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2001

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Absolute Geostrophic Velocity Within The Subantarctic Front In The Pacific Ocean, Kathleen A. Donohue, Erin Firing, Shuiming Chen Jan 2001

Absolute Geostrophic Velocity Within The Subantarctic Front In The Pacific Ocean, Kathleen A. Donohue, Erin Firing, Shuiming Chen

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Velocity measurements from a shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) are used as a reference for geostrophic current calculations on six sections across the Subantarctic Front (SAF) in the Pacific Ocean. The resulting cross‐track velocity estimates near the bottom range from 4 to 10 cm s−1 to the east in the eastward jet at the SAF; in adjacent regions of westward surface flow, the near‐bottom velocity is usually to the west. On one section where simultaneous lowered ADCP velocity profiles are available, they confirm the results from the shipboard ADCP. Annual mean velocity sections from the Parallel Ocean Program …


A Characterization Of The North Atlantic Stmw Layer Climatology Using World Ocean Atlas 1994 Data, Michael A. Alfultis, Peter C. Cornillon Jan 2001

A Characterization Of The North Atlantic Stmw Layer Climatology Using World Ocean Atlas 1994 Data, Michael A. Alfultis, Peter C. Cornillon

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) layer was identified based on its temperature, large thickness, and small temperature gradient. Comparisons between this method and identifying the STMW layer using a density-based (i.e., potential vorticity) criteria indicate that this method successfully identifies the STMW layer as the remnant of the previous winter's convective mixing. By using this temperature-based characterization of the STMW layer, this method was able to develop a climatology using the large number of expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) deployed between 1968 and 1988, and contained in the World Ocean Atlas 1994 historical hydrographic database. From this climatology, the STMW …


Annual And Interannual Changes In The North Atlantic Stmw Layer Properties, Michael A. Alfultis, Peter C. Cornillon Jan 2001

Annual And Interannual Changes In The North Atlantic Stmw Layer Properties, Michael A. Alfultis, Peter C. Cornillon

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Subtropical mode waters (STWMs) are water masses formed in winter by convective mixing on the equatorward side of western boundary currents in the subtropical gyres. After the return of the seasonal stratification in spring, it is found at the stratification minimum between the seasonal and main pycnoclines. By characterizing STMW primarily at the density gradient minimum, previous studies were limited in their ability to describe STMW properties over large temporal and spatial scales. Rather than using a density-based characterization, the North Atlantic STMW layer was identified here by its much smaller temperature gradient relative to the more stratified seasonal and …


The Impact Of Ocean Coupling On Hurricanes During Landfall, Weixing Shen, Isaac Ginis Jan 2001

The Impact Of Ocean Coupling On Hurricanes During Landfall, Weixing Shen, Isaac Ginis

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

The impact of ocean coupling on landfalling hurricanes is studied using a coupled hurricane‐ocean model with idealized atmospheric and oceanic conditions. We focus here on coastal sea surface temperature responses and their effects on hurricanes during landfall. We find that given the ocean thermal stratification, the hurricane‐induced sea surface cooling is nearly independent of the ocean depth as long as the ocean is considerably deeper than the mixed layer. After the storm center moves inland, the near‐surface processes around the storm core area are influenced by the sea surface cooling behind and on the right side of the storm track …


Pfiesteria: Review Of The Science And Identification Of Research Gaps. Report For The National Center For Environmental Health, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, Jonathan Samett, Gary S. Bignami, Robert Feldman, William Hawkins, Jerry Neff, Theodore Smayda Jan 2001

Pfiesteria: Review Of The Science And Identification Of Research Gaps. Report For The National Center For Environmental Health, Centers For Disease Control And Prevention, Jonathan Samett, Gary S. Bignami, Robert Feldman, William Hawkins, Jerry Neff, Theodore Smayda

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

In connection with the CDC National Conference on Pfiesteria, a multidisciplinary panel evaluated Pfiesteria-related research. The panel set out what was known and what was not known about adverse effects of the organism on estuarine ecology, fish, and human health; assessed the methods used in Pfiesteria research; and offered suggestions to address data gaps. The panel's expertise covered dinoflagellate ecology; fish pathology and toxicology; laboratory measurement of toxins, epidemiology, and neurology. The panel evaluated peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature available through June 2000 in a systematic conceptual framework that moved from the source of exposure, through exposure research and dose, …


Zooplankton Feeding Behavior And Particle Selection In Natural Plankton Assemblages Containing Toxic Alexandrium Spp., Gregory J. Teegarden, Robert G. Campbell, Edward G. Durbin Jan 2001

Zooplankton Feeding Behavior And Particle Selection In Natural Plankton Assemblages Containing Toxic Alexandrium Spp., Gregory J. Teegarden, Robert G. Campbell, Edward G. Durbin

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Laboratory experiments suggest that toxic Alexandrium spp. cells are unpalatable to zooplankton grazers, and that toxic cells should be selectively avoided by zooplankton when feeding in mixtures of different prey species. Such avoidance, if practised in the wild, might contribute to harmful bloom formation by reducing losses of Alexandrium spp. due to grazing. In the spring of 1998 and 1999, during Œred tide¹ outbreaks in the southwestern Gulf of Maine, weekly experiments were performed using field collected natural water samples with ambient phytoplankton and dominant mesozooplankton grazers. The feeding response of Acartia hudsonica, Semibalanus balanoides nauplii, and Calanus finmarchicus …


Nucleic Acids And Growth Of Calanus Finmarchicus In The Laboratory Under Different Food And Temperature Conditions, Melissa M. Wagner, Robert G. Campbell, Carla A. Boudreau, Edward G. Durbin Jan 2001

Nucleic Acids And Growth Of Calanus Finmarchicus In The Laboratory Under Different Food And Temperature Conditions, Melissa M. Wagner, Robert G. Campbell, Carla A. Boudreau, Edward G. Durbin

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

We examined the effects of food concentration and temperature on nucleic acids and protein content of Calanus finmarchicus in order to evaluate the use of RNA as a growth rate index for this species. We measured RNA, DNA, and protein content of copepods reared from egg to adult stage in 5 combinations of food and temperature conditions (25 to 500 µg C l-1, 4 to 12°C). At 8°C, DNA, RNA and protein content and RNA:DNA differed among food treatments during Stages N6 through to adult female. Protein:DNA ratios and RNA:protein ratios were significantly different among food levels for …


Mapping Abyssal Current And Pressure Fields Under The Meandering Gulf Stream, D. Randolph Watts, Xiaoshu Qian, Karen L. Tracey Jan 2001

Mapping Abyssal Current And Pressure Fields Under The Meandering Gulf Stream, D. Randolph Watts, Xiaoshu Qian, Karen L. Tracey

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Using bottom pressure measurements and current meter measurements at 3500-m depth at 12 sites under the Gulf Stream near 68°W daily optimally interpolated (OI) maps have been constructed for June 1988 to August 1990. Prior to mapping, the pressure records were leveled (referenced to the same absolute geopotential) using the current measurements under the assumption that their mean fields are geostrophic. The leveled pressures were subsequently used together with the current measurements in a multivariate, nondivergent OI mapping procedure. This procedure significantly reduced the mapping errors, because both pressure and its (geostrophic) gradient are specified as inputs. The mapped bottom …


Bay Anchovy Anchoa Mitchilli In Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. I. Population Structure, Growth And Mortality, Amy E. Lapolla Jan 2001

Bay Anchovy Anchoa Mitchilli In Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. I. Population Structure, Growth And Mortality, Amy E. Lapolla

Graduate School of Oceanography Faculty Publications

Population structure, growth and mortality of Anchoa mitchilli were evaluated in Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA), an estuary near the northern extent of this species¹ broad latitudinal range. The Narragansett Bay population was dominated by young fish (Age 1 and young-of-the-year, YOY); no fish were found to have survived a third winter. Growth rates were rapid, particularly during the first year of life, and annual mortality rates were estimated at >90%. A von Bertalanffy growth model fit to length-at-age data yielded parameters of asymptotic length Lƒ = 89.97, growth coefficient K = 1.15 and age at zero length t …


When Inclusion Leads To Exclusion: The Uncharted Terrain Of Community Participation In Economic Development, Audrey Mcfarlane Jan 2001

When Inclusion Leads To Exclusion: The Uncharted Terrain Of Community Participation In Economic Development, Audrey Mcfarlane

All Faculty Scholarship

Since the advent of federally-sponsored urban development, the federal government has sought to facilitate decentralized decision-making by local governments. These federal programs have also strongly encouraged local governments to include community participation in the development decision-making process. Participation evokes notions of democracy, egalitarianism, and inclusion and it is easy to support in principle. But participation is often less easy to support in practice because of its structural disconnect with urban development. This disconnect between principle and practice has been reflected in an ebb and flow of contrastingly strong and weak mandates for participation. This ebb and flow of federally-mandated participation …


The Idea Of Adoption: An Inquiry Into The History Of Adult Adoptee Access To Birth Records, Elizabeth Samuels Jan 2001

The Idea Of Adoption: An Inquiry Into The History Of Adult Adoptee Access To Birth Records, Elizabeth Samuels

All Faculty Scholarship

There has been in recent years and there continues to be intense debate around the country about whether to open original birth records to adult adoptees. Our understanding of the legal history relevant to the debate has been incomplete and inaccurate. According to this understanding, the state laws that closed court and birth records to the parties to adoptions generally closed these records for all time to all parties; the laws had a primary purpose of insuring lifelong anonymity for birth parents; and the laws became nearly universal by about the middle of the twentieth century. In fact, the history …


The Strange History Of Adult Adoptee Access To Original Birth Records, Elizabeth Samuels Jan 2001

The Strange History Of Adult Adoptee Access To Original Birth Records, Elizabeth Samuels

All Faculty Scholarship

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, contemporary accounts reported that most states had sealed adoption court records completely but, typically, had sealed original birth certificates from all persons except adult adoptees. Through the 1950s influential experts recommended that original birth certificates remain available to adult adoptees, while birth and court records otherwise be closed to all persons except upon court order. In 1960 the laws in some 40 percent of the states still permitted adult adoptees to inspect them, but between 1960 and 1990 all but a handful of the rest of the states closed the birth records to …


Martha's Vineyard Survey: Data Collected By Bill Schwab And Bill Danforth - Usgs, Larry A. Mayer Jan 2001

Martha's Vineyard Survey: Data Collected By Bill Schwab And Bill Danforth - Usgs, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.


P-Glycoprotein-Associated Anthracycline Resistance In B-Cll: Potential For Cytokine Modulation, Varinia Graciela Munoz-Ritchie Jan 2001

P-Glycoprotein-Associated Anthracycline Resistance In B-Cll: Potential For Cytokine Modulation, Varinia Graciela Munoz-Ritchie

Other Faculty of Health Theses

The phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is generally associated with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and presents an obstacle to successful chemotherapy. Attempts to overcome P-gp-associated MDR using P-gp modulators, such as verapamil, have been hindered by their intrinsic in vivo toxicity. In 1991, however, Scala et al. demonstrated the alteration of P-gp function by interferon-alpha (IFN-α) in vitro at non-toxic in vivo concentrations, suggesting a basis for the use of IFN-α clinically in patients exhibiting P-gp-associated MDR. Drug resistance in B-CLL has been linked to the phenomenon of MDR, however, publications regarding this have been conflicting. The contrasting …


Interagency Coordination And Collaboration In The Management Of Child Sexual Abuse: In Australian And England, Anne Margaret Lawrence Jan 2001

Interagency Coordination And Collaboration In The Management Of Child Sexual Abuse: In Australian And England, Anne Margaret Lawrence

Other Faculty of Health Theses

This thesis focuses on interagency coordination and collaboration in the management of child sexual abuse in Australia and in England. The impetus for the research arose from the experience of the author as manager and practitioner in the area of child sexual abuse, while working in these two countries. Problems regarding the management of interagency cooperation had become apparent in child protection practice and were also recognized in the literature. Personal experience, as well as a review of the literature, revealed that there was a need for the identification and validation of the key mechanisms and processes underlying effective interagency …


Prophylaxis Of Disease Caused By Bacterial Pathogens Of Man, Richard William Titball Jan 2001

Prophylaxis Of Disease Caused By Bacterial Pathogens Of Man, Richard William Titball

Other Faculty of Health Theses

This thesis reports research undertaken which will lead to improved pretreatments and therapies for disease caused by Clostridium perfringens, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis and Burkholderia pseudomallei. C. perfringens is thought to be the most widely distributed bacterial pathogen and is the most important Clostridial species associated with enteric disease in domesticated animals. During warfare C. perfringens has been a significant causes of mortality. Between 1 and 10% of wounded personnel developed gas gangrene during the 1st and 2nd world wars. The ability of the bacterium to cause a range of diseases is due largely to the differential production of toxins. …


Cytokine Expression In Patients With B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, Anna Kaminski Jan 2001

Cytokine Expression In Patients With B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia, Anna Kaminski

Other Faculty of Health Theses

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) results from a clonal accumulation of CD5+ve B-lymphocytes. This expansion of B-lymphocytes is due to increased proliferation and extended survival secondary to decreased apoptosis. Both proliferation and apoptosis are regulated by a group of soluble proteins, termed cytokines, which are secreted by cells and play a key role in the regulation of immunological responses. In view of this, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of B-CLL was studied. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is an anti-apoptotic cytokine which up-regulates bcl-2 in malignant B-lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples, from untreated B-CLL patients were investigated, together with a group …


A Study Of The Role Of Cytokines In Acute Pancreatitis In Man, Alison Marie Smithies Jan 2001

A Study Of The Role Of Cytokines In Acute Pancreatitis In Man, Alison Marie Smithies

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease with a diverse aetiology and variableclinical course. The IL-l gene cluster has been implicated in this disease.Aims: The aims of the study were to investigate polymorphisms of the genes encoded within the IL-lgene cluster in patients with acute pancreatitis and normal controls and to determine therelationship between the polymorphisms and protein levels.Methods: Genotype and allele frequencies were determined in controls (n=217) and patients withacute pancreatitis (n=137) using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by digestion withrestriction endonucleases where applicable. Protein levels were determined using in vitrostimulation of PBMCs followed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent …


Study Of The Effect Of Turbulence On The Properties Of Flocculated Mud, Andrew Manning Jan 2001

Study Of The Effect Of Turbulence On The Properties Of Flocculated Mud, Andrew Manning

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

For the successful management of an estuary, an accurate simulation model predicting sediment transport patterns is a necessity. This requires a knowledge of the vertical mass settling flux (MSF), which is the product of the suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration and the settling velocity (Ws). However the presence of cohesive sediments (i.e. mud) complicates this description due to the ability of mud particles to flocculate into larger aggregates (floes) which demonstrate faster settling velocities and lower effective densities (pe) than the component cohesive particles. The generation of turbulent shear stress (TSS) within the water column is regarded as having a …


The Synthesis Of Estuarine Bathymetry From Sparse Sounding Data, Janet Eirlys Burroughes Jan 2001

The Synthesis Of Estuarine Bathymetry From Sparse Sounding Data, Janet Eirlys Burroughes

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

The two aims of the project involved: 1. Devising a system for prediction o f areas of bathymetric change within the Fal estuary 2. Formulating and evaluating a method for interpolating single beam acoustic bathymetry to avoid artefacts o f interpolation. In order to address these aims, sources of bathymetric data for the Fal estuary were identified as Truro Harbour Office, Cornwall County Council and the Environment Agency. The data collected from these sources included red wavelength Lidar, aerial photography and single beam acoustic bathymetry from a number of different years. These data were input into a Geographic Information System …


The Relationship Between Livestock Distribution Channels And Animal Welfare, Karen Christina Murray Jan 2001

The Relationship Between Livestock Distribution Channels And Animal Welfare, Karen Christina Murray

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

Major changes are taking place in all sectors of the livestock and meat producing industries from farm to consumer which impinge on the processes and patterns of livestock distribution from farm to slaughter. These changes are identified and described. A survey of the complete journeys from farm to abattoir of 18,393 slaughterweight lambs sold direct from farm to abattoir, via livestock auction markets and via electronic auctions was conducted. Lambs sold direct from farm to abattoir experienced shorter journeys (in terms of both median duration and distance) than lambs sold through either of the other two channels. Lambs sold through …


Implementing Marine Pollution Policy : Proposals For Change, Jonathan Peter Richards Jan 2001

Implementing Marine Pollution Policy : Proposals For Change, Jonathan Peter Richards

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the implementation of marine pollution policy, especially with regard to regulation of the hazardous substances which contaminate the marine environment- The purpose is to identify weaknesses in the current regulatory regime and to propose improvements. The study also aims to develop a new strategic framework for the implementation of the recent international policy commitments, which call for the complete cessation of discharges of hazardous substances into the marine environment by the year 2020. Furthermore, the study seeks to provide evidence to support or challenge current theories relating to regulation and policy …


Developments And Benefits Of Liquid Feeding Through Fermentation For The Post-Weaned Pig, Colm Anthony Moran Jan 2001

Developments And Benefits Of Liquid Feeding Through Fermentation For The Post-Weaned Pig, Colm Anthony Moran

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

A programme of study was undertaken to assess the safety and palatability of fermented liquid feed. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to select an inoculant capable of fermenting liquid feed at 20°C. Whilst combinations of cultures dropped the pH the most rapidly, the Lb. plantarum (PC) strain decreased the pH the lowest. A series of trials were conducted using a rifampicin mutant of Lb. plantarum (PC) to examine the fate of the starter culture. In an experiment using liquid milled wheat the addition of the starter culture resulted in an improvement in the inhibition of coliforms over the …


Music In Reality The Relation Of Music, Emotion And Pre-Socratic Myth, Brian Capleton Jan 2001

Music In Reality The Relation Of Music, Emotion And Pre-Socratic Myth, Brian Capleton

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis is in two sections. The first critically examines the tradition of harmonia mundi. The earliest complete and developed account of musica mundana appears in Plato, but numerous fragmented references appear in the pre-Socratic sources. The notion that harmonia mundi originated as an idea of quantitative speeds and distances of the celestial bodies, is discredited. Rather, it is shown that it more probably originates as an expression of an 'esoteric spiritual' teaching in which self-knowledge, death, the concept of harmonia, and consequently music, are related. The idea that the greatest importance of music rests on the relationship of music …


The Importance Of Being : The Autobiographical Subject In The Drama And Memoirs Of Ronald Duncan, Anna Claire Trussler Jan 2001

The Importance Of Being : The Autobiographical Subject In The Drama And Memoirs Of Ronald Duncan, Anna Claire Trussler

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This study developed after considerable time spent collating and cataloguing data contained in Ronald Duncan's archive. Familiarisation with the material led to my identifying a need to explore the elusive nature of the personality that biographical material should hope to uncover. Duncan was prone to mainly confessional writing, a kind of writing that demands a causal inference between life and work. Furthermore, the archive supplies multiple data sources that serve to aid chronology, trace reliability, provide external corroboration and investigate truth-value. My study follows a loosely chronological structure after discerning shifts in his thematic concerns. The years up until the …


Designing A Visual Component Of Communication Within 3d Avatar Virtual Worlds, Nicholas John Earle Jan 2001

Designing A Visual Component Of Communication Within 3d Avatar Virtual Worlds, Nicholas John Earle

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Over the last few years 3D avatar virtual worlds (AVW) have emerged on the Internet. These are computer generated, multi-user, graphical spaces within which people meet, form social groups and interact with each other in real time, typically through the exchange of text or audio messages. Each user is represented within the space by a digital image known as an avatar, which is usually humanoid in form, and is predominantly under the control of the person it represents. This thesisd escribesa creativep roject that is concernedw ith aspectso f social communication between users of "Ws. In particular, an avatar is …


Poetic Anatomy Of The Numinous Creative Passages Into The Self As Beloved, Partou Zia Jan 2001

Poetic Anatomy Of The Numinous Creative Passages Into The Self As Beloved, Partou Zia

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This research is shaped by the actual experience of practice: as painter and writer. My preoccupation is with the nodal moment when conscious awareness is suspended, and both the corporal and psychic involvement in realising the work almost transport one to another zone of effectiveness. This zone, which I name as the poetic zone, is where the numinous enters the ordinary. The investigation for a space/place/moment that lies beyond the logic of acceptable discourse can help initiate and give shape to a new vocabulary - visual or literary. By orchestrating a methodology, which functions on several layers, I have endeavoured …


From Rio To Romola: Morality And Didacticism In The English Appreciation Of Early Italian Art 1836-1863, Matthew T.W. Plampin Jan 2001

From Rio To Romola: Morality And Didacticism In The English Appreciation Of Early Italian Art 1836-1863, Matthew T.W. Plampin

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis takes as its starting point the marked rise in interest in the earlier schools of Italian painting in the English art world during the 1840s. Over the course of this decade the study and collection of so-called 'primitive' painting was transformed from a marginal pursuit to an aspect of mainstream taste. The thesis defines the critical discourse formulated in order to rationalise the taste for art works which failed to conform to the principles which had governed the appreciation of old master painting in previous decades. It also studies the ramifications of this discourse with regards to broader …


An Investigation Into The Factors Determining Ruminant Livestock Distribution In The Far South West, Dafydd Huw Davies Jan 2001

An Investigation Into The Factors Determining Ruminant Livestock Distribution In The Far South West, Dafydd Huw Davies

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

Major changes are taking place in all sectors of the livestock and meat producing industries from farm to consumer which impinge on the processes and pattems of livestock distribution from farm to slaughter. These changes are identified and described. A farm business survey of lowland beef and sheep finishers was undertaken, prior to the 2001 Foot and Mouth outbreak, to gain a better understanding of farm business behaviour in order to model the farm business strategies in relation to aggregate livestock channel utilisation. Statistically robust and predictive models using a number of derived latent strategic variables, distilling marketing and business …


Methodological Embodiments:: Psychical Corporeal Performances Of Subjective Specific Auto[Erotic)-Representations, Ryya Aviva Sanders Jan 2001

Methodological Embodiments:: Psychical Corporeal Performances Of Subjective Specific Auto[Erotic)-Representations, Ryya Aviva Sanders

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

A great deal of critical attention has been paid over the last twenty years at least to the relation of 'self and 'Other'. But what happens when the external 'other' is displaced to the periphery of the concerns of textual production? In order to explore this question Methodological Embodiments employs an interdisciplinary praxis that is not limited to the classic model of written theory. At the same time, it does not negate this form that has historical and ideological precedence within an academic context. The aim of this thesis is to juxtapose written theory with artistic practices in order to …