Digital Commons Network^™

Obstacles To Contraceptive Use In Pakistan: A Study In Punjab, John B. Casterline, Zeba Sathar, Minhaj Ul Haque

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The principal aim of this study is to assess the strength in Pakistan of a set of hypothesized obstacles to practicing contraception. Our concern is those factors that prevent women from translating a desire to avoid becoming pregnant into contraceptive practice, a common predicament in Pakistan in recent decades. We analyze survey data collected in Punjab province in 1996 that contain unusually detailed measurement of various perceived costs of practicing contraception, as well as focused measurement of fertility motivation. The framework guiding the research specifies six major obstacles to contraceptive use: the strength of motivation to avoid pregnancy, awareness and …

Whose Education Counts? The Impact Of Grown Children's Education On The Physical Functioning Of Their Parents In Taiwan, Zachary Zimmer, Albert I. Hermalin, Hui-Sheng Lin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Research has identified education as an important predictor of physical functioning in old age. Older adults in Taiwan tend to experience close ties to family members and high rates of adult child coresidence, much more so than is typical in Western cultures. These circumstances might imply additional health-related benefits stemming from the education of grown children. This association could arise in a number of ways, for instance through the sharing of health-related information between child and parent, the quality of caregiving efforts, monetary assistance for medical and other services, or through other psychosocial avenues. In this study, a nationally representative …

Immunization Status And Child Survival In Rural Ghana, Philomena Nyarko, Brian Wells Pence, Cornelius Debpuur

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

For three decades, the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) has been promoted as one of the key child health interventions in developing countries. Vaccines for six childhood diseases (diphtheria, measles, pertussis, poliomyelitis, tetanus, and tuberculosis) have been shown to be efficacious in preventing disease-specific morbidity and mortality, yet not all commentators are convinced that the EPI reduces all-cause child mortality. Numerous studies have found that measles vaccination programs substantially reduce all-cause child mortality, but recent findings from Guinea-Bissau suggest that diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccine may increase all-cause child mortality. The present study uses five years of data from …

Living Arrangements Of Older Adults In The Developing World: An Analysis Of Dhs Household Surveys, John Bongaarts, Zachary Zimmer

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys, this study examines living arrangements of older adults in 43 developing countries and compares patterns by gender, world regions, and macro-level measures of socioeconomic development. Indicators include household size, headship, relationship to head, and coresidence with spouse, children, and others. Unweighted regional averages and OLS regressions determine whether variations exist. Average household sizes are large, but a substantially higher proportion of elderly adults live alone than do individuals in other age groups. Females are more likely than males to live alone and are less likely to live with a spouse or to head …

The Reporting Of Sensitive Behavior Among Adolescents: A Methodological Experiment In Kenya, Barbara Mensch, Paul C. Hewett, Annabel Erulkar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper assesses whether audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (audio-CASI), a technique designed in the United States to collect data on sensitive behaviors, is a feasible method of survey data collection in a developing-country setting and whether it produces more valid reporting of sexual activity and related behaviors than traditional survey methods. The analysis is based on interviews with nearly 4,400 unmarried adolescents aged 15-21 in Nyeri, a rural district of Kenya that was selected because previous research had indicated a wide discrepancy in the reporting of premarital sexual behavior between boys and girls. The study was based on a quasi-experimental design …

The End Of The Fertility Transition In The Developed World, John Bongaarts

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

By the late 1990s fertility in the developed world had declined to 1.6 births per woman, a level substantially lower than projected in the 1980s. This study examines recent trends and patterns in fertility in the developed world with particular emphasis on the effects and implications of changes in the timing of childbearing. The main objective is to demonstrate that while fertility in these countries is indeed low, women’s childbearing levels are not as low as period measures such as the total fertility rate suggest. To obtain a full understanding of the various dimensions of fertility change, several indicators are …

Social Networks And Contraceptive Dynamics In Southern Ghana, Mark R. Montgomery, Gebre-Egziabher Kiros, Dominic K. Agyeman, John B. Casterline, Peter Aglobitse, Paul C. Hewett

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

There is accumulating evidence that social diffusion processes affect the pace of the adoption of modern contraception in societies undergoing fertility transition. In settings where mortality has declined and many other social and economic changes are underway, decisions about contraception are fraught with uncertainty and risk. In such circumstances, couples may rely on other persons for information and guidance. In this paper, we examine the influence of informal social networks on the contraceptive behavior of reproductive-age women, using longitudinal data collected in six communities in southern Ghana. Our results confirm the hypothesis that adoption of modern contraception is strongly affected …

Poverty And Public Services In Developing-Country Cities, Paul C. Hewett, Mark R. Montgomery

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines the availability of basic public services such as water supply and sanitation in the cities and towns of developing countries, using data drawn from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Inadequate provision of public services can compromise health, hinder economic growth, and stymie efforts to reduce poverty. We find that wide rural-urban gaps remain in service delivery, and that smaller cities-where about half of urban residents live-are notably under-served by comparison with larger cities.

Sola No Eres Nada, Juntas Flotamos: El Movimiento Manuela Ramos, Judith Bruce, Debbie Rogow

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This edition of Quality/Calidad/Qualité discusses the Manuela Ramos Movement and its efforts to improve women’s health and well-being through a range of empowerment strategies in rural Peru. A joint project with USAID, named Reprosalud, demonstrates how combining the resources of an international donor with local women’s organizations allows a more organic and multifaceted family planning program to develop. Such programs can produce impressive improvements on a number of indicators, including contraceptive use.

Antioxidants Protect Turkeys Against Toxicity Of Aflatoxin, Roger A. Coulombe Jr.

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Toxins stemming from mold in feed grains are unavoidable in poultry production. "Mycotoxins" such as aflatoxin B (AFB1) are among the most potent liver-damaging toxins known. AFB1 is also a probable human carcinogen. Poultry are the most sensitive of all farm animals to the toxic effects of even small amounts of AFB1. Although poultry don’t generally live long enough to develop cancers, AFB1-related diseases adversely affect their health. This aflatoxin can cause slowing of growth and decreased resistance to microbial pathogens that make poultry ill. Because these toxins are so pervasive in feed grains, eliminating them has proved either impractical …

Crime Legends In Old And New Media, Pamela Donovan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This project explores the contemporary meanings and persistence of the "crime legend." A case study approach was used: three crime legends with a considerable history of public debunking were chosen. These cases were: the market in snuff films, the theft of vital organs for black-market transplant, and the abduction of children from theme park restrooms. Current versions circulating in Internet newsgroups and via electronic mail lists were collected. Discussions in Internet newsgroups were examined and twenty regular newsgroup participants were interviewed. The public newsgroup communication environment is such that salience is established by the interlocutors themselves, rather than by the …

The Police Officer As Survivor: The Psychological Impact Of Exposure To Death In Contemporary Urban Policing, Vincent E. Henry

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

All human encounters with death, whether they involve a casual contact with the death of another person or the realistic threat of one's own demise, have important psychological consequences that result in new modes of adaptation, thought and feeling. In the course of their duties, contemporary urban police officers frequently encounter the deaths of others and some participate in mortal combat situations that credibly threaten their own lives. The psychological dimensions of police officers' professional exposures to the deaths of others are to a large extent shaped by the specific duties and responsibilities prescribed by their formal task environment, while …

The Useful Life Defense: Embracing The Idea That All Products Eventually Grow Old And Die, Charles Cantu

Nebraska Law Review

The Restatement (Third) of Torts is expected to continue the consumer-oriented trend that began with the recognition of strict products liability under section 402A. Earlier law had required an injured plaintiff either to focus on the defendant's failure to conform to the standard of care as required by the law of negligence or to comply with the Uniform Commercial Code’s complicated law of warranty. Later, the law of strict products liability allowed an injured consumer to prevail simply by establishing that the product in question was defective. Once enacted, section 402A resulted in a greatly increased number of lawsuits in …

Parental Compliance: Its Role In Termination Of Parental Rights Cases, Eve M. Brank, Angie L. Williams, Victoria Weisz, Robert E. Ray

Nebraska Law Review

This article examines the current state of termination of parental rights (TPR) law, along with the results of an appellate case review, an exploratory project, and an empirical investigation of decision-making related to these cases. Section I begins with an overview of termination of parental rights law. The focus of this section is recent statutory changes in the area, highlighting some key differences between the former and the current law. In Section II, the focus shifts to a review of the foundations for the empirical study. Section III more specifically addresses the main areas that are explored in the empirical …

American Indian Sovereignty And Naturalization: It's A Race Thing, John Rockwell Snowden, Wayne Tyndall, David Smith

Nebraska Law Review

I. A Sketch of Naturalization in the United States ... A. The Historical Background of Naturalization in the United States ... 1. English Roots: The Theory of Natural Allegiance ... 2. The Colonial Experience: The Theory of Volitional Allegiance Emerges ... 3. Defining the Qualifications for Naturalization after Independence ... B. Current Naturalization Criteria ... C. Values and Justifications of the Naturalization Process ... 1. The Concepts of Ascription and Consent ... 2. Normative Justifications of the Naturalization Process

II. Indigenous Naturalization ... A. Tribal Sovereignty and "Membership Selection": Blood Quantum as Fiction Among the Sovereign Umoⁿho^{n …}

Mothers Of Sexually Abused Children And The Concept Of Collusion, Patricia A. Joyce

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This study reports the perspectives of clinical social workers on the mothers of sexually abused children whom they saw for treatment. The subjects were 15 masters-level social workers in an urban child treatment program. The study used qualitative methods based on grounded theory to examine professionals' social constructions of mothers of sexually abused children. The child's disclosure of incest provided the study's conceptual focus, since historically professionals constructed the "collusive mother," even though prior empirical research never supported maternal collusion or culpability for incest.

Respondents were interviewed for approximately one hour using a semi-structured interview guide; nearly one hundred hours …

What's So Special About Special Proceedings? Making Sense Of Nebraska's Final Order Statute, John P. Lenich

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Current Definitions of the Key Statutory Terms

III. The New York Code of Civil Procedure ... A. The Distinction Between Actions and Special Proceedings ... B. Appellate Jurisdiction of the New York Court of Appeals

IV. Go West, Young Code ... A . Ohio ... B. Nebraska

V. Refocusing the Law of Special Proceedings ... A. Procedure-Based Special Proceedings ... 1. Single-Faceted Proceedings ... 2. Multifaceted Special Proceedings ... B. Policy-Based Special Proceedings ... 1. The Old Wine: Special Proceedings ... 2. The New Bottles: Collateral Orders ... 3. To Appeal or Not to Appeal, That is …

Prescription Drugs And Strict Liability: Evaluating Nebraska's New Posture In Freeman V. Hoffman La-Roche, Inc., 260 Neb. 552, 618 N.W.2d 827 (2000), James L. Beckmann

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Background ... A. McDaniel v. McNeil Laboratories, Inc. … B. General Product Liability in Nebraska—the Transition to Freeman

III. Analysis ... A. Technical Analysis of the Freeman Decision ... 1. New Nebraska Law: Section 402A, Comment k, and the Learned Intermediary Doctrine ... a. Working Definitions of Both Tests ... b. Differences Between the Standards ... 2. Application of Section 6(c) and Section 2(b) to Prescription Drugs ... a. Section 6(c) ... b. Section 2(b) ... B. Freeman Was an Insightful Decision .... 1. McDaniel to Freeman—Righting a Wrong ... 2. Freeman: A More Precise and …

The American Jury: A Study In Self-Governing And Dispute Resolution, Mark Curriden

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Family Law: Parent And Child, James W. Paulsen

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Appellate Practice And Procedure, Alan Wright, Ladawn H. Conway, Debra J. Mccomas, Heather D. Bailey

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Front Matter

SMU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Canadian Legal Developments, Dean Saul, Stephen S. Heller, John F. Clifford, Robert Mansell

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

European Law, James H. Bergeron, Alexander B. Blumrosen, Catherine Mermet, Patrick Walshe

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

Child Custody Rights: Should Airlines Be Allowed To Interfere, Jennifer Rauch

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Giving Power Back To The Passengers: The Airline Passengers' Bill Of Rights, Zachary Garsek

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

E-Commerce And The Airline Passenger, Ruwantissa Abeyratne

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

The Continuing Legal Battle To Define Air Service At Love Field - Fifth Circuit Holds That Department Of Transportation Is In Better Position That Courts To Interpret Provisions Of Wright And Shelby Amendments, Ken Thomas

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

Recent Developments In Aviation Liability Law, Blanca I. Rodriguez

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.

General Aviation In The New Millennium: Promising Rebirth - Or Imminent Extinction, Chad Key

Journal of Air Law and Commerce

No abstract provided.