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Now & Then (Volume 20, Issues 02-03, 2003), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 20, Issues 02-03, published in 2003. This issue, titled "Tribute to 20 Years," celebrates 20 years of the Center of Excellence for Appalachian Studies and Services. This special double issue commemorates the twentieth anniversary of the Center for Excellence for Appalachian Studies and Services (CASS) and reflects on the role of Now & Then in presenting a fuller portrait of Appalachian life beyond stereotypes. Through retrospectives on CASS programs, including the Archives of Appalachia, the Reece Museum, the Encyclopedia of Appalachia, and ETSU's Bluegrass, Old-Time, and Country Music Studies program, the …

Fleas And Lice Of Mammals In New Mexico, Paulette L. Ford, Richard Fagerlund, Donald W. Duszynski, Paul Polechla

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

All available records are compiled for three orders of ectoparasites of mammals in New Mexico: fleas (Siphonaptera), sucking lice (Anoplura), and chewing lice (Mallophaga). We have drawn from records at the University of New Mexico’s Museum of Southwestern Biology, the Vector Control Program of the New Mexico Environment Department, the Environmental Health Department of the City of Albuquerque, and several private collections. We list 99 species of fleas, 27 species of sucking lice, and two species of chewing lice. Included are appendices that list recorded ectoparasite species and their hosts in New Mexico and the counties …

The Blue Crab: Diseases, Parasites And Other Symbionts, Jeffrey D. Shields, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A critical review of the microbial diseases, parasites, and other symbionts of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus.

Cystic Echinococcosis In The Arctic And Sub-Arctic, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The northern biotype of Echinococcus granulosus occurs throughout the holarctic zones of tundra and taiga, from eastern Fennoscandia to the Bering Strait in Eurasia and in North America from arctic Alaska approximately to the northern border of the United States. The cycle of the cestode is complex in taiga at lower latitudes, because of the greater diversity of potential hosts. In the Arctic and Subarctic, however, four patterns of predator/prey relationships may be discerned. Two natural cycles involve the wolf and wild reindeer and the wolf and elk (moose), respectively. Where deer of the two species coexist, both are prey …

A Pcr-Elisa For The Identification Of Cyathostomin Fourth-Stage Larvae From Clinical Cases Of Larval Cyathostominosis, J. E. Hodgkinson, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, T. S. Mair, P. Cripps, K. L. Freeman, Y. H. Ramsey, S. Love, J. B. Matthews

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We report the use of six oligoprobes designed from intergenic spacer region sequences to identify fourth-stage larvae (L4) of the tribe Cyathostominae. Oligoprobes were designed for identification of the following species: Cylicocyclus ashworthi, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicocyclus insigne, Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus goldi, and Cylicostephanus longibursatus. A seventh probe was designed as a positive control to identify all these members of the Cyathostominae. The intergenic spacer region was amplified by PCR using conserved primers. Initially, three oligoprobes were used in Southern blot analysis. To facilitate high-throughput identification, these and a further four oligoprobes were developed for use in a PCR–ELISA. …

Implementation Plan For The Conservation Of Nebraska’S Eastern Saline Wetlands, Ted Lagrange, Terry Genrich, Glenn Johnson, Dan Schulz, Brent Lathrop

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: Publications

Nebraska’s Eastern Saline Wetlands are the most limited and endangered wetland type and vegetation community in the State and are considered critically imperiled in Nebraska. These wetlands provide habitat for a variety of native plant and animal species that depend on a saline environment, including two endangered species.

Because of their location in and around the city of Lincoln, saline wetlands are ideally located to provide recreational opportunities and flood protection. Past impacts have resulted in the degradation of nearly 90% of the saline wetlands and those remaining face continued threats.

Although several programs are in existence to address saline …

A Guide To Prairie And Wetland Restoration In Eastern Nebraska, Gerry Steinauer, Bill Whitney, Krista Adams, Mike Bullerman, Chris Helzer

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This publication documents the restoration methods originally developed by Bill Whitney and later refined by himself and other ecologists from TNC, PRCT, NGPC and USFWS working in eastern Nebraska. Restoration of the following plant community types is covered in this document: tallgrass prairie, mixed-grass prairie, sand prairie, freshwater wet meadow and marsh, Rainwater Basin wet meadow and marsh, and saline wet meadow and marsh.

The methods we use are generally affordable and not complicated. To quickly summarize, we handpick and machine harvest seed, do little seed cleaning and broadcast plant with a fertilizer spreader. We do not mow annual weeds …

2003 Survey Of Priority Natural Communities In Jefferson County, Nebraska, Robert F. Steinauer

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This survey was undertaken to update information on native plant communities and wildlife habitats in Nebraska to facilitate the development of the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission’s (NGPC) Comprehensive Wildlife Plan. The specific intent of the project was to identify and map all large blocks of privately owned native plant communities within the survey area. In 2003, the surveys focused on eastern Nebraska, specifically deciduous forest communities along the Missouri River, tallgrass prairies of southeastern Nebraska (Pawnee, Gage, Jefferson, and eastern Thayer counties), and loess mixed-grass prairies in central Nebraska. A brief survey of the Elkhorn River valley in Madison …

Focus Emu, April 29, 2003, Office Of Public Information

Focus EMU

No abstract provided.

Focus Emu, April 15, 2003, Office Of Public Information

Focus EMU

No abstract provided.

Focus Emu, March 11, 2003, Office Of Public Information

Focus EMU

No abstract provided.

Recovering Species Of Conservation Concern-Are Populations Expendable?, May Ruckelshaus, Paul Mcelhany, Michael J. Ford

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Simply mentioning the notion of species expendability may seem reprehensible, but it is a question raised often when conservation biology meets conservation practice, as in this volume. In particular, when arguing for the value of biodiversity, biologists are faced with the challenge of examining the roles that particular species might play in community function and whether there are redundancies in the functions of certain species. Does every species need to be conserved for our ecosystems to function? The question of expendability also is important in conservation planning that occurs at the species level: does every population need to be saved …

The Abundance Of Harbor Seals In The Gulf Of Alaska, Peter Boveng, John Bengtson, David Withrow, Jack Cesarone, Michael Simpkins, Kathryn Frost, John Burns

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

The abundance of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) has declined in recent decades at several Alaska locations. The causes of these declines are unknown, but there is concern about the status of the populations, especially in the Gulf of Alaska. To assess the status of harbor seals in the Gulf of Alaska, we conducted aerial surveys of seals on their haul-out sites in August-September 1996. Many factors influence the propensity of seals to haul out, including tides, weather, time of day, and time of year. Because these “covariates” cannot simultaneously be controlled through survey design, we used a …

Low Frequency Calls Of Bryde's Whales, Erin M. Oleson, Jay Barlow, Jonathan Gordon, Shannon Rankin, John A. Hildebrand

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Despite significant effort, only two published reports describe Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) calls (Cummings et al. 1986, Edds et al. 1993). In both studies fundamental call frequencies were greater than 90 Hz, somewhat higher than the call frequencies attributed to other balaenopterids (Clark 1990, Edds-Walton 1997). Through opportunistic acoustic recordings, we obtained and analyzed numerous examples of Bryde's whale calls from three habitats: the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), the southern Caribbean, and the northwest Pacific near the coast of Japan. In all but a single case, call frequencies of 60 Hz or less were observed.

A Model Life Table For Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops Truncatus) From The Indian River Lagoon System, Florida, U.S.A., Megan K. Stolen, Jay Barlow

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Data gathered from 220 stranded bottlenose dolphins (Tzmiop tvuncatlls) in the Indian River Lagoon system, Florida, were used to derive a life table. Survivorship curves were fit to the data using Siler’s competing-risk model and a maximum likelihood approach. Population growth was estimated to be between r = 0.0 and 0.046 based on the observed numbers of stranded dolphins. Variance in survival rates was estimated using an individual-based, age-structured population projection model. We estimate that the overall annual mortality rate for this population was 9.8% per year. Sex-specific differences in survivorship were apparent with females outliving males. The …

Trends In The Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, 1987 To 1996: Responses To Phosphorus Abatement And The Zebra Mussel, Dreissena Polymorpha, Thomas F. Nalepa, David L. Fanslow, Margaret B. Lansing, Gregory A. Lang

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Trends in benthic macroinvertebrate populations were examined in inner and outer Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, from 1987 to 1996. These years represent the time period after phosphorus abatement, but immediately before (1987 to 1990) and after (1991 to 1996) colonization of the bay by the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha. In 1987 to 1990, densities of the major macroinvertebrate groups in the inner and outer bay were not significantly different from, or were greater than, densities reported just prior to abatement efforts in the early 1970s. Oligochaete densities in the deepwater/silt region of the inner bay were trending downward between …

Wolves And Humans, Steven H. Fritts, Robert O. Stephenson, Robert D. Hayes, Luigi Boitani

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

TRY TO IMAGINE a small group of wolves sitting at a table engaged in vigorous debate. These wolves are from various parts of the globe and are perhaps a bit more scholarly than most. In fact, they are especially knowledgeable about the biology of that notorious two-legged species, Homo sapiens. They have been brought together to document their relationship with humans over the last several millennia. Pause for a few moments and consider what they might say ...

Perhaps the wolves' discussion would chronicle the evils of the human species, including details of atrocities committed against lupine ancestors down …

Wolves: Behavior, Ecology, And Conservation: Photo Section I, Douglas W. Smith, Rolf Peterson, L. David Mech, Barron Crawford

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Wolves in Yellowstone National Park's restored population often must compete with grizzly bears at the carcasses of their kills. Especially after their first feeding at a kill, wolves tend to relinquish their kills to bears. Photograph by Doug Smith.

Elk are one of the most common prey of wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains of North America, primarily because in most areas they tend to outnumber other prey. This large bull standing his ground escaped this pack. Photograph by Doug Smith.

American Woodcock Population Status, 2003, James R. Kelley Jr.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Singing-ground and Wing-collection surveys were conducted to assess the population status of the American woodcock (Scolopax minor). Singing-ground Survey data indicated that the number of displaying woodcock in the Eastern and Central Regions were unchanged from 2002 (P>0.1), although the point estimates of the trends were positive. Trends from the Singing-ground Survey during 1993-03 were –1.3 and –1.6% per year for the Eastern and Central regions, respectively (P<0.05). There were long-term (1968-03) declines (P<0.01) of 2.3% per year in the Eastern Region and 1.8% per year in the Central Region. The 2002 recruitment index for the Eastern Region (1.4 immatures per adult female) was the same as the 2001 index, but was 18% below the long-term regional average. The 2002 recruitment index for the Central Region (1.6 immatures per adult female) was 17% higher than the 2001 index (1.3 immatures per adult female), and was similar to the long-term regional average. The index of daily hunting success in the Eastern Region increased slightly from 1.8 woodcock per successful hunt in 2001 to 1.9 in 2002, but seasonal hunting success declined from 6.9 woodcock per successful hunter in 2001 to 6.6 in 2002. In the Central Region, the daily success index was 2.1 woodcock per successful hunt in 2001 and 2002; but seasonal hunting success increased from 10.0 woodcock per successful hunter in 2001 to 11.0 in 2002.

Native Weeds And Exotic Plants: Relationships To Disturbance In Mixed-Grass Prairie, Diane L. Larson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Disturbance frequently is implicated in the spread of invasive exotic plants. Disturbances may be broadly categorized as endogenous (e.g., digging by fossorial animals) or exogenous (e.g., construction and maintenance of roads and trails), just as weedy species may be native or exotic in origin. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare exotic and native weedy plant occurrence in and near three classes of disturbance – digging by prairie dogs (an endogenous disturbance to which native plants have had the opportunity to adapt), paved or gravel roads (an exogenous disturbance without natural precedent), and constructed trails (an exogenous …

Seasonal Distribution Of Migratory Tree Bats (Lasiurus And Lasionycteris) In North America, Paul M. Cryan

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Despite evidence of migration in North American tree bats (genera Lasiurus and Lasionycteris), details regarding seasonal movements in these widely distributed species are few. This study attempted to clarify patterns of seasonal distribution by mapping museum occurrence records by month. Monthly changes in the distribution of records indicate seasonal movements of tree bats. Northward migration during spring by Lasiurus cinereus appears to stem from wintering grounds in California and Mexico. During summer, male L. cinereus is mainly distributed in western North America, whereas females dominate samples from eastern regions. Lasiurus borealis winters in southeastern areas and expands its range …

Groundwater Flow Andwater Quality – A Flowpath Study In The Seminolewell Field, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Douglas J. Schnoebelen, Michael J. Turco, John D. North

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

In Iowa, alluvial aquifers near major rivers are a source of water for many communities. The City of Cedar Rapids withdraws water from wells completed in the Cedar River alluvium, a shallow alluvial aquifer adjacent to the Cedar River. The City of Cedar Rapids is located within Linn County in east-central Iowa, and water for the City is supplied by four well fields (East, Northwest, Seminole, and West well fields) along the Cedar River. The City has a population of about 121,000, and several large industries are major water users. Currently, per capita water usage in the City is nearly …

Survival Of The Western Pond Turtle (Emys Marmorata) In An Urban California Environment, Phillip Q. Spinks, Gregory B. Pauly, John J. Crayon, H. Bradley Shaffer

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The western pond turtle Emys (formerly Clemmys marmorata) is declining throughout its range, primarily due to loss of habitat via urbanization and conversion to agriculture. Urban waterways present several important challenges to freshwater turtle populations, but they also present an opportunity to maintain declining species in a ubiquitous habitat that has high public visibility. The arboretum waterway on the University of California, Davis campus is an example of an extensively altered urban habitat that supports a relatively large E. marmorata population. Over the last 6 years, we monitored the turtle population inhabiting the arboretum waterway to determine the …

Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia Coli In Montana: Bacterial Genotypes And Clinical Profiles, Jill K. Jelacic, Todd Damrow, Gilbert S. Chen, Srdjan Jelacic, Martina Bielaszewska, Marcia Ciol, Humberto M. Carvalho, Angela R. Melton-Celsa, Alison D. O'Brien, Phillip I. Tarr

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The diseases and virulence genes associated with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are characterized incompletely. We analyzed, by polymerase chain reaction, 82 STEC isolates collected prospectively in Montana and profiled associated illnesses by patient chart review. All E. coli O157:H7 contained stx₂-group genes, as well as eae, iha, espA, and ehxA; 84% contained stx₁. Non-O157:H7 STEC less frequently contained stx₁( P = .046 ), stx₂ (P < .001), iha (P < .001), eae, and espA (P = .039 for both), were isolated less often from patients treated in emergency departments (P = .022), and …

Protracted Protection To Plasmodium Berghei Malaria Is Linked To Functionally And Phenotypically Heterogeneous Liver Memory Cd8+ T Cells1, Dmitri Berenzon, Robert J. Schwenk, Lisa Letellier, Mimi Guebre-Xabier, Jackie Williams, Urszula Krzych

United States Army: Publications

We previously demonstrated that protection induced by radiation-attenuated (y) Plasmodium berghei sporozoites is linked to MHC class I-restricted CD⁸⁺ T cells specific for exoerythrocytic-stage Ags, and that activated intrahepatic memory CD⁸⁺ T cells are associated with protracted protection. In this study, we further investigated intrahepatic memory CD⁸⁺ T cells to elucidate mechanisms required for their maintenance. Using phenotypic markers indicative of activation (CD44, CD45RB), migration (CD62L), and IFN-y production, we identified two subsets of intrahepatic memory CD⁸⁺ T cells: the CD44^highCD45RB^lowCD62L^lowCD122^low phenotype, representing the dominant effector …

Case Ready And Enhanced Pork - How Do Ingredients Make Them Work?, Mike Baczwaski, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Swine Reports

Case ready pork products have grown at a tremendous rate since the early, large scale introductions of the mid 1990’s. Estimates exceed 9 billion pieces in the near future, up from 500 million in 1997 and 1.2 billion in 2000. Estimates are that between 70-80% of the fresh pork at the supermarket is now utilizing two technologies in the case-ready status. These two technologies include enhancement and marination. Enhancement is the application of a solution of water, salt and sodium phosphates, usually approximately a 12% solution. Marination expands the solution with flavor and texture profiles involving additional ingredients. The major …

2003 Nebraska Swine Report, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

Nutrition
Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Economics of Pigs Fed Diets Containing a Corn Germ-Corn Bran Product
Vitamin B₁₂ Requirement for Weanling Pigs
Vitamin B₁₂ and Mecadox^® Supplementation in Weanling Pig Diets
Do Crowded Pigs Respond to Paylean^®?
Comparison of Swine Performance When Fed Diets Containing Corn Root Worm Protected Corn, Parental Line Corn, or Conventional Corn Grown during 2000 in Nebraska
Energy and Nitrogen Utilization of Roundup Ready^® Corn (Event nk603) and Non-Transgenic Corn in Young Pigs
Effect of a Low Phytate, Nutrient Dense Corn on Pig Performance
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Swine …

Vitamin B12 And Mecadox® Supplementation In Weanling Pig Diets, Sara S. Blodgett, Phillip S. Miller, Robert Fischer

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to assess the responsiveness of weanling pigs to an antibiotic-like compound (Mecadox®) and vitamin B₁₂. Pigs (initial weight 11.3 lb) were fed one of four diets for a total of 35 days: 1) Negative control, common nursery diet with no added Mecadox® or vitamin₁₂; 2) Mecadox®, common nursery diet with 50 g/ton added Mecadox®; 3)B₁₂ common nursery diet with 36.28 µg/lb added vitamin B₁₂. Pig weights and feed disappearance were measured weekly to determine average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed efficiency (ADG/ADFI). Pigs were …

Do Crowded Pigs Respond To Paylean®?, Mike Brumm, Phillip S. Miller, Robert C. Thaler

Nebraska Swine Reports

Paylean® is a feed additive that improves feed efficiency, daily gain and carcass merit in finishing pigs. Restrictions in space allocation are known to reduce daily feed intake and daily gain. Thus, pigs may not respond as expected to dietary additions of Paylean® if feed intake is reduced due to crowding. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to examine the potential interaction of Paylean® and space allocation. Experimental treatments were: 1)14 or 19 pigs per pen (8.0 vs 5.9 ft²/pig); and 2) Paylean® for four weeks prior to slaughter (0 or 9 g/T). In this experiment, …

Influence Of Crystalline Or Protein-Bound Lysine On Lysine Utilization For Growth In Pigs, Janeth Colina, Phillip S. Miller, Austin J. Lewis, Robert Fischer

Nebraska Swine Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of utilization of crystalline lysine relative to the lysine in soybean meal for growth in barrows and gilts fed individually or in groups. One hundred twelve growing pigs (56 barrows and 56 gilts; average initial body weight of 39.6 lb) were sued in each experiment. Pigs were fed individually (I) or in groups of three (G). There were 28 individually penned and 84 in 28 pens with three pigs/pen). There were two replications per treatment in each experiment for a total of four replications. For the 28-day experiments, pigs were fed one …