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2001

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Teacher Education Reform And Accountability: A Study Of The Louisiana Blue Ribbon Commission On Teacher Quality., Patricia Ann Davis Exner Jan 2001

Teacher Education Reform And Accountability: A Study Of The Louisiana Blue Ribbon Commission On Teacher Quality., Patricia Ann Davis Exner

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study describes Louisiana's 1999--2000 Blue Ribbon Commission on Teacher Quality, focusing primarily on Commission proceedings and the evolution of its recommendations within a context of standards-based teacher education reform history. Employing case study methodology contextualized in historical and ethnographic narrative, this nine month study examined policy recommendations for Louisiana's teacher education programs that resulted from Commission meetings. Aims of the study included describing the development of these recommendations, their relation to national teacher education reform movements, and their potential impact on university teacher preparation programs. The research provides not only documentation of Commission proceedings of some historical value, but …

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Surface Modification And Characterization Of Pmma Used In The Construction Of Microelectromechanical Systems., Alyssa Catharyn Henry Jan 2001

Surface Modification And Characterization Of Pmma Used In The Construction Of Microelectromechanical Systems., Alyssa Catharyn Henry

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, is a standard photoresist and is also a popular material out of which microelectromechanical systems are made. Described within is the characterization of the bulk and surface properties of commercial PMMA sheets and their relevance to PMMA as a photoresist. The surface chemical modification and characterization of commercial PMMA sheets is discussed; these modifications and their chemical properties have direct pertinence to the use of PMMA as a substrate for the fabrication of microelectromechanical devices. The molecular masses of pristine and irradiated PMMAs were determined by means of gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) and it was found that the …

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Atomic And Electronic Structure Of Ultra-Thin Metal Epitaxy On Metal And Semiconductor Surfaces., Dustin Alexander Hite Jan 2001

Atomic And Electronic Structure Of Ultra-Thin Metal Epitaxy On Metal And Semiconductor Surfaces., Dustin Alexander Hite

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The fundamental study of heteroepitaxy has proved to have profound influences on technological applications of thin films, particularly due to the reduced dimensionality and quantum mechanical effects found in these unique nanostructured systems. In this study, particular attention is given to the correlations between atomic-scale morphology and the consequential electronic structure of heteroepitaxial systems that exhibit deviations from traditional growth modes in the initial stages of growth. Surface-confined systems are especially interesting because they exhibit properties that are fundamentally different from the bulk and often have no bulk analogs existing in nature. The surface-sensitive techniques of variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy …

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A Neural Network Approach To Dependent *Reliability Estimation., Roya Javadpour Jan 2001

A Neural Network Approach To Dependent *Reliability Estimation., Roya Javadpour

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This research presents the creation of a new model for automating the generation of component and system reliability estimates from simulated field data for tightly coupled systems. The model utilizes the CMAC neural network architecture, which resembles the human cerebellum and is capable of approximating nonlinear functions. An analysis and testing of the network as a tool for reliability prediction of dependent components within an assembly has been performed. In order to evaluate the performance of the model, the network has been tested on simulated data and provided over 90% performance accuracy in learning non-linear functions that represent the dependency …

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Natural History And Phytogeography Of The Loess Hills And Ravines, Lower Mississippi Embayment., Igor Igorevich Ignatov Jan 2001

Natural History And Phytogeography Of The Loess Hills And Ravines, Lower Mississippi Embayment., Igor Igorevich Ignatov

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Although located near the middle of the Southeastern Coastal Plain, the hardwood forests of the Loess Hills of the Lower Mississippi Embayment have never been thoroughly studied or satisfactorily described in the literature. This dissertation is a case study of the biogeographic variation in the species composition and structure of the mature ravine hardwood forests within the southern section of the Loess Hills, from Warren County, Mississippi, south to East Baton Rouge and Vermilion Parishes, Louisiana, as affected by latitude, physiography, edaphic conditions, and disturbance. A parallel goal is, on the basis of the current biogeographic conditions and successional dynamics, …

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An Exploratory Study Of The Influence Of National And State Standards On Middle School Science Teachers' Classroom Assessment Practices., Kathy Jean Mcwaters Jan 2001

An Exploratory Study Of The Influence Of National And State Standards On Middle School Science Teachers' Classroom Assessment Practices., Kathy Jean Mcwaters

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Classroom assessment practices of middle school science teachers were identified and the influence of national and state science standards on these practices was examined. In Phase I of this study a mail questionnaire was sent to 450 middle school (grades 5,6,7 and 8) science teachers in 17 parishes in Louisiana to obtain information about their classroom assessment practices. In Phase II, nine middle school teachers in eight departmentalized classrooms, two classes at each grade, participated in a qualitative study. Data were collected through questionnaires, classroom observations, interviews and document analysis. Data analysis revealed three major categories of classroom assessment targets: …

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Wavelet Analysis And Classification Of Urban Environment Using High -Resolution Multispectral Image Data., Soe Win Myint Jan 2001

Wavelet Analysis And Classification Of Urban Environment Using High -Resolution Multispectral Image Data., Soe Win Myint

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Attempts to analyze urban features and classify land use and land cover directly from high-resolution satellite data with traditional computer classification techniques have proven to be inefficient. The fundamental problem usually found in identifying urban land cover types from high-resolution satellite imagery is that urban areas are composed of diverse materials (metal, glass, concrete, asphalt, plastic, trees, soil, etc.). These materials, each of which may have completely different spectral characteristics, are combined in complex ways by human beings. Hence, each urban land cover type may contain several different objects with different reflectance values. Noisy appearance with lots of edges, and …

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Studies Of Ultrathin Magnetic Films Using Synchrotron Radiation: Resonant Photoemission, Circular And Linear Magnetic Dichroism., Alexey Nikolaevich Koveshnikov Jan 2001

Studies Of Ultrathin Magnetic Films Using Synchrotron Radiation: Resonant Photoemission, Circular And Linear Magnetic Dichroism., Alexey Nikolaevich Koveshnikov

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The work described in this dissertation is a study of the relationship between structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of ultrathin films of 3d-transition metals grown epitaxially on Cu substrate. The two systems that we have studied are films of fcc-Co on Cu(001) and Cu(111) and Fe and oxidized Fe films on Cu(001). Both systems are either employed or have potential applications in the data storage industry. In order to provide information on the inter-relationship between the electronic structure and magnetic properties, we present results of magnetic dichroism observed in photoemission from the valence-bands and the shallow 3p core levels of …

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Breaking The Silence: Toward An Understanding Of Speaking Up In The Workplace., Sonya Fontenot Premeaux Jan 2001

Breaking The Silence: Toward An Understanding Of Speaking Up In The Workplace., Sonya Fontenot Premeaux

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Although management scholars and practitioners emphasize the importance of employee input to organizational success, research suggests that many workers are hesitant to express an opinion or voice a view because they fear repercussions. In this dissertation, I focus on the issue of employee workplace expression, introducing the concept of speaking up. I define speaking up as "openly stating one's views or opinions about workplace issues." Speaking up is distinguished from several related concepts that fall within a common construct space. Drawing on expectancy theory (Vroom, 1964) and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1988, 1991), I explain the process believed …

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Understanding The Connections Between High-Stakes Test Consequences And School Literacy Experiences., Deborah Karen Setliff Jan 2001

Understanding The Connections Between High-Stakes Test Consequences And School Literacy Experiences., Deborah Karen Setliff

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of this ethnographic study was to connect the remedial summer school experiences of two fourth-grade students and four fifth-grade students with their school literacy experiences the following year. Understanding the students' experiences and connecting the experiences with school personnel provided a link between the students' and school personnel's perceptions of high-stakes testing consequences. Bridging these perceptions through cross-case analysis revealed the physical, emotional, and philosophical effects high-stakes testing is having on the students, school administrators, classroom teachers, and reading curriculum and instruction at the two elementary schools studied. Integrating the findings at the two schools helped develop a …

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Mapping By Cooperative Mobile Robots., Thomas Oliver Smailus Jan 2001

Mapping By Cooperative Mobile Robots., Thomas Oliver Smailus

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Constructing a system of intelligent robotic mapping agents that can function in an unstructured and unknown environment is a challenging task. With the exploration of our solar system as well as our own planet requiring more robust mapping agents, and with the drastic drop in the price of technology versus the gains in performance, robotic mapping is becoming a focus of research like never before. Efforts are underway to send mobile robots to map bodies within our solar system. While much of the research in robotic map construction has been focused on building maps used by the robotic agents themselves, …

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Estimation Of Oceanic Surface Velocity Vector Fields Using Multiresolution., Guillermo Tonsmann Jan 2001

Estimation Of Oceanic Surface Velocity Vector Fields Using Multiresolution., Guillermo Tonsmann

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation presents a new method for the estimation of oceanic surface velocity vector fields using multiresolution. Multiresolution is the ability to analyze a signal at various levels of resolution. In this dissertation, wavelet analysis is used to obtain multiresolution. This method requires the use of two sea surface temperature (SST) images of the same region taken within a known time interval. Wavelet analysis is performed in both images to reveal their components at decreasing resolution levels. The comparison of these components at each level yields vector fields representing local displacements of features within the images. These vector fields are …

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William Albright's Sonata For Alto Saxophone And Piano: Analytical Insights And Performance Considerations., Brian Russell Utley Jan 2001

William Albright's Sonata For Alto Saxophone And Piano: Analytical Insights And Performance Considerations., Brian Russell Utley

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

William Albright's Sonata for Alto Saxophone and Piano amply demonstrates the stylistic eclecticism for which he is famous. The four movements exhibit distinct characters and musical languages, including references to compositional practices of the past, as in the two-part invention of the first movement and the follia of the second, and allusions to American popular music, as in the bebop sections of the finale. This polystylistic compositional approach also invites a variety of analytical techniques, including investigation into form, motivic development, register, texture, and pitch usage. This study, the first of its kind on Albright's sonata, examines these characteristics in …

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Metal Partitioning Among Tissues And Exoskeleton Of Palaemonetes Pugio And Its Role In Depuration And Trophic Transfer., Kristen Annette Keteles Jan 2001

Metal Partitioning Among Tissues And Exoskeleton Of Palaemonetes Pugio And Its Role In Depuration And Trophic Transfer., Kristen Annette Keteles

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The objective of this dissertation was to determine the partitioning of Cu, Zn and Cd between tissues and exoskeleton of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio Holthius, and to examine the consequences of this association. The role of the exoskeleton in the potential for depuration of metals through ecdysis was examined first. The portion eliminated with the exuviae varied for each metal; 11% Cu, 18% Zn, and 26% Cd of the total intermolt body burden was associated with exuviae. Some fraction of Cu and Cd in the exoskeleton was likely reabsorbed before molting but excess Zn was likely depurated through excretion. …

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Synthesis Of Water-Soluble Quaternary Ammonium Chitosan Derivatives And Their Potential Applications As Biocides., Dewayne Logan Jan 2001

Synthesis Of Water-Soluble Quaternary Ammonium Chitosan Derivatives And Their Potential Applications As Biocides., Dewayne Logan

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Chitosan is a polysaccharide obtained by deacetylating chitin, the major constituent of the exoskeleton of crustaceans. The driving force in the development of new applications for chitosan is not only is it naturally abundant, but it is non-toxic and biodegradable. It can be used as a chelating agent, coagulating agent, and flocculant. It has also been used to reduce blood cholesterol and as a dietary supplement. Chitosan derivatives have been synthesized for cosmetic applications and have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity. Further investigation of this potential activity is warranted due to increased antibiotic resistance. The focus of this work …

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Navigating Knowing/Complicating Truth: African American Learners Experiencing Oral History As Real Education., Lavada Taylor Brandon Jan 2001

Navigating Knowing/Complicating Truth: African American Learners Experiencing Oral History As Real Education., Lavada Taylor Brandon

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Dominant explanations for why urban African American learners dropout is that these students are "at-risk" (Swanson, 1991; Sartain,1989; Levine, 1988; Macchiarola, 1988). Such explanations blame the victim while exonerating the role schooling plays in shaping students' "at-risk" conditions (Woodson, 1933/1998; Tatum, 1997; Freire, 1970/1997; Shujaa, 1994; Gordon, 1993). This research contests these explanations for why African American learners dropout by centering 10 African American students' voices to highlight the role curriculum plays at casting them at-risk. Consequently, this work shifts reproach from individual students' home environments to the larger structural dimensions of curricula (what we know) and instruction (how we …

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Spatial Variability And Isotopic Studies Of The Prairie -Forest Transition Soil In Louisiana., Asfaw Bekele Jan 2001

Spatial Variability And Isotopic Studies Of The Prairie -Forest Transition Soil In Louisiana., Asfaw Bekele

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The calcareous prairies of Louisiana are among the most endangered ecosystems in North America. The major threat to this ecosystem is the invasion by woody and herbaceous plants, primarily eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana ). The restoration and management of these rare plant communities require a thorough understanding of the soils supporting them. Geostatistical, fractal, and stable isotopic procedures were integrated to study the soil and vegetation spatial variability. The prairie soil was alkaline, the forest soil was acidic, and the transition soil was neutral. The spherical model described the spatial variability of virtually all the soil properties considered with …

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The Influence Of An Active Postvention On The Length Of Time Elapsed Before Survivors Of Suicide Seek Treatment., Frank Ray Campbell Jan 2001

The Influence Of An Active Postvention On The Length Of Time Elapsed Before Survivors Of Suicide Seek Treatment., Frank Ray Campbell

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Those who are significantly impacted by the death of someone to suicide are known as survivors of suicide. This study examined two groups of suicide survivors, one group received an active postvention model (APM), and the other group received no active postvention model. The study utilized both t-test and chi-square to compare the groups based on key demographic characteristics. The study compared model of postvention (active versus passive) for the time elapsed between the suicide and the survivors seeking treatment. The two groups studied were survivors who sought treatment at a well established metropolitan crisis intervention center in the southern …

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Physiology And Lateralization Of Swallowing: A Comparison Between Young And Old Adults., Stephanie Kay Daniels Jan 2001

Physiology And Lateralization Of Swallowing: A Comparison Between Young And Old Adults., Stephanie Kay Daniels

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Age-related changes in discrete swallows have been well researched, but few studies have investigated sequential swallowing with little emphasis on age-related changes. It is also unclear whether the cortical representation of swallowing is lateralized to one hemisphere or is bilaterally represented. As such, the aims of this research were to examine deglutitive biomechanics of sequential straw swallowing (Experiment I), and study swallowing lateralization using a dual task paradigm in healthy, young and old adults (Experiment II). Thirty-eight right-handed men (young = 20, old = 18) were studied. Experiment I: Videofluoroscopic swallow samples of two 10-second straw drinking trials were obtained. …

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Professional Culture And Efficacy Correlates Of Organizational Effectiveness In Cooperative Extension Services., Rebecca Elaine White Jan 2001

Professional Culture And Efficacy Correlates Of Organizational Effectiveness In Cooperative Extension Services., Rebecca Elaine White

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Several important lines of inquiry have been developed during the past fifty years to study the complex nature of educational organizations. In particular, theorists, researchers, and educational policy makers have become increasingly concerned about the effectiveness of educational institutions. Recently, significant research and policy maker attention has been focused on issues of effectiveness of higher education. The Cooperative Extension Services as ancillary outreach units of state land grant universities are no exception and the extant literature has been focused primarily on outcomes as organizational effectiveness measures. This study addresses the need to develop more comprehensive conceptual frameworks for studying perceived …

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Performativity And Performance: Representing The Tattooed Body., Mindy Elaine Fenske Jan 2001

Performativity And Performance: Representing The Tattooed Body., Mindy Elaine Fenske

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In this study I examine visual representations of tattooed bodies in three arenas of cultural production: tattoo conventions, advertising, and neo-tribal books. Through the methodological lens of genealogies of performance, I analyze these texts' construction of the tattooed body as classed, gendered, and exotic. I argue that contemporary representations of the tattooed body resist and reproduce discursive power regimes by surrogating prior cultural performances and representations of performance. I argue that contemporary visual representations of the tattooed body succeed in resisting discursive authority when they performatively cite multiple and transgressive authorities. I additionally indicate that the body in representation transgresses …

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Teacher Efficacy, Administrator Efficacy, School Culture, And Leadership Density., Roy Wade Smith Jan 2001

Teacher Efficacy, Administrator Efficacy, School Culture, And Leadership Density., Roy Wade Smith

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This study examined new means for conceptualizing leadership in schools from a non-centrist perspective. Specifically, leadership in schools was conceived of, and studied as, an organizational construct rather than a set of personal attributes associated with positional authority. This non-centrist view of leadership is termed leadership density (Sergiovanni, 1987; Ellett, 1996), and is metaphorically represented in the study by characteristics of a small jazz combo. The primary focus of the study was the development of a new conceptual model of leadership, grounded within the small jazz combo metaphor. In an attempt to understand leadership from this new perspective, linkages between …

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The Across-Shelf Distribution Of Larval, Postlarval And Juvenile Fishes Collected At Oil And Gas Platforms And A Coastal Jetty Off Louisiana West Of The Mississippi River Delta., Frank Joseph Hernandez Jr Jan 2001

The Across-Shelf Distribution Of Larval, Postlarval And Juvenile Fishes Collected At Oil And Gas Platforms And A Coastal Jetty Off Louisiana West Of The Mississippi River Delta., Frank Joseph Hernandez Jr

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

A cross-shelf transect of three petroleum platforms and a coastal rock jetty (another hard-substrate, artificial habitat) in the northcentral Gulf were sampled to examine the role that oil and gas platforms (hard substrate habitat) may play in the early life history stages of reef-dependent and reef-associated fishes. The ichthyoplankton and juvenile fish assemblages were sampled at Green Canyon 18 (GC 18; 230 m depth, shelf slope); Grand Isle 94 (GI 94; 60 m depth, mid-shelf); and South Timbalier 54 (ST 54; 20 m depth, inner shelf) with passive plankton nets and light-traps and at a coastal rock jetty (Belle Pass; …

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Effect Of Chromium, Dried Brewers Yeast, And Mannan Oligosaccharides On Sow Productivity And Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs., Frederick Masson Lemieux Jr Jan 2001

Effect Of Chromium, Dried Brewers Yeast, And Mannan Oligosaccharides On Sow Productivity And Growth Performance Of Weanling Pigs., Frederick Masson Lemieux Jr

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of mannan oligosaccharides (Bio-Mos) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork quality of pigs. The first two experiments evaluated 0.20 and 0.30% Bio-Mos. The data indicated that the 0.20% level of Bio-Mos was more effective, and this level was used in the remainder of the experiments. Interactive effects of Bio-Mos and excess dietary Zn were evaluated in Exp. 2 and 3 and Trial 2 of Exp. 4. In Trial 1 of Exp. 4, Bio-Mos was fed with and without an antibiotic. In addition to the weanling pig experiments, 0.30% Bio-Mos was fed …

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Framing And Counterframing Of The Middle East Peace Process In The Arab -Israeli Press: A Comparative Analysis Of "Assafir" And "The Jerusalem Post"., Houda Hanna El-Koussa Jan 2001

Framing And Counterframing Of The Middle East Peace Process In The Arab -Israeli Press: A Comparative Analysis Of "Assafir" And "The Jerusalem Post"., Houda Hanna El-Koussa

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The Arabs and Israelis have been negotiating peace for the past ten years; however, the conflict still ignites with no apparent hope for any near resolution. Understanding the rhetorical construction of the peace reality may help in managing this conflict. This study examines the symbolic construction of the peace process in the Arab and Israeli press. It comparatively studies how the Arab and Israeli press, through language choice, define peace, elucidate its implications, and judge actors and actions involved in the peace process. This study identifies the metaphors used and the dominant rival frames constructed in two conflicting newspapers, Assafir …

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An Inquiry Into The Influence Of Taped Books On The Oral Reading Performance Of Struggling Third-Grade Readers., Dolores Doga Harris Jan 2001

An Inquiry Into The Influence Of Taped Books On The Oral Reading Performance Of Struggling Third-Grade Readers., Dolores Doga Harris

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

The purpose of the nine-week study was to explore, using taped book intervention, the oral reading fluency of six struggling third-grade readers. The low-income, inner city, African American students were selected using teacher recommendations, standardized test scores, and the school system's Grade Level Indicators of Essential Knowledge---Grade 3 English Language Arts. Procedures used in the study were observing, collecting field notes, reviewing documents, conducting open-ended interviews, prioritizing book selection interests, and making assessments. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included the following: (1) oral reading rate---the Gray Oral Reading Test-3 (GORT-3), two-minute timed readings, and Corduroy benchmark probes; (2) word recognition---Slosson Oral …

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English Immersion Program In Korea: Student Progress After Four Months Of Implementation., Jaiwon Jung Jan 2001

English Immersion Program In Korea: Student Progress After Four Months Of Implementation., Jaiwon Jung

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

In Korea, efforts to teach a non-native language, such as English, to Korean students usually result in native speakers acquiring limited language abilities. As a result, the teaching of English has little effect upon making native speakers fluent in a non-native language. Many foreign language instructors in Korea attempt to find new teaching methods to improve the performance of students in foreign language proficiency. Among the various innovative approaches of the 20th century, research has shown that the immersion approach may be one of the most effective means. Thus this dissertation introduces the innovative immersion teaching methods for Korean school …

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Essays On Semiparametric Estimation., Kang-Sun Lee Jan 2001

Essays On Semiparametric Estimation., Kang-Sun Lee

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation is primary concerned on the study of semiparametric estimation approaches. In the respect of the usage of econometric analysis that is evaluating theoretical relationship, the semiparametric analysis is useful to get the flexibility of functional form. The kernel-type nonparametric methods are used for semiparametric approaches in this dissertation. The first essay focuses upon performance of various bandwidth selectors in the local linear regression method. The results indicate that the variable bandwidth selector is superior to constant bandwidth selector in the more skewed data set or complicated functional form. LSCV bandwidth selector fit well in the simple functional form. …

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The Relationship Between Water Vapor And Hurricane Track Using The Goes-8 Satellite., Melvin Francis Martin Jr Jan 2001

The Relationship Between Water Vapor And Hurricane Track Using The Goes-8 Satellite., Melvin Francis Martin Jr

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Hurricanes are one of nature's most destructive forces. Hurricane intensity, track, and speed of motion are possibly the most important features to forecast in order to reduce the risk to life and property. This research uses the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) water vapor channel to investigate the relationship between water vapor and hurricane track. GOES 8 satellite data was collected at the Louisiana State University Earth Scan Laboratory for 30 Atlantic Basin tropical cyclones for the 1998, 1999, and 2000 hurricane seasons. GOES 8 water vapor channel radiance temperatures were smoothed and contoured at 1°Celsius intervals to display a …

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Systematics Of Neotropical Satyrine Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) Based On Larval Morphology And Dna Sequence Data And The Evolution Of Life History Traits., Debra Lynne Murray Jan 2001

Systematics Of Neotropical Satyrine Butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Euptychiina) Based On Larval Morphology And Dna Sequence Data And The Evolution Of Life History Traits., Debra Lynne Murray

LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses

Although satyrine butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) are highly diverse and found worldwide in most terrestrial habitats, they have received little attention from systematists. This research focuses on one of the largest satyrine groups, the euptychiines, found from central United States to Argentina, with the greatest diversity in the Amazon. The subtribe Euptychiina has a troubled taxonomic history. Most genera were erected without diagnoses and placed within the subtribe without being examined. Before this project was initiated, little was known of their basic biology and morphology. Therefore, considerable attention was given to this area in my research. I describe the larvae …

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