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The Probe, Issue 216 – May/June 2001

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

NADCA's Future Mission -- Mike Conover, NADCA President
NADCA's Future: Comments from a Regional Director -- John Baroch, NADCA Southwest Regional Director
Some of Montana's most notorious grizzly bears, incarcerated for defeating "bear-proof garbage containers are being put on work duty instead of death row.
A 1996 attack by a black bear on a 16-year old Arizona girl at a U.S. Forest Service campground has greatly changed the way western state and federal agencies approach public bear-awareness programs.
How do animals that never or rarely drink water maintain water balance, especially those animals living in arid environments?
The Proceedings of …

Wildlife Damage News, Volume 1, Spring 2001

Wildlife Damage News

CONTENTS:

The Northeast Wildlife Damage Management Research and Outreach Cooperative by Paul Curtis, Cornell University and Gary San Julian, Penn State University, Co-Directors

Bats in the Attic

Review of Current Literature
Excerpted by Kristi Sullivan, Wildlife Communication Specialist Castelli, P.M. and S.E. Sleggs.

Wildlife Damage Management Fact Sheet Series (2001) by Paul Curtis and Kristi Sullivan

Managing Nuisance Beavers Along Roadsides (2000) by Paul Jensen, Paul Curtis and D. Hamelin

Managing White-tailed Deer in Suburban Environments: a Technical Guide (2000) by Anthony DeNicola, Kurt VerCauteren, Paul Curtis, and Scott Hygnstrom

Managing Canada Geese in Urban Environments (1999): a Technical Guide …

Gay Marriages And Civil Unions: Democracy, The Judiciary And Discursive Space In The Liberal Society, Mae Kuykendall

Mercer Law Review

The various states have given provisional answers to the socially volatile quest by gay couples for legal recognition of their relationships as marriage. The provisional quality of the policy-making is related to the status of the language of marriage as a contested site. The language evolves, but pressure exists to stall public acknowledgment of changes in descriptors for basic relationships. The prominence of language as itself a matter of dispute gives new and broadened meaning to classic arguments defending the judicial role on the grounds that courts function well to advance public discourse, particularly if they do not impose final …

The Nature Of Nature: South Floridian Children And Their "Environmental Experience", Kristina Baines

Publications and Research

To investigate how schoolchildren in south Florida think about their natural environment, children were observed participating in several school-organized environmental field trips. Their attitudes about, interactions with and knowledge concerning various aspects of their natural environment were observed. This study explores how these children interpret natural phenomena using their cultural tools and focuses on the interpretation of commonly-observed responses to nature. Responses discussed include: the blurring of lines between the natural and non-natural, separation and binary thinking, and fear and aggression. Reference is made throughout the study to various theoretical frameworks, including cultural-ecological perspectives, ideas from structural anthropology and other …

Detection Of The Phototoxic Dye Phloxine B In Anastrepha Ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae), Apis Mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) And Honey, Aleena M. Tarshis Moreno

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

A spectrophotometric method for detection of phloxine B, a phototoxic dye proposed as a replacement for malathion bait sprays, in extracted tissues of Anastrepha ludens, Apis mellifera and in honey was developed. Dye detection was increased with a pH change from 6 to 13.7 in tissues or from 3.7 to 8 in honey with 2% sodium hydroxide. An LC 50 of 29.62 ppm phloxine B in 30% sucrose was obtained by feeding honey bees. A predictive model for dye in insect tissues and honey was developed and shown to be 89–92% effective. This study provides a forensic approach to determine …

Comparison Of Rodent Communities Of Native Brushland, Replanted, And Secondary Succession Sites In The Lower Rio Grande Valley Of Texas, Mitchell Allen Sternberg

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

I compared small mammal communities between mature brushlands, replanted brushlands, and secondary succession sites from November 1998 to December 1999 to evaluate revegetation efforts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. I determined rodent community characteristics of the three habitat types. The mature brushland and replanted habitats had similar species diversities and both were significantly higher than the secondary succession habitat. Species diversity was highest at the replanted edge grid during Winter. The current replanting method provides a more diverse rodent community than does natural succession from fallow fields. Wildlife monitoring should be extended to other taxonomic guilds so …

Phylogenetic Relationships, Taxonomy, And Evolution Of Host Choice In Diadasia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), Sedonia D. Sipes

Biology

I examined the phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy, and evolution of host choice in Diadasia, a genus of New World bees. Diadasia species are particularly interesting because they are considered pollen specialists. Females of each species are believed to provision their nests with pollen from only a few closely related plant taxa. At the same time, the choice of floral hosts within the genus is diverse, and includes five distantly related plant families: Malvaceae, Onagraceae, Convolvulaceae, Asteraceae, and Cactaceae. To estimate phylogenetic relationships within this group, I sequenced ~ 2 kb of the mitochondrial genes CO I and II and tRNA …

Diversity, Distribution, And Abundance Of Flower-Visiting Apoidea (Hymenoptera) On Sand Dunes Of The West Desert Of Utah, Trent R. Toler

Biology

Three habitats (dunes, mountain slopes, and mud flats) were surveyed for bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in the Bonneville Basin in Utah on lands owned by the U.S. military, the Dugway Proving Grounds and the southern section of the Utah Testing and Training Range, in the summers of 1997 and 1998. Study of dune habitat was emphasized, as it is thought to be important for bees in arid climates, particularly in providing nesting substrate and sources of plant pollen and nectar. Species compositions of bees were determined using pan traps at 16 sites (in three habitats) in 1997, and at 5 dune …

Avian Food Selection With Application To Pesticide Risk Assessment: Are Dead And Dessicated Insects A Desirable Food Source?, Jennifer M. Stafford

Biology

When evaluating avian pesticide exposure, a number of factors must be considered to form an accurate risk assessment. In the past, such assessments have been conducted with substantial uncertainty about avian consumption of exposed food items. One such uncertain factor is whether or not the avian species would consume contaminated invertebrates that were killed by a chemical application, and which may present an increasing concentration of the chemical as they desiccate over time. Therefore I asked the question: do birds select dead and desiccated insects as food items? I addressed the research question in two steps. First, a laboratory study …

Variations In The Histamine Content Of Mink Testes Due To Injections Of Gonadotrophic Hormones And Application Of Free Radicals In Vitro, Grant I. Wilson

Biology

It was hypothesized that gonadotropic hormones and oxygen-derived free radicals affect histamine production in the testes. Luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, a combination of these three hormones, or saline (controls) were injected for either 4 or 7 days into seven wild-type (demi) and seven dark male mink per group. All mink were euthanized with carbon monoxide. Their testes were removed and frozen on dry ice. The histamine content was analyzed using radioimmunoassay. The control wild-type mink injected for either 4 or 7 days had histamine values of 8.15 μg/g and 7.56 μg/g, respectively. In wild-type mink, there was no …

A Comparative Review Of Wetland Mitigation Practices: Monitoring, Maintaining, And Funding Mitigated Wetlands, Giselle Marie Groshart

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The objective of this project was to examine alternatives for monitoring, maintaining and funding of mitigated wetlands, as part of a larger project on wetland mitigation strategies. Research methods included a literature review, questionnaire, and telephone survey to determine current wetland mitigation practices. A variety of methods and techniques are presented, each with varying application for incorporation into a specific wetland mitigation strategy. Key components that came out of this study are the importance of maintaining flexibility, referring to project objectives, and planning throughout the process.

Phoenix From The Ashes—The 1999 Pacific Salmon Agreement, Sims G. Weymuller

Washington International Law Journal

The United States and Canada have found a solution to their century long "salmon war" over how many salmon can be taken by each side's fishing fleets from the once-bountiful Pacific salmon runs. Each country felt entitled to an "equitable" portion of the salmon, but no agreed means existed to calculate the shares. Canada felt that the prodigious U.S. fleet often caught more than its share. Substantial peace first came under the 1985 Pacific Salmon Treaty, but dwindling salmon populations, the expiration of the original management regimes, and flaws in those regimes threatened to doom the 1985 Treaty by the …

Spatial Perception And Integration Of The Interior And Exterior Environments, Eric Don Howard

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

My course of study, which focused on spatial perception and integration of the interior and exterior environments, has fulfilled my expectations completely. The underlying premise of my personal design philosophy is the idea of integrating the man-made environment with the natural environment. I felt before I undertook this specialized coursework, and feel so even more now, that there is much to learn about the multitude of effects -- therapeutic, emotional, psychological and experiential, to name a few -- that designed spaces have on people.

Seagrass And Caulerpa Monitoring In Hillsborough Bay Twelfth Annual Report, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This is the twelfth annual report to FDER to satisfy the requirements set forth in Reclaimed Water and Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements condition #10 of the Howard F. Curren WWTP operation permit FL0020940-001-DW1P.

The City of Tampa, Bay Study Group (BSG), has monitored the effects of sewage pollution abatement in Hillsborough Bay since 1976. During the mid 1980's, water quality improvements and evidence of minor seagrass revegetation in Hillsborough Bay prompted the BSG to initiate a seagrass study to compliment other programs assessing the environmental status of Hillsborough Bay.

Plan Of Study For Annual Water Quality And Biological Indicator Report, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This plan of study is submitted to the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (Department) for approval as specified in Condition #10 of Operation Permit FL0020940-001-DW1P issued by the Department on July 8, 1999.

Results Of The City Of Tampa Surface Water Compliance Monitoring Program For The Year 2000 And Examination Of Long-Term Water Quality And Biological Indicator Trends In Hillsborough Bay, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

This report is submitted to Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) to satisfy the requirements set forth in specific condition No. 10 of Howard F. Curren WWTP permit FL0020940-001-DW1P. The report is based on data obtained by the City of Tampa (COT) surface water compliance monitoring program approved on August 14, 2000 by the FDEP. The report also includes examination of long-term trends for water quality parameters and biological indicators collected by the City of Tampa Bay Study Group and the Environmental Protection Commission of Hillsborough County (EPC).

Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization, State Planning Office

Maine Collection

Casco Bay Watershed Wetlands Characterization

State of Maine Executive Department - State Planning Office

Augusta, Maine, May 2001

Contents: Abstract / Background / Getting Started / Designing the System / The Characterization / The Prioritization / Results / Cautions / Significance of the Approach / Literature Cited / Figure 1 - Biophysical Regions of Maine / Appendix A: Steering Committee Members / Appendix B: Field Verification Form / Appendix C: Contacts

Legal Accountability In An Era Of Privatized Welfare, Michele E. Gilman

All Faculty Scholarship

When the federal welfare system was reformed in 1996, Congress devolved much of the authority over welfare delivery to the states and gave them the option of contracting out administration of their programs to private entities. Moreover, after welfare reform, enacted as the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRA), welfare recipients are expected to work to receive benefits. This means that front-line workers must engage in intensive interpersonal counseling rather than simply confirm objective eligibility criteria and dispense checks. As a result, front-line workers have vastly increased discretion. When privatization is layered over this discretionary scheme, issues of …

Seasonal Patterns Of Photosynthesis In Douglas Fir Seedlings During The Third And Fourth Year Of Exposure To Elevated Co2 And Temperature, James D. Lewis, Melissa S. Lucash, David M. Olszyk, David T. Tingey

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

The interactive effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ and temperature on seasonal patterns of photosynthesis in Douglas fir (Psuedotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were examined. Seedlings were grown in sunlit chambers controlled to track either ambient (~400 p.p.m.) CO₂ or ambient +200 p.p.m. CO₂, and either ambient temperature or ambient +4 °C. Light-saturated net photosynthetic rates were measured approximately monthly over a 21 month period. Elevated CO₂ increased net photosynthetic rates by an average of 21% across temperature treatments during both the 1996 hydrologic year, the third year of exposure, and the 1997 hydrologic year. Elevated …

Density And Feeding Of Brachypelma Mesomelas (Araneae: Theraphosidae) In A Costa Rican Cloud Forest, May 2001, Nathan Damstra

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Brachypelma mesomelas is endemic to Costa Rica and found widely distributed from 500m to 2000m in elevation. Their relative densities in any given area may be due to limited prey availability, or lack of sufficient burrows sites. To determine whether or not prey availability was a limiting factor in actual density, prey availability was determined through sampling using pitfall traps. Prey availability was then compared to results of required prey density determined through feeding experiments. Available burrow density was determined and compared to actual B. mesomelas density to determine whether or not burrow availability was a limiting factor in density. …

The Relationship Between Mist Exposure And Reproductive Success In Scaphyglottis Acostaei (Orchidaceae), May 2001, Rebecca Lara

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

I examined how the reproduction and fitness of the orchid, Scaphyglottis acostaei depends on the water resources derived from cloud mist in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Thirty-six individuals of S. acostaei were selected to undergo treatments of mist exclusion, mist enhancement and light modification for 15 days. The pseudobulb width changed significantly over the 15 days for the four treatments, suggesting that mist precipitation is a limiting resource for S. acostaei. Additionally, mist was collected on the northeast and southwest sides of four pasture trees, and a total of 139 individual orchids were sampled for number of fruits, racemes and leaves, …

Species Richness And Composition In Understory Moss Communities In Lower Montane Rain Forest In Monteverde, Costa Rica, May 2001, Erika Carls

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

This study investigated the difference in species richness and composition of mosses in primary lower montane rain forests, forest gaps and forest-pasture edges, as well as among different substrates. Mosses in Monteverde, Costa Rica were collected for equal amounts of time from rotting logs, tree trunks and leaves in all habitat types, and separated morphologically. Overall morphological species richness is 39 for primary forests, 38 for gaps and 28 for edges. Species richness is 26 to 22 for logs, 22 to 20 for trees and seven to zero for leaves. Moss epiphyll communities are very dissimilar (Sorenson's qualitative index 0.1 …

Trail Clearing And Foraging Behaviors In Two Species Of Leaf Cutter Ants (Atta Cephalotes And Acromyrmex Coronatus), May 2001, Katy Zaksek

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Leaf cutting ants play an integral role in tropical forest communities. Foraging strategies impact the harvest efficiency of a colony and in turn rates of herbivory on a forest community. Trail construction and foraging efficiency were compared between two species of leaf cutting ants (Atta cephalotes and Acromyrmex coronatus). Atta cephalotes constructed major trail systems and Acromyrmex coronatus, a species with smaller colony size, traveled between harvest sites on simple foraging lines across leaf litter. Significant differences existed across species with respect to traveling speed and burden ratios (ANOVA, p < 0.0001 and 0.0071, respectively) indicating benefits in maintaining unobstructed trails. Atta cephalotes trail clearing behaviors were investigated further by simulating natural obstructions. Colonies exhibited rapid removal of all objects placed on trails and removal time was significantly correlated with worker activity and distance from nest entrance (ANOVA, p = 0.0016 and 0.0163). This study attempts to demonstrate that A. cephalotes gains a competitive advantage over other leaf-cutting species, and reaps benefits, from trail construction and maintenance despite large initial investment.

Regulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Β-Chemokine Production, And Ccr5 Expression In Cd40l-Stimulated Macrophages: Immune Control Of Viral Entry, Robin L. Cutter, Jialin Zheng, Myhanh Che, Douglas Niemann, Ying Liu, Johnny He, Elaine Thomas, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) and T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Regulation of such immune responses can be mediated, in part, through the interaction of the T-lymphocyte-expressed molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L) with its receptor on MP, CD40. Upregulation of CD40L on CD4⁺ peripheral blood mononuclear cells during advanced HIV-1 disease has previously been reported. Based on this observation, we studied the influence of CD40L-CD40 interactions on MP effector function and viral regulation in vitro. We monitored productive viral infection, cytokine and β -chemokine production, and β-chemokine receptor …

Not Interaction But Melding—The "Russian Dressing" Theory Of Emotions: An Explanation Of The Phenomenology Of Emotions And Rationality With Suggested Related Maxims For Judges And Other Legal Decision Makers, Peter Brandon Bayer

Mercer Law Review

Even after centuries of contrary philosophy and psychology, many commentators, jurisprudes, and law makers insist that emotions have no legitimate place in most legal decision making. This recalcitrance, of course, is misplaced in light of the powerful body of theory explaining that without emotions, decisions, including matters of law and policy, simply cannot be made. Judges, along with all societal actors, must disabuse themselves of the fallacious belief that emotions obstruct or obscure reason in all endeavors, particularly morality, law, and justice.

The project of truly apprehending emotions, however, requires more than appreciating that they play a crucial role in …

Wpa News 65 (2001), World Pheasant Association

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Newsletters

WPA News (May 2001), number 65

Published by the World Pheasant Association

Straight From The Heart, Volume 2, Number 8, Sacred Heart University

News, Magazines and Reports

No abstract provided.

Thirty-Fifth Commencement 2001 (Undergraduate), Sacred Heart University

Commencement Programs

Program for the Undergraduate ceremony held May 20, 2001.

The Attachment Gap: Employment Discrimination Law, Women's Cultural Caregiving, And The Limits Of Economic And Liberal Legal Theory, Laura T. Kessler

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Title VII has prohibited employment discrimination on the basis of pregnancy since 1978, when Congress passed the Pregnancy Discrimination Act ("PDA"), but it does not require employers to recognize women's caregiving obligations beyond the immediate, physical events of pregnancy and childbirth. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 ("FMLA ") also does little more than provide job security to some relatively privileged women in the case of childbirth. Neither of these statutes, which constitute the bulk of the United States' maternity and parental leave policies, provides for the most common employment leave needs of caregivers, who by all measures …

Lengthening The Stem: Allowing Federally Funded Researchers To Derive Human Pluripotent Stem Cells From Embryos, Jason H. Casell

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Recent developments in fetal tissue research and stem cell research have led to dramatic breakthroughs in the search for cures for Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and a host of neurological disorders. Because this research involves fetal tissue and stem cells from human embryos, many complicated ethical and legal implications surround it. This Note explores the history of fetal tissue research and stem cell research, examines the surrounding ethical and legal issues, looks at the current state of federal law, and concludes that Congress should allow federally funded researchers to derive stem cells from discarded human embryos obtained from in …