Digital Commons Network^™

Introduction--Keeping Secrets, Dale Carpenter

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

Personal Privacy And Common Goods: A Framework For Balancing Under The National Health Information Privacy Rule, Lawrence O. Gostin, James G. Hodge Jr.

Minnesota Law Review, Vols. 1-106:1 (1917-2021)

No abstract provided.

Youngstown: Pages From The Book Of Disquietude, Philip Bobbitt

Constitutional Commentary, Vols 1–36 (1984–2022)

No abstract provided.

Methods For Teaching Children With Autism, Maggie R. Gerdes

Honors Capstones

Autism is a developmental disorder that affects many children. Its causes are unknown. The focus of this paper will be providing a brief history of autism, diagnosing autism, and comparing and contrasting four intervention models which include: Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH), Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), Sensory Integration therapy (SI therapy), and Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) TEACCH is an approach that "requires adaptations that must occur in three major areas of the child's life: home, school, and community. Starting with a comprehensive assessment, the approach comprises a number of interconnected elements, which are …

Mechanisms Counteracting Swelling In Brain Cells During Hyponatremia, Herminia Pasantes-Morales, Rodrigo Franco, Benito Ordaz, Lenin D. Ochoa

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Water gain in the brain consequent to hyponatremia is counteracted by mechanisms that initially include a compensatory displacement of liquid from the interstitial space to cerebrospinal fluid and systemic circulation and subsequently an active reduction in cell water accomplished by extrusion of intracellular osmolytes to reach osmotic equilibrium. Potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl^–), amino acids, polyalcohols, and methylamines all contribute to volume regulation, with a major contribution of ions at the early phase and of organic osmolytes at the late phase of the regulatory process. Experimental models in vitro show that osmolyte fluxes occur via leak pathways …

The Atp:Co(I)Rrinoid Adenosyltransferase (Coba) Enzyme Of Salmonella Enterica Requires The 2’-Oh Group Of Atp For Function And Yields Inorganic Triphosphate As Its Reaction Byproduct, Maris V. Fonseca, Nicole R. Baun, Alexander R. Horswill, Ivan Rayment, Jorge C. Escalante-Semerena

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The specificity of the ATP:corrinoid adenosyltransferase

(CobA) enzyme of Salmonella enterica serovar

Typhimurium LT2 for its nucleotide substrate was

tested using ATP analogs and alternative nucleotide donors.

The enzyme showed broad specificity for the nucleotide

base and required the 2’-OH group of the ribosyl

moiety of ATP for activity. ³¹P NMR spectroscopy

was used to identify inorganic triphosphate (PPP_i) as

the byproduct of the reaction catalyzed by the CobA

enzyme. Cleavage of triphosphate into pyrophosphate

and orthophosphate did not occur, indicating that

triphosphate cleavage was not required for release of

the adenosylcorrinoid product. Triphosphate was …

Triage In The Nation's Medicine Cabinet: The Puzzling Scarcity Of Vaccines And Other Drugs, Lars Noah

South Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Federal Government's Role In Protecting Public Health, Ernie Fletcher

Kentucky Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Naive Environmentalist, Frank B. Cross

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Life Of The Law - A Moving Story, Laura Nader

Valparaiso University Law Review

No abstract provided.

A Spurious Solution To A Genuine Problem: An In-Depth Look At The 1848 Import Drugs Act, Angela Walch

Faculty Articles

The Import Drugs Act has been relatively ignored by the academic community, and is most often relegated to a passing reference in a footnote. Yet the Act represents an important step in our nation's creation of a safe supply of drugs, and thus deserves some attention. In this paper, I give the Act that attention, and seek to place it in an historical context. In Chapter 1, I describe how Congressional action was prompted by medical conditions during the Mexican War and the belief that American soldiers were being given adulterated drugs. Chapter 2 describes the involvement of the professional …

Discussion Of A Regional Agreement For Small Cetacean Conservation In The Indian Ocean, Margi Prideaux

California Western International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Asha Awards Program, American School Health Association

Selections from the Elena M. Sliepcevich papers

No abstract provided.

Just Say No: The Cipro Craze And Managed Care - Applying The Hand Formula To Managed Care Decisions, Daniel L. Freidlin

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

Australian Medico-Legal Issues In Sport: The View From The Grandstand, Hayden Opie

Marquette Sports Law Review

No abstract provided.

Washington University School Of Medicine Bulletin, 2002-2003

Washington University School of Medicine Bulletins

No abstract provided.

Changes In Functional Limitations And Survival Among The Elderly In Taiwan: 1993, 1996, And 1999, Zachary Zimmer, Linda G. Martin, Ming-Cheng Chang

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper focuses on changes in the prevalence of functional limitations among nationally representative samples of adults aged 65 and older in Taiwan as measured in 1993, 1996, and 1999. Using data from the Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan, we investigate changes in difficulties walking and climbing stairs, two tasks that represent basic lower body movements that are less likely to be influenced by changes in living environments and social roles than are activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Results are shown for both unadjusted prevalence rates and rates adjusted …

How Community Structures Of Time And Opportunity Shape Adolescent Sexual Behavior In South Africa, Carol E. Kaufman, Shelley Clark, Ntsiki Manzini, Julian May

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Recently, South Africa has led the world in rates of HIV/AIDS infection. Particularly among young adults, the prevalence of HIV has soared, now reaching 25 percent. The statistics suggest a high level of unprotected sex and risky sexual behavior even in the midst of high levels of knowledge. Research has focused on the dynamics of individuals’ and partners’ sexual decisionmaking. Little is known, however, about the larger context in which those decisions are made. What are the everyday experiences that influence risk-taking? Are young people with little to do more likely to engage in risky behavior? Do community opportunities of …

Universal Sexuality Education In Mongolia: Educating Today To Protect Tomorrow, Delia Barcelona, Laura Laski, Caitlin Gerdts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of Quality/Calidad/Qualité demonstrates how Mongolia developed a national plan to a provide a comprehensive sexual and reproductive health curriculum and media for adolescents. Among the lessons learned from the Mongolian experience were the following: 1) questions about unwanted sexual relations and sexual roles were the most pressing among adolescents, especially girls; 2) printed media are efficient and inexpensive; and 3) parental opposition was almost nonexistent in certain settings—often they expressed gratitude for this education.

Antimicrobial Peptides: A Potential Therapeutic Alternative For The Treatment Of Fish Diseases, Ali̇ye Sarmaşik

Turkish Journal of Biology

Fish losses from infectious diseases are a significant problem in aquaculture worldwide. However, peptide antibiotics show potent activity against a broad range of pathogens including fish pathogens. Therefore, the ability of antimicrobial peptides to protect fish against infections caused by fish pathogens clearly shows the potential for utilisation of antimicrobial peptides for the treatment of fish diseases. The strategy of overexpressing the antimicrobial peptide genes in transgenic fish may provide a method of decreasing fish disease problems in aquaculture.

2001 Annual Report, Goffstown, New Hampshire., Goffstown Town Representatives

Goffstown, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Mycobacterium Bovis–Infected White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus): Detection Of Immunoglobulin Specific To Crude Mycobacterial Antigens By Elisa, W. Ray Waters, Mitchell V. Palmer, Diana L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have recently emerged as a source of Mycobacterium bovis infection for cattle within North America. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibody response of M. bovis–infected deer to crude mycobacterial antigens. Deer were experimentally inoculated with M. bovis strain 1315 either by intratonsilar instillation or by exposure to M. bovis–infected (i.e., in contact) deer. To determine the time course of the response, including the effects of antigen administration for comparative cervical skin testing, serum was collected periodically and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin (i.e., IgG heavy …

Nitric Oxide Production As An Indication Of Mycobacterium Bovis Infection In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), W. R. Waters, M. V. Palmer, R. E. Sacco, D. L. Whipple

Michigan Bovine Tuberculosis Bibliography and Database

White-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) are reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in northeast Michigan, USA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is a potent mechanism of mycobacterial killing. The capacity of macrophages to produce NO, however, varies among mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if mononuclear cells from white-tailed deer produce nitrite as an indication of NO production and, if so, is NO produced in response to stimulation with M. bovis antigens. Supernatants were harvested from adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures that had been stimulated with either Mannheimia haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or …

Lipid Raft Microdomains: A Gateway For Compartmentalized Trafficking Of Ebola And Marburg Viruses, Sina Bavair, Catherine Bosio, Elizabeth Wiegand, Gordon Ruthel, Amy Will, Thomas Geisbert, Michael Hevey, Connie Schmaljohn, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute Of Infectious Diseases, M. Javad Aman

United States Army: Publications

Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the compartmentalization of Ebola and Marburg viral proteins within lipid rafts during viral assembly and budding. Filoviruses released from infected cells incorporated raft-associated molecules, suggesting that viral exit occurs at the rafts. Ectopic expression of Ebola matrix protein and glycoprotein supported raft-dependent release of filamentous, virus-like particles (VLPs), strikingly similar to live virus as revealed by electron microscopy. Our findings also revealed that the entry of filoviruses requires functional rafts, identifying rafts as the …

Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy: A Newly Recognized Fatal Neurological Disease Of Eagles, Waterfowl And Other Birds, John R. Fischer, Lynn A. Lewis, Tom Augspurger, Tonie E. Rocke

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Since 1994, wildlife biologists and wildlife health specialists have worked to determine the cause of avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM), a neurologic disease of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and other birds. The causes of morbidity and mortality in wildlife typically are determined through both antemortem and postmortem examinations, combined with ancillary tests for microbiological organisms, toxicants and other etiologies. However, the etiology of AVM has not been determined yet, despite extensive diagnostic investigations, including examinations for common disease agents, as well as infrequent or unusual causes of mortality. With the failure of standard diagnostic testing to determine the cause …

The Influence Of Sylvatic Plague On North American Wildlife At The Landscape Level, With Special Emphasis On Black-Footed Ferret And Prairie Dog Conservation, Michael F. Antolin, Pete Gober, Bob Luce, Dean E. Biggins, William E. Van Pelt, David B. Seery, Micael Lockhart, Mark Ball

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

"Prairie-dogs are distributed over a large part of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions. Their colonies often number thousands of individuals, and their destruction of grasses and other forage plants makes them of considerable economic importance. Drastic measures are frequently necessary to prevent the destruction of crops of grain and hay. The Biological Survey is exterminating these rodents in national forests and in the public domain. The information in this report, in regards to the several species and their distribution, as indicated by maps, will aid materially in efforts, national or state, to control or exterminate them," said Henry …

A Biologic Basis For Integrated Malaria Control, F. Ellis Mckenzie, J. Kevin Baird, John C. Beier, Altaf A. Lal, William H. Bossert

United States Navy: Publications

In a series ofmodels of Plasmodium falciparum dynamics, spontaneous local extinctions ofthe parasite sometimes occurred under steady, perennial-transmission conditions. These extinctions occurred only with extremely low mosquito densities or when the parameter describing the duration ofhu man infection-blocking immunity was at its maximum value, and, simultaneously, those describing vector survivorship and the duration ofhuman infectivity were at their minimum values. The range and frequency of extinctions increased with seasonal transmission, and decreased with the emergence ofrecombinant genotypes. Here we extend the immunity parameter up to levels that would describe a successful vaccine, and examine the combined influences of seasonality, genotype …

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Atovaquone/Proguanil For The Prevention Of Plasmodium Falciparum Or Plasmodium Vivax Malaria Among Migrants To Papua, Indonesia, Judith Ling, J. Kevin Baird, David J. Fryauff, Priyanto Sismadi, Michael J. Bangs, Mark Lacy, Mazie J. Barcus, Robert Gramzinski, Jason D. Maguire, Marti Kumusumangsih, Gerri B. Miller, Trevor R. Jones, Jeffrey D. Chulay, Stephen L. Hoffman, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit # 2 Clinical Trial Team

United States Navy: Publications

The increasing prevalence of resistance to antimalarial drugs reduces options for malaria prophylaxis. Atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone; GlaxoSmithKline) has been 195% effective in preventing Plasmodium falciparum malaria in lifelong residents of areas of holoendemicity, but data from persons without clinical immunity or who are at risk for Plasmodium vivax malaria have not been described. We conducted a randomized, double-blinded study involving 297 people from areas of nonendemicity in Indonesia who migrated to Papua (where malaria is endemic) 26 months before the study period. Subjects received prophylaxis with 1 Malarone tablet (250 mg of atovaquone and 100 mg of proguanil hydrochloride; np 148) …

West Nile Virus: A Threat To North American Avian Species, Robert G. Mclean

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced into the United States (US), specifically in New York City (NYC), in 1999; this translocation represented a major shift out of its normal geographical distribution of Africa, the Middle East, Europe and the western parts of Asia (Center for Disease Control 1999a). The route or method of entry into the US is still unknown. WNV is in the genus Flavivirus, the family Flaviviridae and is closely related to some other viruses in this family, such as Japanese encephalitis virus in Southeast Asia, Murray Valley encephalitis virus in Australia and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) …

A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Comparison Of Levofloxacin And Azithromycin Plus Ceftriaxone In Hospitalized Adults With Moderate To Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Elliott Frank, Jing Liu, Gary Kinasewitz, Gregory J. Moran, Margaret P. Oross, William H. Olson, Veronica Reichl, Susan Freitag, Neelam Bahal, Barbara A. Wiesinger, Alan Tennenberg, James B. Kahn

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Abstract

Background: Changing etiologic patterns and the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, particularly an increase in macrolide-resistant pneumococcal bacteremia, are causing physicians to adopt new approaches to the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Objective: The relative efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin monotherapy and azithromycin and ceftriaxone combination therapy were assessed in hospitalized adults with moderate to severe CAP.

Methods: This Phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial compared 2 treatment regimens: (1) levofloxacin 500 mg PO or IV q24h, and (2) azithromycin 500 mg IV q24h for ≥2 days plus ceftriaxone 1 g IV q24h for 2 days, …