undergoes unpredictable changes causing certain system performance features to degrade. Such systems need robustness to guarantee limited degradation despite fluctuations in the behavior of its component parts or environment. This research investigates the robustness of an allocation of resources to tasks in parallel and distributed systems. The main contributions of this paper are (1) a mathematical description of a metric for the robustness of a resource allocation with respect to desired system performance features against perturbations in system and environmental conditions, and (2) a procedure for deriving a robustness metric …

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Neural Networks Skin Tumor Diagnostic System, Zhao Zhang, William V. Stoecker, Randy Hays Moss Jan 2003

Neural Networks Skin Tumor Diagnostic System, Zhao Zhang, William V. Stoecker, Randy Hays Moss

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, a malignant melanoma diagnostic system is designed using a straightforward neural network with the back-propagation learning algorithm. Eleven features are automatically extracted from skin tumor images. The correct diagnostic rate of this system is better than the average rate of 16 dermatologists who based their diagnosis with only the slide images.

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Probabilistic Neural Networks For Multi-Class Tissue Discrimination With Gene Expression Data, Rui Xu, Donald C. Wunsch Jan 2003

Probabilistic Neural Networks For Multi-Class Tissue Discrimination With Gene Expression Data, Rui Xu, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With the emergence and rapid advancement of DNA microarray technologies, construction of gene expression profiles for different cancer types has already become a promising means for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Most previous research has focused on binary classification. Here, we use a probabilistic neural network (PNN) for multi-classification of cancer data. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the PNN in addressing gene expression data.

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Dual Heuristic Programming Excitation Neurocontrol For Generators In A Multimachine Power System, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley Jan 2003

Dual Heuristic Programming Excitation Neurocontrol For Generators In A Multimachine Power System, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The design of nonlinear optimal neurocontrollers that replace the conventional automatic voltage regulators for excitation control of turbogenerators in a multimachine power system is presented in this paper. The neurocontroller design is based on dual heuristic programming (DHP), a powerful adaptive critic technique. The feedback variables are completely based on local measurements from the generators. Simulations on a three-machine power system demonstrate that DHP-based neurocontrol is much more effective than the conventional proportional-integral-derivative control for improving dynamic performance and stability of the power grid under small and large disturbances. This paper also shows how to design optimal multiple neurocontrollers for …

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Implementation Of Adaptive Critic-Based Neurocontrollers For Turbogenerators In A Multimachine Power System, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley Jan 2003

Implementation Of Adaptive Critic-Based Neurocontrollers For Turbogenerators In A Multimachine Power System, Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy, Donald C. Wunsch, Ronald G. Harley

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the design and practical hardware implementation of optimal neurocontrollers that replace the conventional automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and the turbine governor of turbogenerators on multimachine power systems. The neurocontroller design uses a powerful technique of the adaptive critic design (ACD) family called dual heuristic programming (DHP). The DHP neurocontroller's training and testing are implemented on the Innovative Integration M67 card consisting of the TMS320C6701 processor. The measured results show that the DHP neurocontrollers are robust and their performance does not degrade unlike the conventional controllers even when a power system stabilizer (PSS) is included, for changes in …

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Locating Moving Objects Over Mobile Sensor Network, Arvind Nath Rapaka, Sandeep Bogollu, Donald C. Wunsch, Ravindra Nath Jan 2003

Locating Moving Objects Over Mobile Sensor Network, Arvind Nath Rapaka, Sandeep Bogollu, Donald C. Wunsch, Ravindra Nath

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The purpose of our on going research would be to track entities, which enter their field of vision over the sensor network. Based on their sightings, they maintain a dynamic cache that can be queried by a base station- a stationary orfixed node. Since transmitting messages consumes a lot of energy, as against local processing and moreover the limited energy in sensor node does not allow heavy duty computing, we need to develop algorithms that will ensure efficient computing and minimal transmission without degradation of performance. and also data is stored locally, and memory is finite, the nodes must choose …

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Printed Circuit Board Emi Source Mechanisms, Todd H. Hubing Jan 2003

Printed Circuit Board Emi Source Mechanisms, Todd H. Hubing

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This tutorial paper reviews the basic mechanisms by which signal voltages and currents on a printed circuit board produce unintentional radiated emissions.

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Query-Based Learning For Aerospace Applications, Donald C. Wunsch, Emad W. Saad, J. J. Choi, J. L. Vian Jan 2003

Query-Based Learning For Aerospace Applications, Donald C. Wunsch, Emad W. Saad, J. J. Choi, J. L. Vian

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Models of real-world applications often include a large number of parameters with a wide dynamic range, which contributes to the difficulties of neural network training. Creating the training data set for such applications becomes costly, if not impossible. In order to overcome the challenge, one can employ an active learning technique known as query-based learning (QBL) to add performance-critical data to the training set during the learning phase, thereby efficiently improving the overall learning/generalization. The performance-critical data can be obtained using an inverse mapping called network inversion (discrete network inversion and continuous network inversion) followed by oracle query. This paper …

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The Subcircuit Extraction Problem, Nian Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch, Frank Harary Jan 2003

The Subcircuit Extraction Problem, Nian Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch, Frank Harary

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The steady down scaling of CMOS device dimensions has been the main stimulus to the growth of microelectronics and computer aided very large scale integration (VLSI) design. But the more an integrated circuit (IC) is scaled, the higher its packing density becomes. The increasing size of chips, measured in either area or number of transistors, and the waste of the large capital investment involved in fabricating and testing circuits that do not work, make layout analysis and verification an important part of physical design automation. The most efficient way to overcome these difficulties is to identify a related collection of …

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A Study Of The Probe Induced Disturbances On The Near-Field Measurement, Jin Shi, Richard E. Dubroff, Kevin P. Slattery, Masahiro Yamaguchi, K.-I. Arai Jan 2003

A Study Of The Probe Induced Disturbances On The Near-Field Measurement, Jin Shi, Richard E. Dubroff, Kevin P. Slattery, Masahiro Yamaguchi, K.-I. Arai

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Numerical simulations were used to investigate the disturbance introduced by placing a small magnetic loop probe in the near field of a driven loop. In the absence of the loop probe, the numerical simulations were compared with an approximate closed-form analytical expression for the magnetic field produced by the driven loop. The agreement between the approximate analytical results and the simulation was good. The next set of simulations was based on a physical model that included the probe and showed that the probe does exert an effect on the field being measured. Examples of these simulations and their implications on …

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A Comparison Of Dual Heuristic Programming (Dhp) And Neural Network Based Stochastic Optimization Approach On Collective Robotic Search Problem, Nian Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch Jan 2003

A Comparison Of Dual Heuristic Programming (Dhp) And Neural Network Based Stochastic Optimization Approach On Collective Robotic Search Problem, Nian Zhang, Donald C. Wunsch

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An important application of mobile robots is searching a region to locate the origin of a specific phenomenon. A variety of optimization algorithms can be employed to locate the target source, which has the maximum intensity of the distribution of some detected function. We propose two neural network algorithms: stochastic optimization algorithm and dual heuristic programming (DHP) to solve the collective robotic search problem. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of noise and the number of robots on the task performance, as well as the expenses. The experimental results showed that the performance of the dual heuristic programming …

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