Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2001

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 1741 - 1770 of 7997

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Functional And Structural Adaptations Of Skeletal Muscle To Microgravity, Robert H. Fitts, Danny R. Riley, Jeffrey J. Widrick Sep 2001

Functional And Structural Adaptations Of Skeletal Muscle To Microgravity, Robert H. Fitts, Danny R. Riley, Jeffrey J. Widrick

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Our purpose is to summarize the major effects of space travel on skeletal muscle with particular emphasis on factors that alter function. The primary deleterious changes are muscle atrophy and the associated decline in peak force and power. Studies on both rats and humans demonstrate a rapid loss of cell mass with microgravity. In rats, a reduction in muscle mass of up to 37% was observed within 1 week. For both species, the antigravity soleus muscle showed greater atrophy than the fast-twitch gastrocnemius. However, in the rat, the slow type I fibers atrophied more than the fast type II fibers, …

Go to article

Front Matter Sep 2001

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Relationship Between Single-Sex And Co-Educational Environments On Socioemotional Development, Jennifer M. Bonds-Raacke, Sandra D. Nicks Sep 2001

The Relationship Between Single-Sex And Co-Educational Environments On Socioemotional Development, Jennifer M. Bonds-Raacke, Sandra D. Nicks

Modern Psychological Studies

There have been many debates over the advantages and disadvantages of single-sex education with regards to socioemotional development. Although some research shows that girls are often neglected in the classroom when boys are present, other research states that single-sex education may not be as beneficial as thought. The purpose of this study was to examine the discrepancies between previous research on single-sex and co-educational environments in relation to socioemotional development. Specifically, we investigated the differences in perceived competence, self-esteem, locus of control, and perceived social support. Within these areas of socioemotional development, we expect differences to exist based on educational …

Go to article

The Influence Of Gender On The Relationship Between Problem-Solving And Agression, Maria Evola Sep 2001

The Influence Of Gender On The Relationship Between Problem-Solving And Agression, Maria Evola

Modern Psychological Studies

The continuous rise of violence among young people has caused aggression to become a variable of interest for society. Many people believe that controlling external factors will prevent the aggressive nature of children from developing. However, the key to reducing aggression may lie in the development of proper internal coping skills. The present study focused on problem-soling ability, a component that can be taught. The relationship between problem-solving and aggression was examined, as well as how gender moderates this connection. It was hypothesized that a negative relationship existed between the two variables and that the correlation would be stronger for …

Go to article

Spontaneous Countermeasures During Polygraph Examinations: An Apparent Exercise In Futility, Kimberly D. Otter-Henderson, Charles R. Honts Sep 2001

Spontaneous Countermeasures During Polygraph Examinations: An Apparent Exercise In Futility, Kimberly D. Otter-Henderson, Charles R. Honts

Modern Psychological Studies

The frequency and effects of spontaneous countermeasures against a polygraph examination were examined in a mock employment screening study. Eighty subjects were debriefed concerning their use of spontaneous countermeasure following the completion of their Relevant-irrelevant employment screening polygraph examination. Overall, 53.8% of the participants reported the use of at least one spontaneous countermeasure. In a departure from other studies in this area, 30% of the truthful subjects reported trying some intervention in an effort to make themselves look more truthful. An ANOVA revealed neither main effects nor interactions involving the use of a spontaneous countermeasure.

Go to article

Influence Of Question-Phrasing And Response-Scale In Speed Estimation Of Witnessed Accidents, Melissa M. Winter, Gloria Marmolejo Sep 2001

Influence Of Question-Phrasing And Response-Scale In Speed Estimation Of Witnessed Accidents, Melissa M. Winter, Gloria Marmolejo

Modern Psychological Studies

The effect of question phrasing on speed estimation is assessed by means of two rating systems, a verbal rating scale (VRS) and a visual analogue scale (VAS). Subjects were asked to watch a short video depicting the scene of a car accident and then answer a short memory test concerning the video. The test contained the question, "About how fast was the car going when the crash occurred?" Other subjects received the word "fender-bender" or "impact" in place of the word "crash". Subjects were asked to estimate speed using either a verbal rating or a visual analogue scale. Results indicated …

Go to article

Influence Of Social Facilitation And Gender Differences On Purchasing Behavior Of Consumers In A Mall, Laura J. Lee, Allison L. Martin Sep 2001

Influence Of Social Facilitation And Gender Differences On Purchasing Behavior Of Consumers In A Mall, Laura J. Lee, Allison L. Martin

Modern Psychological Studies

Consumers were observed in order to investigate whether it is more likely that lone or group shoppers will make a purchase and to what extent gender differences in purchasing behavior exist. As shoppers exited a Georgia mall, variables such as gender, group orientation, and the presence or absence of a package were recorded. Observations revealed that of 1269 shoppers, nearly 54% of lone shoppers made purchases, compared to 41% of group shoppers, and women carried packages more often than did men. Both the comparison of lone versus group shoppers and the difference in men's and women's buying showed p<.05 from a test for significance between two proportions. Contrary to the social facilitation theory, group shoppers did not consume more than lone individuals. This study suggests that social facilitation effects may be unique to particular environments.

Go to article

The Correlation Of Social Approachability, Social Interaction, And Tolerance Levels Depending On The Presence Of A Dog, Darla J. Lawson Sep 2001

The Correlation Of Social Approachability, Social Interaction, And Tolerance Levels Depending On The Presence Of A Dog, Darla J. Lawson

Modern Psychological Studies

This study attempted to measure social approachability, social interactions, and tolerance levels of other people towards another person depending upon the presence of a dog was conducted. The study itself was divided into two parts. Part one measured the amount of approaches and social interactions made by other people towards a confederate when she was accompanied by a dog versus if a dog did not accompany her. The results indicate that there was a significant increase in social approachability and social interactions when being accompanied by a dog versus not being accompanied by a dog. Part two of the study …

Go to article

Peer Perception Of Physically Attractive Children And Prejudicial Biases Against Physically Unattractive Children, Darla J. Lawson Sep 2001

Peer Perception Of Physically Attractive Children And Prejudicial Biases Against Physically Unattractive Children, Darla J. Lawson

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper discusses peer perceptions of children based, upon the physical appearance of other children. The suggestion that physical attractiveness is related to intellect, social status, and personal achievement may seem absurd or unrealistic, however, current research establishes it as fact. Physically attractive children are assumed to have better characteristics than unattractive children. These perceptions are shaped, in part, by the physical appearance of children. This study evaluated the perceptions of a group of children who viewed photographs of other children in which the group members considered to be physically attractive, of average appearance, and physically unattractive. Results of the …

Go to article

The Influence Of Postevent Credibility In The Report Of Eyewitnessed Events, Shelly Wolesky, Gloria Marmolejo Sep 2001

The Influence Of Postevent Credibility In The Report Of Eyewitnessed Events, Shelly Wolesky, Gloria Marmolejo

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous research dealing with the effects of source credibility on eyewitness' memories has found that sources that are seen as credible by the eyewitness' are more likely to be believed and more often change the witness' original memory than do sources seen as not credible. The present experiment is an extension of the previous research testing if adults that witness an event are affected differently by the misinformation presented by a child (non credible source) or an adult (credible source). Fifty-two people were shown a video depicting a scene of a husband and a wife arguing in their home. They …

Go to article

"Woman Is Man's Best Friend And Her Own Worst Enemy": Jury Bias, Ashley C. Nielson, Laura K. Jones, Timothy M. Woodrum Sep 2001

"Woman Is Man's Best Friend And Her Own Worst Enemy": Jury Bias, Ashley C. Nielson, Laura K. Jones, Timothy M. Woodrum

Modern Psychological Studies

The Supreme Court recently ruled that no jury could be chosen on the basis of sex. This study was conducted to determine whether jury biases exist in the sentencing of murder cases. It was therefore hypothesized that women would judge female murderers more severely than their male counterpart. The severity of sentences were determined by the participants' marks on a severity of sentence scale. These participants evaluated both domestic and mutilation murder cases, each of which varied in the gender of the accused. Using a 2X2 ANOVA in the evaluation of the results, no significant differences were found between the …

Go to article

How Gender Differences And The Visual/Verbal Aspect Of Instructions Affect Problem Solving, Tracy Forman Sep 2001

How Gender Differences And The Visual/Verbal Aspect Of Instructions Affect Problem Solving, Tracy Forman

Modern Psychological Studies

The childrens board game Mouse Trap served as a task in this experiment that was designed to study an interactive effect of gender and type of instructions used. Gender dyads operated in male-female, male-male, or female-female pairs and all dyads used either visual or verbal instructions. Male dyads were expected to have the game assembled in the least amount of time based on research that indicates that males are better problem solvers. The visual instructions were expected to produce faster completion of assembly for both genders, which is reminiscent of a picture being worth a thousand words. It was observed …

Go to article

Effects Of Campus Climate And Attitudes On The Identity Development Of Gay, Lesbian And Bisexual College Students, Katherine M. Yamakawa, Elizabeth Nutt Williams Sep 2001

Effects Of Campus Climate And Attitudes On The Identity Development Of Gay, Lesbian And Bisexual College Students, Katherine M. Yamakawa, Elizabeth Nutt Williams

Modern Psychological Studies

To investigate campus climate and its effect on the identity development and college experiences of gay, lesbian, and bisexual students, undergraduate college students were asked to complete measures of homophobia and campus climate. Results indicated that males and firstyear students report higher levels of homophobia than females and seniors. However, students reported knowing of or engaging in only few instances of homophobic behaviors and felt that the college community was relatively openminded. Four qualitative interview examples are also provided, documenting the experience of gay students' identity development and the effects that campus climate has had on their undergraduate experiences. The …

Go to article

Transportation Education At The University Of Denver, Paul Stephen Dempsey, Andrew Goetz, Joseph Szyliowicz Sep 2001

Transportation Education At The University Of Denver, Paul Stephen Dempsey, Andrew Goetz, Joseph Szyliowicz

Transportation Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Impacts Of Residential Relocation On Stress, Coping And Quality Of Life Among Older Persons In Hong Kong, Siu Pan, Benny Chan Sep 2001

Impacts Of Residential Relocation On Stress, Coping And Quality Of Life Among Older Persons In Hong Kong, Siu Pan, Benny Chan

Lingnan Theses

Residential relocation could potentially be injurious to older persons. Indeed, much of the research literature in Western societies points out that involuntary residential relocation may exert undesirable impacts on older persons’ lives. Those impacts could be even greater if the relocation was forced upon the individual one person. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the impacts of involuntary residential relocation on older persons’ quality of life, stress and coping in Hong Kong. From a review of the literature, it was hypothesized that there will be perceived stress during and after the process of residential relocation, and satisfaction …

Go to article

Vol. 19, Sigma: Journal Of Political And International Studies, Sigma: Journal Of Political And International Studies Sep 2001

Vol. 19, Sigma: Journal Of Political And International Studies, Sigma: Journal Of Political And International Studies

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Who Are The Non-Respondents?: A Deterministic Approach To Modeling Non-Response In Exit Polls, Collaborative Project Sep 2001

Who Are The Non-Respondents?: A Deterministic Approach To Modeling Non-Response In Exit Polls, Collaborative Project

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Jewish Connection: Judaism, Jerusalem, And The Temple, Richard Livingston Sep 2001

The Jewish Connection: Judaism, Jerusalem, And The Temple, Richard Livingston

Sigma: Journal of Political and International Studies

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The New "Extended Family"-"De Facto" Parenthood And Standing Under Chapter 2, Gregogy A. Loken Sep 2001

The New "Extended Family"-"De Facto" Parenthood And Standing Under Chapter 2, Gregogy A. Loken

BYU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Go to article

News You Can Use, University Of Texas At Arlington Library Sep 2001

News You Can Use, University Of Texas At Arlington Library

News You Can Use

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Transition From Afdc To Prwora In Florida; Perceptions Of The Role Of Case Manager In Welfare Reform, Adela Beckerman, Leonard Fontana Sep 2001

The Transition From Afdc To Prwora In Florida; Perceptions Of The Role Of Case Manager In Welfare Reform, Adela Beckerman, Leonard Fontana

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Welfare reform was implemented in Florida with the passage of WAGES. WAGES' emphasis on support services in preparation for employment portends to be a radical transformation of the "eligibility compliance" organizational culture that had developed under AFDC. Interviews with welfare staff focused on whether WAGES' offices were able to develop the organizational culture and methods of frontline practice needed to implement the goals of welfare reform legislation. The interviews indicate an emerging organizational culture in which case managers readily identify with the mantra of welfare reform. The interviews also indicate a discrepancy between the importance of the case manager role …

Go to article

Assets, Future Orientation, And Well-Being: Exploring And Extending Sherraden's Framework, Marcia Shobe, Deborah Page-Adams Sep 2001

Assets, Future Orientation, And Well-Being: Exploring And Extending Sherraden's Framework, Marcia Shobe, Deborah Page-Adams

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Reducing the incidence and impact of poverty has been central to social work practice since the birth of the profession (Addams, 1910; Franklin, 1986). The prevailing anti-poverty paradigm holds that well-being is almost exclusively dependent upon income. Social work scholar and educator, Michael Sherraden (1988; 1991) suggests a new anti-poverty paradigm whereby combined income and asset building initiatives may improve the well-being of poor households. Sherraden (1991) suggests that assets have positive effects on well-being, including future orientation. The extended conceptual framework suggested here further specifies that future orientation has a direct role in its relationship with assets and well-being.

Go to article

Mental Health Needs Of Tanf Recipients, Layne K. Stromwall Sep 2001

Mental Health Needs Of Tanf Recipients, Layne K. Stromwall

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper reports findings of a study of female Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF) and non-recipients ages 18-40, receiving behavioral health services in the rural Southwest in 1998-9. TANF recipients (N = 119) were more likely to be seriously mentally ill than non-recipients (N = 370), suggesting that a subgroup of TANF recipients may face significant barriers to employment given the new TANF regulations. The author argues that responsibility for recognizing the needs of TANF recipients for behavioral health services is shared by both the public welfare and behavioral health systems. Suggestions for meeting this challenge in both systems …

Go to article

The Other Side Of The Desk: Former Welfare Recipients Who Now Work For "The System.", Cheryl Cheek, Kathleen W. Piercy Sep 2001

The Other Side Of The Desk: Former Welfare Recipients Who Now Work For "The System.", Cheryl Cheek, Kathleen W. Piercy

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Within the framework of identity theory, twenty female former welfare recipients who are currently human service workers discussed how their past experiences affected current service provision and their views of the welfare system. Semi-structured interviews were used, and data were coded and analyzed using the multistage process designed by McCracken (1988) for long interviews. Respondents discussed how their experiences made them more empathetic towards their clients and gave them insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the past and present welfare systems. Results show support for identity theory by showing how past identities affect present ones.

Go to article

Private Food Assistance In A Small Metropolitan Area: Urban Resources And Rural Needs, Joseph J. Molnar, Patricia A. Duffy, Latoya Claxton, Conner Bailey Sep 2001

Private Food Assistance In A Small Metropolitan Area: Urban Resources And Rural Needs, Joseph J. Molnar, Patricia A. Duffy, Latoya Claxton, Conner Bailey

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Food banks and other private feeding programs have become an institutionalized component of the social welfare system in over 190 urban areas in the U.S. More recently, private food assistance has gained importance in rural areas as well. The density and capacity of agencies to serve the poor is higher in urban areas than in sparsely populated rural locales where distance and dispersal tend to be barriers to supplying and accessing donated food. Rural food distribution strategies thus must be qualitatively different than those in larger communities, because of the smaller-scale, more informal distributional system. Little is known about how …

Go to article

The Status Of Siblings' Rights: A View Into The New Millennium, William Wesley Patton Sep 2001

The Status Of Siblings' Rights: A View Into The New Millennium, William Wesley Patton

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Go to article

A "Time-Slice" Approach To Tort Law's Component Parts Problem, Alani Golanski Sep 2001

A "Time-Slice" Approach To Tort Law's Component Parts Problem, Alani Golanski

DePaul Law Review

No abstract provided.

Go to article

The Biotechnologies Industry In New Mexico, Bureau Of Business And Economic Research Sep 2001

The Biotechnologies Industry In New Mexico, Bureau Of Business And Economic Research

BBER Publications

To assist Albuquerque Technical-Vocational Institute in its pursuit of an educational training program in biotechnologies, this research study was conducted to assess key elements of New Mexicos biotechnologies industries and occupations. These elements include defining the biotechnologies industry, gathering insights and perspectives from industry officials, and analyzing important employment-related trends. The research methodology incorporated: (1) a quantitative analysis of published data on specific variables including employment, establishments, revenues, value of shipments and current and projected employment levels for key occupations; and (2) a qualitative analysis based on telephone interviews with business leaders, industry members, economic developers, and other persons knowledgeable …

Go to article

The Construct Validity Of A Belgian Assessment Centre: A Comparison Of Different Models, Filip Lievens, Etienne Van Keer Sep 2001

The Construct Validity Of A Belgian Assessment Centre: A Comparison Of Different Models, Filip Lievens, Etienne Van Keer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigates the construct validity of a Belgian assessment centre through a comprehensive set of confirmatory factor analysis models. In particular, the general confirmatory factor analysis approach as well as the correlated uniqueness approach are fitted to the same data. Results replicate Sagie and Magnezy's (1997) finding that the correlated uniqueness model is appropriate to represent exercise effects in assessment centres, as a good fit and no estimation problems are obtained. In this model the dimensions explain 36% of variance, revealing evidence of convergent validity. Possibly, this is due to the careful design of this assessment centre. Evidence of …

Go to article

Women's Voice, September 2001, Women's, Gender, And Sexuality Studies Program Sep 2001

Women's Voice, September 2001, Women's, Gender, And Sexuality Studies Program

Women's Voice (1991-2006)

No abstract provided.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last