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2002

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United States Human Rights Policy In The 21st Century In An Age Of Multilateralism Respondent, Catherine Powell Jan 2002

United States Human Rights Policy In The 21st Century In An Age Of Multilateralism Respondent, Catherine Powell

Faculty Scholarship

Professor Harold Koh's thoughtful article, A United States Human Rights Policy for the 21st Century, 46 ST. Louis U. L.J. 293 (2002), ends with the observation that "globalization has both sinister and constructive faces."' Indeed, we live in a world that is increasingly interdependent. Even some of those opposed to the project of globalization ironically depend on the tools of globalization to undermine it. Consider the terrorists who hijacked airplanes on September 11, 2001 and flew them into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, killing thousands of innocent civilians from many different nations. The terrorists used the Internet and …

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Effects Of Girdling, Ga3 Applications And Additional Nutrient Applications On Fruit Yield, Fruit Set And Fruit Size In The Clementine Mandarin, Turgut Yeşi̇loğlu, Ebru Cücü Açikalin Jan 2002

Effects Of Girdling, Ga3 Applications And Additional Nutrient Applications On Fruit Yield, Fruit Set And Fruit Size In The Clementine Mandarin, Turgut Yeşi̇loğlu, Ebru Cücü Açikalin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In small fruit species, like the mandarin, fruit size is lower in Turkey than in other countries and this has a negative effect on their marketing. There are problems with fruit yield and size in the Clementine mandarin, which is a commonly grown mandarin cultivar in Turkey. To solve these problems, various studies have been carried out. Girdling is one of the methods studied and it had positive effects on fruit yield and size without lowering the fruit quality. However, fruit yield and fruit size were reduced to previous levels if the treatment was repeated over a long period. In …

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The Effect Of Tobacco Waste Application On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Alkaline Soils, Kenan Kiliç, Kadi̇r Saltali, A. Kadi̇r Sürücü Jan 2002

The Effect Of Tobacco Waste Application On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Alkaline Soils, Kenan Kiliç, Kadi̇r Saltali, A. Kadi̇r Sürücü

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to (i) determine the effect of tobacco waste application on the soil structure stability (SS), hydraulic conductivity (HC), bulk density, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and electrolyte concentration of alkaline soils, and (ii) observe the possibility of using tobacco waste for the reclamation of alkaline soils. The study was designed in randomized complete blocks with three replications and tobacco waste was applied at a rate of 0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.0 ton/ha to each block. The hydraulic conductivity and structure stability of the alkaline soils studied were substantially improved with increased rates of tobacco …

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Research On The Determination Of The Socio-Economic Factors Affecting The Farmers' Behaviour In Adopting Land Consolidation Implemented In Güzelbeyli Town In Zile County, Tokat Province, Nuray Kizilaslan, Sevi̇lay Almus Jan 2002

Research On The Determination Of The Socio-Economic Factors Affecting The Farmers' Behaviour In Adopting Land Consolidation Implemented In Güzelbeyli Town In Zile County, Tokat Province, Nuray Kizilaslan, Sevi̇lay Almus

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The main purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the farmers' adoption behaviour in adopting land consolidation implemented in Güzelbeyli town in Zile county, Tokat province. Chi-square analysis was performed to determine whether a difference existed between the farmers who adopted and did not adopt the land consolidation. The results of the analysis indicated that there were some factors affecting the adoption of land consolidation such as farmers' social participation level and their level of awareness about land consolidation. This result may show that the participation of farmers in different activities increases parallel to an expansion in …

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Cover And Contents Jan 2002

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

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Quantitative Determination Of Alkyl Ketene Dimer (Akd) Retention In Paper Made On A Pilot Paper Machine, Ari̇f Karademi̇r Jan 2002

Quantitative Determination Of Alkyl Ketene Dimer (Akd) Retention In Paper Made On A Pilot Paper Machine, Ari̇f Karademi̇r

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

There have been some problems reported associated with the use of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in alkali papermaking. Excessive use of size emulsion, poor size performance when filler used, problems with back water contamination, poor retention, and formation of pitch deposits on machinery are some of the problems experienced during papermaking operations. In addition, paper containing AKD is reported to lose its resistance, over time against liquid penetration and tends to become slippery. Therefore, in this study, the retention and reaction mechanisms of AKD internal sizing agent in a paper matrix were investigated by capillary gas chromatography (GC) in an …

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Comparison Of Erosion And Runoff Predicted By Wepp And Agnps Models Using A Geographic Information System, Hali̇l Kirnak Jan 2002

Comparison Of Erosion And Runoff Predicted By Wepp And Agnps Models Using A Geographic Information System, Hali̇l Kirnak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model and the Agricultural Non-Point-Source Pollution Model (AGNPS) were used in conjunction with a geographic information system (GIS) database to predict runoff and sediment discharges for Rock Creek watershed, an agricultural watershed in Ohio, USA. Observed and predicted values were compared for selected storm events in 1988 and 1990. The statistical evaluation of the WEPP and AGNPS models showed that WEPP predicted average runoff, peak runoff and sediment yield better than AGNPS. WEPP and AGNPS overpredicted peak runoff rates compared to observed data by 15.5% and 26.5%, respectively. The t-test showed that there was …

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Additive Main Effects And Multiplicative Interactions Analysis Of Yield Performances In Bread Wheat Genotypes Across Environments, Yüksel Kaya, Çeti̇n Palta, Seyfi̇ Taner Jan 2002

Additive Main Effects And Multiplicative Interactions Analysis Of Yield Performances In Bread Wheat Genotypes Across Environments, Yüksel Kaya, Çeti̇n Palta, Seyfi̇ Taner

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was carried out to determine the yield performances of 20 bread wheat genotypes across six environments in Central Anatolia, Turkey, in the 2000-2001 growing season. The experimental layout was a randomized complete block design with four replications. Additive main effects and multiplicative interactions analysis (AMMI) indicated that the yield performances of genotypes were under the major environmental effects of genotype by environmental interactions. The first two principal component axes (PCA 1 and 2) were significant (p < 0.01) and cumulatively contributed to 78.64% of the total genotype by environment interaction. A biplot generated using genotypic and environmental scores of the first two AMMI components also showed that genotypes with larger PCA 1 and lower PCA 2 scores gave high yields (stable genotypes), and genotypes with lower PCA 1 and larger PCA 2 scores had low yields (unstable genotypes), as in the sites tested.

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Seasonal Carbohydrate Changes Of The Bark Tissues Of Hazelnut Cultivars Grown In The East And West Black Sea Region, Yeşi̇m Okay, A. İlhami̇ Köksal, Nevzat Artik Jan 2002

Seasonal Carbohydrate Changes Of The Bark Tissues Of Hazelnut Cultivars Grown In The East And West Black Sea Region, Yeşi̇m Okay, A. İlhami̇ Köksal, Nevzat Artik

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The seasonal changes in total carbohydrate, fructose, glucose and sucrose levels of bark tissues of the Tombul, Palaz, Kalınkara, Çakıldak and Sivri cultivars grown in the East and West Black Sea regions were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As with other fruit species, carbohydrate levels decreased from the end of spring to summer, showed steady changes with low values in summer and increased starting in the middle of fall until winter. Despite a general tendency of decline during spring, the carbohydrate and soluble sugar contents of Sivri increased in the Düzce region in April. Annual changes in carbohydrates …

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Cover And Contents Jan 2002

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of The Antiviral Effect Of Vepesid On Hsv Type 2, Adi̇l M. Allahverdi̇yev, Ni̇zami̇ Duran, Öznur Uyanik Jan 2002

Investigation Of The Antiviral Effect Of Vepesid On Hsv Type 2, Adi̇l M. Allahverdi̇yev, Ni̇zami̇ Duran, Öznur Uyanik

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Objective: Vepesid is a semisynthetic derivative of phodophylotoxin extracted from Phodophylum peltatum, which is in the group of plant alkaloids. In this study, the antiviral effect of Vepesid against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in in vitro conditions was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, a HEp-2 continuous cell line that was derived from human larynx cancer cells was used. The experiments were done in culture plates with smooth bases consisting of 96 wells. Cultivation of cells was realized in EMEM medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at an atmosphere of 37°C with 5% CO_2. The toxicity of …

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Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis In Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients: Postmortem Histopathologic Findings, Banu Bi̇lezi̇kçi̇, Beyhan Demi̇rhan, Asuman Ni̇han Haberal, Ünser Arikan Jan 2002

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis In Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients: Postmortem Histopathologic Findings, Banu Bi̇lezi̇kçi̇, Beyhan Demi̇rhan, Asuman Ni̇han Haberal, Ünser Arikan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Invasive aspergillosis is often lethal in transplant recipients. The mortality associated with this disease after organ transplantation approaches 100%, partly because it is difficult to recognize and diagnose early on. The clinical course and histological findings in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts differ from those seen in patients who develop classic aspergillomas. In immunosuppressed patients, the predominant pathologic abnormalities are tissue invasion, abscess formation, and angioinvasion with or without infarction. In this study, we examined cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in one kidney recipient and three liver transplant recipients. All the patients were male, and their mean age was …

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Effects Of Increased Respiratory Resistance On Maximal O_2 Uptake And Anaerobic Threshold During Incremental Exercise Tests, Oğuz Özçeli̇k, Rami̇s Çolak Jan 2002

Effects Of Increased Respiratory Resistance On Maximal O_2 Uptake And Anaerobic Threshold During Incremental Exercise Tests, Oğuz Özçeli̇k, Rami̇s Çolak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study was undertaken to assess whether maximal O_2 uptake (VO_2max) can be used as an index of measuring aerobic capacity under the condition of increased respiratory resistance. Seven male subjects performed two incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer on different days: one control (C) and one breathing through an 8 mm bore diameter respiratory resistance (R). Ventilatory and gas exchange responses were measured with a turbine volume transducer and mass spectrometry, and processed breath-by-breath. VO_2max was measured and anaerobic threshold (AT) was estimated non-invasively using the V-slope method. Maximal exercise performance was reduced significantly (by paired t-test, P

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The Effects Of Three Neurosurgical Anaesthetic Methods On Hla-Dr Expression, Nusa Tuna, Meti̇n Tuna, Demet Koca, Şebnem Atici, Aniş Ariboğan Jan 2002

The Effects Of Three Neurosurgical Anaesthetic Methods On Hla-Dr Expression, Nusa Tuna, Meti̇n Tuna, Demet Koca, Şebnem Atici, Aniş Ariboğan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Expression of human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) is considered a meaningful indicator of immune response because of the important role that HLA-DR plays in presenting antigen to T-lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three anaesthetic methods (intravenous anaesthesia with propofol-fentanyl and balanced anaesthesia with isoflurane-fentanyl or sevoflurane-fentanyl) on monocytic HLA-DR expression in neurosurgical patients who underwent craniotomy. Thirty patients were divided into 3 groups of 10, and each group was the subject of one of the anaesthetic regimes noted above during craniotomy procedures. Blood samples were collected and HLA-DR expression was measured by flow cytometry …

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Congenital Pseudoarthrosis Of The Clavicle With Multiple Vertebral Anomalies, Ahmet Yi̇ği̇t Göktay, Mustafa Seçi̇l, Erki̇n Çeti̇nkol, Di̇nç Özaksoy Jan 2002

Congenital Pseudoarthrosis Of The Clavicle With Multiple Vertebral Anomalies, Ahmet Yi̇ği̇t Göktay, Mustafa Seçi̇l, Erki̇n Çeti̇nkol, Di̇nç Özaksoy

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

ğit GÖKTAY Mustafa SEÇİL Erkin ÇETİNKOL Dinç ÖZAKSOY Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir - TURKEY

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Psoas Abscess Secondary To Brucellar Spondylitis, Bi̇lgehan Aygen, Duygu Eşel, Nuri̇ Erdoğan, Orhan Yildiz, Bülent Sümerkan, Mehmet Doğanay Jan 2002

Psoas Abscess Secondary To Brucellar Spondylitis, Bi̇lgehan Aygen, Duygu Eşel, Nuri̇ Erdoğan, Orhan Yildiz, Bülent Sümerkan, Mehmet Doğanay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Production And Purification Of Monoclonal Antibodies To Human Interleukin-2 And Their Use For Immunoaffinity Purification Of Recombinant Human Interleukin-2, Cemaletti̇n Aybay Jan 2002

Production And Purification Of Monoclonal Antibodies To Human Interleukin-2 And Their Use For Immunoaffinity Purification Of Recombinant Human Interleukin-2, Cemaletti̇n Aybay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a powerful immunochemical tool. Today, the availability of mAbs with desired specificity enables ligand separation based upon the immunoaffinity technique. By using the high selectivity of mAbs, immunoaffinity purification offers the possibility of isolating compounds even from complex samples with a selectivity which cannot be achieved by other methods. This paper reports the preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against human interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the establishment of an immunoaffinity method for purifying human IL-2 (hIL-2). Hybridomas were generated by the fusion of NSO or FO myelomas and spleen cells from immunized mice. Hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine-resistant hybridomas secreting antibodies …

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The Relation Between Low-Density Lipoprotein (Ldl) Oxidation And Hemodialysis With Respect To Membrane Types Protective Effects Of Vitamin E-Bonded Membrane, Selda Demi̇rtaş, Gökhan Nergi̇soğlu, Ayşegül Akbay Yarpuzlu, Levent Karaca Jan 2002

The Relation Between Low-Density Lipoprotein (Ldl) Oxidation And Hemodialysis With Respect To Membrane Types Protective Effects Of Vitamin E-Bonded Membrane, Selda Demi̇rtaş, Gökhan Nergi̇soğlu, Ayşegül Akbay Yarpuzlu, Levent Karaca

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Plasma total antioxidant (TAO) levels, LDL (low density lipoprotein), antioxidant defense potential (AOP) and the resistance to oxidation of LDL fractions were studied in chronic hemodialysis patients. The differences with respect to dialyzer membrane types before and after hemodialysis were also assessed. After isolation of LDL from plasma by precipitation, AOP was measured based on the determination of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), and resistance to oxidation was assessed by the metal-catalyzed peroxidation of LDL followed by the determination of the values of the peroxidation product malondialdehide (MDA) before and after peroxidation. The assay principle of TAO was based on …

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Discrimination Between The Acidic And Molecular Effects Of Lactate On Muscle Tension Development, Şeref Erdoğan, Sanli Sadi̇ Kurdak, Ni̇lay Ergen, Ayşe Doğan Jan 2002

Discrimination Between The Acidic And Molecular Effects Of Lactate On Muscle Tension Development, Şeref Erdoğan, Sanli Sadi̇ Kurdak, Ni̇lay Ergen, Ayşe Doğan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Fatigue can be defined as the decrease in the genesis of maximal muscle tension, and it may develop when metabolic end-products cannot be readily washed out. During anaerobic exercises, lactate accumulates in the muscle and blood, resulting in acidic pH in these tissues. Fatigue during lactate accumulation is generally attributed to its acidifying property; however, the inverse effect of lactate on muscle tension also at isopH values may be due to the molecular as well as the acidifying effects of this metabolite. In this study, we aimed to distinguish the molecular and acidifying effects of high lactate, both of which …

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Antitumor Effects Of Tnf-\Beta, 5-Fu And Their Combinations On Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines, Hakan Akça, Osman Ni̇dai̇ Özeş Jan 2002

Antitumor Effects Of Tnf-\Beta, 5-Fu And Their Combinations On Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines, Hakan Akça, Osman Ni̇dai̇ Özeş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Cervical carcinoma is one type of cancer with a high mortality rate in females. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of TNF-\beta, 5-FU and their combinations on human cervical carcinoma cell lines, ME180 and HeLa. The highest degree of cytotoxic effect was obtained with 5-FU on both cell lines. While high concentrations of TNF-\beta showed cytotoxic effects on both cell lines, the lowest dose induced growth. Combination treatment of 5-FU and TNF-\beta gave a slightly higher cytotoxic and antiproliferative response compared to individual use of 5-FU and TNF-\beta on both cell lines.

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The Dosimetric Verification Of Commercial Two- And Three- Dimensional Radiation Treatment Planning Systems, Ayhan Kiliç, Lütfi̇ Özkan, Kayihan Engi̇n Jan 2002

The Dosimetric Verification Of Commercial Two- And Three- Dimensional Radiation Treatment Planning Systems, Ayhan Kiliç, Lütfi̇ Özkan, Kayihan Engi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

For the quality assurance (QA) of radiation treatment planning systems (RTPSs) and planning computed tomography (CT), a simple cylindrical phantom was developed. The phantom was constructed by using materials and geometries appropriate for the routine clinic setups. A Siemens Somatom HiQ CT, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) RTPS and a linear accelerator Siemens Mevatron MD2 were used in this study. The 2D and 3D RTPSs gave good results when compared to actual doses measured in the phantom. While the 3D system showed accuracy similar (-1.0% vs. -0.8%) to that of the 2D system for 6 MV and better accuracy (+1.4% …

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Centromeric Smn Deletions In Various Congenital Muscular Dystrophies, Hayat Erdem Yurter, Di̇dem Dayangaç Erden, Saci̇de Pehli̇van, Beri̇l Tali̇m, Haluk Topaloğlu Jan 2002

Centromeric Smn Deletions In Various Congenital Muscular Dystrophies, Hayat Erdem Yurter, Di̇dem Dayangaç Erden, Saci̇de Pehli̇van, Beri̇l Tali̇m, Haluk Topaloğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We studied centromeric SMN gene deletions in various forms of congenital muscular dystrophies. Our study cohort consisted of 48 patients (43 families): 24 with merosin-positive CMD, 18 with merosin-deficient CMD and 6 with muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease. None of the patients showed deletions of the telomeric gene; however, the deletion frequency of the centromeric gene was 27%. In a multiplex family, the mildly affected sibling, who is ambulant, had a preserved centromeric copy of the SMN gene, whereas in the severely affected sibling the copy was missing. The centromeric copy of the SMN gene may have a contributing role in the …

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Effects Of Perinatal Factors On The Duration And Cost Of Hospitalisation For Preterm Infants In A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit In Istanbul, İpek Akman, Di̇lşad Cebeci̇, Eren Özek, Sebahat İmamoğlu Jan 2002

Effects Of Perinatal Factors On The Duration And Cost Of Hospitalisation For Preterm Infants In A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit In Istanbul, İpek Akman, Di̇lşad Cebeci̇, Eren Özek, Sebahat İmamoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Long hospitalisation and high hospital charges of premature infants are important concerns for parents and health providers. In this study we determined the length of stay and hospital cost of preterm babies and assessed the predictive value of perinatal factors on the duration and the cost of hospitalisation. We reviewed hospital charges and length of stay for a retrospective cohort of 72 premature infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit of Marmara University Hospital between January 1999 and January 2000. The perinatal factors were analysed using forward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. The median gestational age and birth weight …

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A Cadaveric Polycystic Kidney Donor, Tanju Acar, Mahmood Arshad Jan 2002

A Cadaveric Polycystic Kidney Donor, Tanju Acar, Mahmood Arshad

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

AR Mahmood ARSHAD Department of Renal Transplantation, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital, London - UK

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Wound Closure By Skin Traction, Ramazan Köymen, Keri̇m Ortakoğlu, Kemal Murat Okçu, Hasan Ayberk Altuğ, Yavuz Si̇nan Aydintuğ Jan 2002

Wound Closure By Skin Traction, Ramazan Köymen, Keri̇m Ortakoğlu, Kemal Murat Okçu, Hasan Ayberk Altuğ, Yavuz Si̇nan Aydintuğ

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

KÖYMEN Kerim ORTAKOĞLU Kemal Murat OKÇU Hasan Ayberk ALTUĞ Yavuz Sinan AYDINTUĞ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Dental Sciences Center, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey

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Papillary Adenocarcinoma Of The Epiglottis, Sema Hücümenoğlu, Nur Çeli̇k, Gülben Erdem, Si̇nan Kocatürk Jan 2002

Papillary Adenocarcinoma Of The Epiglottis, Sema Hücümenoğlu, Nur Çeli̇k, Gülben Erdem, Si̇nan Kocatürk

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

ÜMENOĞLU^1 Nur ÇELİK^1 Gülben ERDEM^1 Sinan KOCATÜRK^2 Departments of ^1Pathology, ^2Otorhinolaryngology, SSK Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

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Acrodermatitis Enteropathica, Şi̇nasi̇ Özsoylu Jan 2002

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica, Şi̇nasi̇ Özsoylu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Morphologic Comparison Of The Elastic Fibers Found In The Submucosal Layer In Different Portions Of The Stomach, Ahmet Kalaycioğlu, Mi̇that Keri̇m Arslan Jan 2002

Morphologic Comparison Of The Elastic Fibers Found In The Submucosal Layer In Different Portions Of The Stomach, Ahmet Kalaycioğlu, Mi̇that Keri̇m Arslan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study was carried out on 30 human stomachs (from cadavers) obtained from different medical faculties. The elastic fibers in the submucosal layer in the pylorus, corpus and antrum were studied and compared in terms of their length, and density per unit area. The submucosal layer containing elastic fibers was longer and their densities per unit area were greater in the pylorus than those in the corpus and the antrum. Another feature of this study is the use of the vizopan microscop, which is used in the field of forestry engineering for measurements.

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The Effects Of Pentoxifylline In Experimental Nerve Injury, Süleyman Baykal, Cavi̇t Boz, Ertuğrul Çakir, Şükrücan H. Baytan, Murat Karakuş, Kayhan Kuzeyli̇ Jan 2002

The Effects Of Pentoxifylline In Experimental Nerve Injury, Süleyman Baykal, Cavi̇t Boz, Ertuğrul Çakir, Şükrücan H. Baytan, Murat Karakuş, Kayhan Kuzeyli̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Several studies have suggested that pentoxifylline, a theophylline-related drug that decreases erytrhocyte stiffness, may be useful in treatment of ischaemia reperfusion injuries of brain, liver and small intestine in animal experiments. Fourteen Wistar-Albino rats weighing between 180-250 g were used for the experiment and divided equally to two groups. Before the injury, electroneuromyographic (ENMG) data were recorded from right and left sciatic nerves. Right sciatic nerves of the seven rats of group 1 were crushed with a clip. Same lesions were performed on seven rats of group 2 and also pentoxifylline (50mg/kg/day) was applied intraperitoneally once in a day for …

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Genetic Polymorphisms In Steroid Hormone Metabolizing Enzymes In Human Breast Cancer, Nesli̇han Aygün Kocabaş Jan 2002

Genetic Polymorphisms In Steroid Hormone Metabolizing Enzymes In Human Breast Cancer, Nesli̇han Aygün Kocabaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Epidemiologic studies indicate that most risk factors for breast cancer are related to reproductive and hormonal factors. The evaluation of associations between breast cancer risk and genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved in hormone metabolism may be a cost effective manner in which to determine individual breast cancer susceptibility. A number of molecular epidemiologic studies have been conducted to evaluate associations between polymorphic genes involved in steroid hormone metabolism (i.e., CYP17, CYP19, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, MnSOD, COMT, and GST) that may account for a proportion of enzymatic variability. An evaluation of associations between breast cancer risk and genetic polymorphisms in enzymes involved …

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