Digital Commons Network^™

Digital Divide, Digital Opportunities: A Statistical Overview, Lee Price

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Excerpted from remarks made at the Comm/Ent Symposium on the Digital Divide.

Incongruent Disproportionality, K. G. Jan Pillai

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

Since 1997, a sharply divided Supreme Court has decreed that all laws enacted by Congress in exercise of its enforcement powers under the Fourteenth Amendment must pass a newly-minted test of "congruence and proportionality." The Court insisted that the test is necessary to restrain Congress from enacting "substantive" legislation that transgresses its "remedial" powers and unconstitutionally intrudes upon the domain of state sovereignty. Every enforcement legislation that subsequently came up for the Court's scrutiny was held unconstitutional for failure to satisfy the proportionality test. The most heartwrenching casualty of the test is the American with Disabilities Act, which the Court …

Four Anharmonic Oscillators On A Circle, J. N. Boyd, R. G. Hudepohl, P. N. Raychowdhury

Virginia Journal of Science

Four identical, uniformly separated particles interconnected by ideal anharmonic springs are constrained to move on a fixed, frictionless circular track. The Lagrangian for the system is written and then transformed by matrix operations suggested by the symmetry of the arrangement of springs and particles. The equations of motion derived from the transformed Lagrangian yield four natural frequencies of motion.

Environmental Factors Contributing To The Disaggregation Of A Colonial Cyanoprokaryote And Its Influence On Picoplankton Abundance Within Lake Joyce, Virginia, Lewis F. Affronti Jr., B. Thomas Duquette

Virginia Journal of Science

A colonial cyanoprokaryote, Aphanocapsa holsatica and autotrophic picoplankton abundance were monitored weekly over a two year period in Lake Joyce, Virginia. Significant differences were observed in both the cyanoprokaryote and picoplankton abundance over the study period and an inverse relationship was observed between these two plankton groups. Disaggregation of colonies was shown to contribute to picoplankton populations where water temperature and precipitation input apparently trigger colony dispersion. This relationship is suggested to occur in other aquatic habitats. Results of this work and its implications for ecosystem dynamics are discussed.

Identification Of Subsonic P-Waves, Paul Michaels

CGISS Publications and Presentations

A field trial was conducted to test the existence of subsonic (V_p <331 m>/s) P-waves previously reported in the literature. A 1-m-long reverse profile was acquired with three-component (3C) geophones on a sandy silt (unified classification ML). The silt had a porosity of 54%, a degree of water saturation of 63%, and a plasticity index of 10. No subsonic P-waves were observed, although high frequency (up to 1200 Hz) Rayleigh waves were identified by hodogram analysis. These surface waves were observed with horizontal velocities that varied from 40 to 200 m/s. Hodogram observations and theory suggest that …

Depth Characterization Of Shallow Aquifers With Seismic Reflection, Part I—The Failure Of Nmo Velocity Analysis And Quantitative Error Prediction, John H. Bradford

CGISS Publications and Presentations

As seismic reflection data become more prevalent as input for quantitative environmental and engineering studies, there is a growing need to assess and improve the accuracy of reflection processing methodologies. It is common for compressional-wave velocities to increase by a factor of four or more where shallow, unconsolidated sediments change from a dry or partially watersaturated regime to full saturation. While this degree of velocity contrast is rare in conventional seismology, it is a common scenario in shallow environments and leads to significant problems when trying to record and interpret reflections within about the first 30 m below the water …

Academic Data Series, 2001-02 Edition, Office Of The Controller, Wright State University

Academic Data Series

A compilation of statistics extracted from the University's Banner System and Ohio Department of Higher Education resources for 2001-2002.

Absolutely Continuous Jacobi Operators, Steen Pedersen

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Domain Functionals And Exit Times For Brownian Motion, Chaocheng Huang, David Miller

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Two domain functionals describing the averaged expectation of exit times and averaged variance of exit times of Brownian motion from a domain, respectively, are studied.

A Proposed Undergraduate Bioinformatics Curriculum For Computer Scientists, Travis E. Doom, Michael L. Raymer, Dan E. Krane, Oscar Garcia

Kno.e.sis Publications

Bioinformatics is a new and rapidly evolving discipline that has emerged from the fields of experimental molecular biology and biochemistry, and from the the artificial intelligence, database, and algorithms disciplines of computer science. Largely because of the inherently interdisciplinary nature of bioinformatics research, academia has been slow to respond to strong industry and government demands for trained scientists to develop and apply novel bioinformatics techniques to the rapidly-growing, freely-available repositories of genetic and proteomic data. While some institutions are responding to this demand by establishing graduate programs in bioinformatics, the entrance barriers for these programs are high, largely due to …

Multi-Dimensional Regression Analysis Of Time-Series Data Streams, Yixin Chen, Guozhu Dong, Jiawei Han, Benjamin W. Wah, Jianyong Wang

Kno.e.sis Publications

Real-time production systems and other dynamic environments often generate tremendous (potentially infinite) amount of stream data; the volume of data is too huge to be stored on disks or scanned multiple times. Can we perform on-line, multi-dimensional analysis and data mining of such data to alert people about dramatic changes of situations and to initiate timely, high-quality responses? This is a challenging task.

In this paper, we investigate methods for online, multi-dimensional regression analysis of time-series stream data, with the following contributions: (1) our analysis shows that only a small number of compressed regression measures instead of the complete stream …

Donor And Acceptor Concentrations In Degenerate Inn, David C. Look, H. Lu, William J. Schaff, J. Jasinski, Z. Liliental-Weber

Physics Faculty Publications

A formalism is presented to determine donor (N_D) and acceptor (N_A) concentrations in wurtzitic InN characterized by degenerate carrier concentration (n) and mobility (μ). The theory includes scattering not only by charged point defects and impurities, but also by charged threading dislocations, of concentration N_dis. For a 0.45-μm-thick InN layer grown on Al₂O₃ by molecular beam epitaxy, having N_dis = 5×10¹⁰ cm⁻², determined by transmission electron microscopy, n(20 K) = 3.5×10¹⁸ cm⁻³ and μ(20 K) = 1055 cm^{2 …}

Hibal: A Hydrologic-Isotopic-Balance Model For Application To Paleolake Systems, Larry Benson, Fred Paillet

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A simple hydrologic-isotopic-balance (HIBAL) model for application to paleolake δ¹⁸O records is presented. Inputs to the model include discharge, on-lake precipitation, evaporation, and the δ¹⁸O values of these fluid fluxes. Monthly values of climatic parameters that govern the fractionation of ¹⁸O and ¹⁶O during evaporation have been extracted from historical data sets and held constant in the model. The ability of the model to simulate changes in the hydrologic balance and the δ¹⁸O evolution of the mixed layer has been demonstrated using measured data from Pyramid Lake, Nevada. Simulations of the response …

Passing The Torch Of Wildlife And Fisheries Management: Comparing The Attitudes And Values Of Younger And Older Conservation Professionals, Robert M. Muth, Rodney R. Zwick, Martha E. Mather, John F. Organ

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Wildlife-related values in American society are undergoing considerable change. Within the last few decades, non-consumptive recreational use of wildlife has increased dramatically; groups that subscribe to animal protection values (ranging from animal welfare to animal rights to animal liberation) are exercising increasing influence over wildlife policy, and the ranks of people who practice wildlife rehabilitation have grown significantly. In this time of questioning and change, it should not be surprising that the attitudes and values of conservation professionals are in transition as well. Within many agencies and academic institutions, the traditional focus on game management (Geist et al. 2001) is …

Animal Dissection And Evidence-Based Life-Science And Health-Professions Education, Nathan Nobis

Education Collection

Balcombe’s (2000, 2001) case for replacing learning methods that require pain, suffering, and death for animals with methods that do not (computer-assisted learning, three-dimensional models, videotapes, and other alternatives) can be seen as motivated by this evidentialist perspective. Balcombe provided a wealth of empirical evidence from educational studies to show that in most contexts animal dissection is not necessary—and even counterproductive—to achieve valid educational goals, especially higher order goals (concept learning and problem solving). He demonstrated that no sound defense of dissection has been given.

A Priestly View Of Bible Arithmetic: Deity's Regulative Aesthetic Activity Within Davidic Musicology, Ernest G. Mcclain

Research Resources

Reading arithmetic proportion in the bible via musical hermeneutics, this essay emphasizes the important role of music in predominantly aural cultures. Applying Patrick Heelan's non-distributive lattice logic to examples extracted from the bible, McClain applies the notion of regulative aesthetic activity to the Davidic musicology embedded in Bible mathology.  Includes several illustrative diagrams.

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Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

No abstract provided.

Inheritance Of Gray Leaf Spot Resistance In Corn, J. M. D. Crowley, A. R. Hallauer, C. A. Martinson

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Gray leaf spot disease, caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon and Daniels, has become a significant disease in Iowa corn (Zea mays L.) production. Incidence of gray leaf spot has increased with the increased use of conservation tillage practices. The inheritance of resistance to gray leaf spot was studied via use of generation mean analyses for five crosses and via use of 100 S₁ progenies developed from an F₂ population. Experiments were conducted at two locations that included either natural or artificial inoculation with C. zeae-maydis spores. Additive and dominance effects were significant in nearly all instances. Heritability for …

Fungi And Diseases Associated With Cultivated Switchgrass In Iowa, C. E. Gravert, G. P. Munkvold

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a native perennial prairie grass that is now cultivated as a forage crop and a biomass crop for renewable energy. Biomass yields of switchgrass in southern Iowa have recently dropped significantly in some fields and the reduction has been attributed to disease. A disease survey was conducted in 1999 to assess the prevalence of major diseases in Chariton Valley switchgrass production. There were disease symptoms present on switchgrass plants in each field and thirteen fungal species were identified from leaf, stem, and root samples. Two pathogenic fungi, Tilletia maclaganii and Colletotrichum graminicola, were present in …

Book Review - North American Box Turtles: A Natural History, Neil P. Bernstein

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

While I have only studied box turtles for four years, from the beginning, I was quickly impressed at the many studies and observations that had been published on North American box turtles. At the same time, I was also frustrated by the lack of syntheses of the material. For the beginning researcher or interested layperson, organizing the studies into a cohesive whole was daunting, and I attempted my own loose compilation that took me most of a summer. However, there is now a new book that provides the background and overview that I sought. C. Kenneth Dodd, a longtime researcher …

Book Review - The Guide To Iowa's State Preserves, Cornelia F. Mutel

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

The Iowa State Preserves System gives the highest protection afforded by law to sites "dedicated for maintenance as nearly as possible in [their] natural condition." To date, ninety sites have been dedicated as biological, geological, archaeological, scenic, or historic preserves, declaring that such use is the site's "highest, best, and most important use for the public benefit" (State Preserves Act of 1965). In a state as dramatically altered as Iowa, such remnants are of intense interest to professional and amateur naturalists of all inclinations, as well as to anyone who appreciates nature. Yet understanding the basic qualities of these preserve …

Soybean Canopy Gap Influence On Velvetleaf Seed Production, Shawn R. Wright, Micheal D. K. Owen, Douglas D. Buhler

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Gaps in the soybean row provide locations for velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) plant growth. Gap width, and velvetleaf plant location within the gap, were investigated for effect on seed production. There was no significant difference in velvetleaf capsule production between plants that grew either centered in a gap or at the western end of a gap in east-west oriented soybean rows. Also, there was no difference in plant survival, emergence through the soybean canopy, flowering, locule number per capsule, or average seed weight of velvetleaf based on gap width. However, there was a difference in capsule production based on gap width. …

Science Safety Status In Iowa Schools, Gerlovich A. Jack, Rahul Parsa, Bruce Frana, Theresa Stiner

Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS

Between May and December 2001, 574 Iowa science teachers participated in a statewide science safety project supported by financial assistance from the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Part one of the project focused on assessing the status of safety in Iowa secondary science programs. Part two was to provide teachers with information, tools, and training to address the identified needs. Three safety concerns were identified: one was associated with the age of lab facilities and two were related to safety training of teachers.

An Action Selection Mechanism For ‘Conscious’ Software Agents, A. Negatu, S. Franklin

CCRG Papers

No abstract provided.

How Elementary School Teachers Learn To Teach Mathematics, Phyllis Schneider Kirschner

Educational Studies Dissertations

This study examines how elementary school teachers learned to teach mathematics during their pre-service education and during their first few years of teaching. The study identifies those experiences teachers found to be most significant in their development as mathematics teachers. All seven teachers in this study had been taught using procedural methods and each had to find a way to integrate conceptual mathematics education into their own understanding. The study examines the teachers' motivations for pursuing this understanding and the circumstances that provided opportunities to do so.

A Note On Regular Rings With Stable Range One, H.V. Chen, A.Y.M. Chin

Research Publications (2000 to 2005)

It is known that a regular ring has stable range one if and only if it is unit regular. The purpose of this note is to give an independent and more elementary proof of this result.

Analysis Of Transient Response Of Saturated Porous Elastic Soil Under Cyclic Loading Using Element-Free Galerkin Method, M.R. Karim, T. Nogami, J.G. Wang

Research Publications (2000 to 2005)

A two-dimensional numerical procedure is presented to analyse the transient response of saturated porous elastic soil layer under cyclic loading. The procedure is based on the element-free Galerkin method and incorporated into the periodic conditions (temporal and spatial periodicity). Its shape function is constructed by moving least-square approximants, essential boundary conditions are implemented through Lagrange multipliers and the periodic conditions are implemented through a revised variational formulation. Time domain is discretized through the Crank-Nicolson scheme. Analytical solutions are developed to assess the effectiveness and accuracy of the current procedure in one and two dimensions. For only temporal periodic problems, a …

Developing An Intelligent User Manager System For Controlling Smart School Network Resources, Abdullah Gani, H. Mouratidis, N.S. Abouzakhar, G.A. Manson

Research Publications (2000 to 2005)

This paper presents an Intelligent User Manager System (UMAS) for controlling access to network resources in a Smart School network. Network resources, especially in a Smart School, are in short supply and relatively expensive to acquire, therefore a control mechanism should be in place so that available resources can be allocated for legitimate usages only. An intelligent mechanism using Fuzzy Logic is deployed for the purpose of knowledge learning in order to process all the user requests accordingly. A decision of granting a network resource request needs to be based on several data sets that represent the current network state, …

India's Collaboration In Science And Technology With Southeast Asian Countries, B.M. Gupta, K. Lal, Awang Ngah Zainab

Research Publications (2000 to 2005)

The collaboration in science and technology (S&T) is fast emerging in the scientific world. India recognized the importance of international scientific collaboration in S&T quite early and has signed a number of S&T agreements with South East Asian countries. In this paper, the collaboration is presented through the analysis of co-authored research papers published during the period 1996 to 2000 in the journals covered by the Science Citation Index. The study covers the nature and the areas of S&T collaborations, institutions involved, and the impact of these collaborations on their individual fields. It is revealed that a total of 329 …

Multivariable System Identification For Dynamic Discrete-Time Nonlinear System Using Genetic Algorithm, R. Ahmad, H. Jamaluddin, Mohd Azlan Hussain

Research Publications (2000 to 2005)

The development of a multivariable system identification model for dynamic discrete-time nonlinear system using genetic algorithm was discussed and analysed. The identification of model structure for a jacketed continuous stirred tank reactor or CSTR was taken as case study. The analysis showed that the proposed genetic algorithm provides an efficient way of determining the model structure of unknown nonlinear systems.