Digital Commons Network^™

Twenty Nonparametric Statistics And Their Large Sample Approximations, Gail F. Fahoome

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Nonparametric procedures are often more powerful than classical tests for real world data which are rarely normally distributed. However, there are difficulties in using these tests. Computational formulas are scattered throughout the literature, and there is a lack of availability of tables and critical values. The computational formulas for twenty commonly employed nonparametric tests that have large-sample approximations for the critical value are brought together. Because there is no generally agreed upon lower limit for the sample size, Monte Carlo methods were used to determine the smallest sample size that can be used with the respective large-sample approximation. The statistics …

Trimming, Transforming Statistics, And Bootstrapping: Circumventing The Biasing Effects Of Heterescedasticity And Nonnormality, H. J. Keselman, Rand R. Wilcox, Abdul R. Othman, Katherine Fradette

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Researchers can adopt different measures of central tendency and test statistics to examine the effect of a treatment variable across groups (e.g., means, trimmed means, M-estimators, & medians. Recently developed statistics are compared with respect to their ability to control Type I errors when data were nonnormal, heterogeneous, and the design was unbalanced: (1) a preliminary test for symmetry which determines whether data should be trimmed symmetrically or asymmetrically, (2) two different transformations to eliminate skewness, (3) the accuracy of assessing statistical significance with a bootstrap methodology was examined, and (4) statistics that use a robust measure of the typical …

Determining Predictor Importance In Multiple Regression Under Varied Correlational And Distributional Conditions, Tiffany A. Whittaker, Rachel T. Fouladi, Natasha J. Williams

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

This study examines the performance of eight methods of predictor importance under varied correlational and distributional conditions. The proportion of times a method correctly identified the dominant predictor was recorded. Results indicated that the new methods of importance proposed by Budescu (1993) and Johnson (2000) outperformed commonly used importance methods.

End Matter, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

Activity Patterns And Correlates Among Youth: Differences By Weight Status, Wendell C. Taylor, James F. Sallis, Marsha Dowda, Patty S. Freedson, Karen Eason, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

The purposes of the study were to assess differences in physical activity levels and correlates of physical activity among overweight (‡ 85th percentile of body mass index for their sex and age) and non-overweight (< 85th percentile) youth. The sample included 509 seventh through twelfth graders. Activity was measured by a 7-day, 46-item activity checklist. Overweight girls were more sedentary than non-overweight girls (p<.03), and non-overweight girls engaged in more vigorous physical activity than overweight girls (p<.03). For boys, there were no significant differences in activity. The regression analyses for vigorous activity yielded the largest total R²'s (R²=.049 for overweight and R²=.27 for non-overweight.) The significant factor for overweight youth was greater athletic coordination (p<.01). For non-overweight youth, the significant factors were greater family support (p<.05), greater peer support (p<.001), fewer barriers (p<.03), and greater athletic coordination (p<.01). Correlates of physical activity vary by weight status of young people.

Volume 40, Number 10: November 1, 2002, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Calvin Theological Journal (Vol 37 No 2 - November 2002), Calvin Theological Seminary

Calvin Theological Journal

Editorial Notes - 207 / Articles: Infants, Nursing Mother, and Father: Paul's Portrayal of a Pastor by Jeffrey A. D. Weima - 209 / Taking Up the Cross and Following Jesus: Discipleship in the Gospel of Mark by Marvin Meyer - 230 / Covenant and Pentecost by James C. Vanderkam - 239 / Alleged Rationalism: Francis Turretin on Reason by Sebastian Rehnman - 255 / Reflecting Theologically on Popular Culture as Meaningful: The Role of Sin, Grace, and General Revelation by Theodore A. Turnau, III - 270 / Calvin Bibliography: 2002 by Paul Fields - 297 / Scholia et …

Sfra Review, November/December 2002, Science Fiction Research Association

SFRA Newsletter (Science Fiction Research Association)

The November/December 2002 issue of the SFRA Review.

Book Review: Men And Gender Relations, Jane E. Prather

Journal of International Women's Studies

Review of Men and Gender Relations by Bob Pease

The Virtue Of Vagueness In Takings Doctrine, Marc R. Poirier

Cardozo Law Review

In discussions of regulatory takings law, there appears to be an almost universal assumption that its vagueness is a bad thing, a mysterious dysfunction. This article argues that the vagueness in takings doctrine is quite functional and entirely appropriate. Since considerable vagueness turns out to be inevitable, this is just as well. Happily, over time, specific resource use conflicts and transitions sometimes do crystallize out into more predictable forms of law - new rules and customs about specific types of property. Within these specific and limited regimes, we can and should aspire to rules defining the circumstances under which the …

Conformity And Dissent, Cass R. Sunstein

Public Law and Legal Theory Working Papers

Much of the time, human beings do what others do. This is perfectly sensible, because the actions and statements of other people convey valuable information about what should be done. In addition, most people want the good opinion of others, and this desire promotes conformity. But conformity can lead both groups and institutions in unfortunate and even catastrophic directions. The most serious problem is that by following others, people fail to disclose what they know and believe, thus depriving society of important information. Those who dissent, and who reject the pressures imposed by others, perform valuable social functions, often at …

Front Matter, Jmasm Editors

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

No abstract provided.

Within Groups Multiple Comparisons Based On Robust Measures Of Location, Rand R. Wilcox, H. J. Keselman

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Consider the problem of performing all pair-wise comparisons among J dependent groups based on measures of location associated with the marginal distributions. It is well known that the standard error of the sample mean can be large relative to other estimators when outliers are common. Two general strategies for addressing this problem are to trim a fixed proportion of observations or empirically check for outliers and remove (or down-weight) any that are found. However, simply applying conventional methods for means to the data that remain results in using the wrong standard error. Methods that address this problem have been proposed, …

A Longitudinal Follow-Up Of Discrete Mass At Zero With Gap, Joseph L. Musial, Patrick D. Bridge, Nicol R. Shamey

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

The first part of this paper discusses a five-year systematic review of the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology following the landmark power study conducted by Sawilowsky and Hillman (1992). The second part discusses a five-year longitudinal follow-up of a radically nonnormal population distribution: discrete mass at zero with gap. This distribution was based upon a real dataset.

Jmasm4: Critical Values For Four Nonparametric And/Or Distribution-Free Tests Of Location For Two Independent Samples, Bruce R. Fay

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Researchers engaged in computer-intensive studies may need exact critical values, especially for sample sizes and alpha levels not normally found in published tables, as well as the ability to control ‘best-fit’ criteria. They may also benefit from the ability to directly generate these values rather than having to create lookup tables. Fortran 90 programs generate ‘best-conservative’ (bc) and ‘best-fit’ (bf) critical values with associated probabilities for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of general differences (bc), Rosenbaum’s test of location (bc), Tukey’s quick test (bc and bf)) and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (bc).

The Hilltop 11-1-2002, Hilltop Staff

The Hilltop: 2000 - 2010

No abstract provided.

Preference And Perceived Danger In Field/Forest Settings, Thomas R. Herzog, Glenn E. Kutzli

Peer Reviewed Articles

The authors investigated preference, perceived danger, and fear for a sample of 70 field/forest settings. Predictor variables included perception-based variables (visual access, penetration,movement ease), information-based variables (mystery, concealment, refuge), and variables thought to intervene between concealment and danger (entrapment, rearview concern). All variables were rated by independent groups. Danger and fear were strongly positively correlated for these settings, but preference and danger had a more modest negative correlation. Factor analysis of the strongly inter-correlated predictor variables yielded two factors, interpreted as Visibility and Locomotor Access. Both factors were positive predictors of preference and negative predictors of danger. Further analyses suggested …

Adolescent Risk Factors For Sexual Victimization: A Longitudinal Analysis Of Rural Women, Janine M. Zweig, Aline Sayer, Lisa J. Crockett, Judith R. Vicary

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Longitudinal data were used to examine risk factors for sexual victimization among 237 young adult rural women. In this sample, 8% reported experiencing forced sex (i.e., physically violent experiences) and a separate 22% reported experiencing coerced sex (i.e., external psychological manipulation, substance-related coercion, or internal psychological pressure.) Women who had more educated mothers had a greater probability of reporting forced sex. In addition, mothers’ education moderated the relationship between individual risk factors and the probability of reporting forced sex. For women with less educated mothers, higher frequency of sexual activity during adolescence was related to an increased probability of reporting …

What Will My Parents Think? Relations Among Adolescents’ Expected Parental Reactions, Prosocial Moral Reasoning, And Prosocial And Antisocial Behaviors, Jennifer M. Wyatt, Gustavo Carlo

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Prior researchers confirmed socialization models depicting parenting practices and social cognitions associated with prosocial and antisocial behaviors. However, little research has focused on processes underlying the link between parenting and these behaviors. Per Grusec and Goodnow’s internalization model, children and adolescents develop expectancies regarding their parents’ reactions to their behaviors. Adolescents’ expected parental reactions to prosocial behaviors were hypothesized to predict prosocial behaviors; expectations regarding antisocial behaviors were expected to predict antisocial behaviors. For this study, 80 adolescents and their parents reported adolescents’ antisocial and prosocial behaviors. Adolescents completed a measure of prosocial moral reasoning and an assessment of how …

Washington University Record, November 1, 2002

Washington University Record

No abstract provided.

Enron And The Corporate Lawyer: A Primer On Legal And Ethical Issues, Roger C. Cramton

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

The stunning collapse of Enron, coupled with the large number of accounting irregularities and apparent corporate fraud, have created a climate in which reform and improvement of the law governing corporate lawyers is underway. The ABA Task Force on Corporate Responsibility has issued a preliminary report that recommends promising changes in the rules of professional conduct. And, the Corporate Reform Act of 2002 has changed the landscape by authorizing the SEC to promulgate rules of professional conduct for securities lawyers and directing the SEC to issue a rule requiring securities lawyers to climb the corporate ladder to prevent or rectify …

Freedom Is To Confinement As Twilight Is To Dusk: The Unfortunate Logic Of Sexual Predator Statutes, Julia C. Walker

Missouri Law Review

This Law Summary begins with a brief overview of the clinical treatment of sexual predators. The clinical background section enhances the discussion of legislation and jurisprudence because the adjudication of an individual as a sexually violent predator, in many states, involves testimony form medical experts and findings as to the individual’s ability to control his behavior, and, consequently, the likelihood that he will re-offend if he is released. This Law Summary then describes the legislative and judicial responses to sexual predators as well as the United States Supreme Court’s interpretation of sexually violent predator statutes and its declaration of their …

Election 2000: Aarp Portrayals Of Presidential Candidates And Issues, Jeremy Harris Lipschultz, Michael L. Hilt

Communication Faculty Publications

The 2000 United States presidential election was one of the closest in history, and issues of importance to older Americans such as Social Security, prescription drugs, and taxes were front and center in the national debate. This article examines how AARP, formerly the American Association of Retired Persons, portrayed the candidates and issues through its two publications: AARP Bulletin and Modern Maturity.

The 2000 United States presidential election was one of the closest in history (Kranish & Johnson, 2000). Additionally, throughout the summer and fall of 2000, poll data suggested a split electorate (Whitman, 2000). Issues of importance to older …

The Effects Of Wilderness Therapy On The Perceived Psychosocial Stressors, Defense Styles, Dysfunctional Personality Patterns, Clinical Syndromes, And Maladaptive Behaviors Of Troubled Adolescents, Jeffrey P. Clark

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The purpose of this study was fourfold: (a) to empirically evaluate the correlation between perceived psychosocial stressors (expressed concerns), immature defense styles, dysfunctional personality patterns, clinical syndromes, and maladaptive behaviors, as measured by the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI), Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40), and Youth Outcome Questionnaire-2.0 (YOQ); (b) to look at how wilderness therapy affects the expressed concerns, immature defense styles, clinical syndromes, dysfunctional personality patterns, and maladaptive behaviors of troubled adolescents; (c) to see if subjects whose post-test defense styles change improve more than subjects whose defense styles remain the same or get worse; and (d) to begin …

Dynamical Evolutionary Psychology: Mapping The Domains Of The New Interactionist Paradigm, Douglas T. Kenrick, Jon K. Maner, Jon Butner, Norman P. Li, D. Vaughn Becker, Mark Schaller

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Dynamical systems and evolutionary theories have both been proposed as integrative approaches to psychology. These approaches are typically applied to different sets of questions. Dynamical systems models address the properties of psychological systems as they emerge and change over time; evolutionary models address the specific functions and contents of psychological structures. New insights can be achieved by integrating these two paradigms, and we propose a framework to begin doing so. The framework specifies a set of six evolutionarily fundamental social goals that place predictable constraints on emergent processes within and between individuals, influencing their dynamics over the short-term, and across …

Mckillop Library Newsbrief Nov 2002

McKillop Library Newsbrief

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Study Of Bullying Behavior In Federal Law Enforcement: An Examination Of Former Officers' Perceptions Regarding The Problem, Rande W. Matteson

Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios

The purpose of this phenomenological research project was to study and review through naturalistic inquiry, the perceptions of former federal agents and officers as to whether they believe they were bullied at their workplace, and if so, what did those participants do to cope or adjust to the bullying behavior. Multiple sources for data collection were deployed to explore and examine whether former agents perceive they were bullied at work and what mechanisms those employees found were helpful as coping strategies.

This research project used a non-random, purposeful sample selected from contacts established through the Federal Law Enforcement Officers Association. …

The Sociophysiology Of Caring In The Doctor-Patient Relationship, Herbert M. Adler

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

The emotional investment required to construct a caring doctor-patient relationship can be justified on humane grounds. Can it also be justified as a direct physiologic intervention? Two lines of evidence point in this direction. People in an empathic relationship exhibit a correlation of indicators of autonomic activity. This occurs between speakers and responsive listeners, members of a coherent group, and bonded pairs of higher social animals. Furthermore, the experience of feeling cared about in a relationship reduces the secretion of stress hormones and shifts the neuroendocrine system toward homeostasis. Because the social engagement of emotions is simultaneously the social engagement …

When Heads Were Headlines, Anthony A. Walsh

Faculty and Staff - Articles & Papers

A history of phrenology in the United States. Theories of Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Christoph Spurzheim. Visit of Johann Christoph Spurzheim to Boston for public lecture series. Death of Spurzheim in Boston. Activities of Orson Squire Fowler. Phrenological lecture tour of the Fowler brothers. Establishment of Fowlers & Wells publishing company. Fading of phrenology in the 20th century.

From The Pentagon: Public Statements On Intelligence, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article provides commentary on public statements concerning intelligence by senior officials within the Department of Defense.