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2001

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Inhibition Of Erythrocyte Δ- Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (Alad) Activity In Fish From Waters Affects By Lead Smelters, Christopher J. Schmitt, Colleen A. Caldwell, Bill Olsen, Dave Serdar Jan 2001

Inhibition Of Erythrocyte Δ- Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (Alad) Activity In Fish From Waters Affects By Lead Smelters, Christopher J. Schmitt, Colleen A. Caldwell, Bill Olsen, Dave Serdar

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We assessed the effects on fish of lead (Pb) released to streams by smelters located in Trail, BC (Canada), E. Helena, MT, Herculaneum, MO, and Glover, MO. Fish were collected by electrofishing from sites located downstream of smelters and from reference sites. Blood from each fish was analyzed for δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity and hemoglobin (Hb), and samples of blood, liver, or carcass were analyzed for Pb, zinc (Zn), or both. Fish collected downstream of all four smelters sites had elevated Pb concentrations, decreased ALAD activity, or both relative to their respective reference sites. At E. Helena, fish from …

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Legionella Pneumophila Entry Gene Rtxa Is Involved In Virulence, Suat L. G. Cirillo, Luis E. Bermudez, Sahar H. El-Etr, Gerald Duhamel, Jeffrey D. Cirillo Jan 2001

Legionella Pneumophila Entry Gene Rtxa Is Involved In Virulence, Suat L. G. Cirillo, Luis E. Bermudez, Sahar H. El-Etr, Gerald Duhamel, Jeffrey D. Cirillo

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Successful parasitism of host cells by intracellular pathogens involves adherence, entry, survival, intracellular replication, and cell-to-cell spread. Our laboratory has been examining the role of early events, adherence and entry, in the pathogenesis of the facultative intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Currently, the mechanisms used by L. pneumophila to gain access to the intracellular environment are not well understood. We have recently isolated three loci, designated enh1, enh2, and enh3, that are involved in the ability of L. pneumophila to enter host cells. One of the genes present in the enh1 locus, rtxA, is homologous to repeats …

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Cholinergic And Behavioral Neurotoxicity Of Carbaryl And Cadmium To Larval Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Sheryl L. Beauvais, Susan B. Jones, Jennifer T. Parris, Sandra K. Brewer, Edward E. Little Jan 2001

Cholinergic And Behavioral Neurotoxicity Of Carbaryl And Cadmium To Larval Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss), Sheryl L. Beauvais, Susan B. Jones, Jennifer T. Parris, Sandra K. Brewer, Edward E. Little

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Pesticides and heavy metals are common environmental contaminants that can cause neurotoxicity to aquatic organisms, impairing reproduction and survival. Neurotoxic effects of cadmium and carbaryl exposures were estimated in larval rainbow trout (RBT; Oncorhynchus mykiss) using changes in physiological endpoints and correlations with behavioral responses. Following exposures, RBT were videotaped to assess swimming speed. Brain tissue was used to measure cholinesterase (ChE) activity, muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MChR) number, and MChR affinity. ChE activity decreased with increasing concentrations of carbaryl but not of cadmium. MChR were not affected by exposure to either carbaryl or cadmium. Swimming speed correlated with ChE …

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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death And Cytochrome P4501a Expression In Developing Fundulus Heteroclitus Embryos, Barbara Holland Toomey, Susan Bello, Mark E. Hahn, Susannah Cantrell, Peggy Wright, Donald E. Tillitt, Richard T. Di Giulio Jan 2001

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death And Cytochrome P4501a Expression In Developing Fundulus Heteroclitus Embryos, Barbara Holland Toomey, Susan Bello, Mark E. Hahn, Susannah Cantrell, Peggy Wright, Donald E. Tillitt, Richard T. Di Giulio

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Fundulus heteroclitus embryos were exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during early development using nanoinjection or water bath exposure. TCDD caused developmental abnormalities that included hemorrhaging, loss of vascular integrity, edema, stunted development and death. The LC50 and LD50 of TCDD for Fundulus embryos were ~19.7 ± 9.5 pg TCDD/µl (water bath) and 0.25 ± 0.09 ng TCDD/g embryo (nanoinjection). To identify a possible cause for these developmental abnormalities we analyzed the effects of TCDD on apoptotic cell death and cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression in the embryos. TCDD exposure increased apoptotic cell death in several tissues including brain, …

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Mutation Of The Gene Encoding Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Type 1 (Cnf1) Attenuates The Virulence Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Karen E. Rippere-Lampe, Alison D. O'Brien, Richard Conran, Hank A. Lockman Jan 2001

Mutation Of The Gene Encoding Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Type 1 (Cnf1) Attenuates The Virulence Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Karen E. Rippere-Lampe, Alison D. O'Brien, Richard Conran, Hank A. Lockman

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) is a 115-kDa toxin that activates Rho GTPases and is produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). While both epidemiological studies that link CNF1 production by E. coli with urinary tract disease and the cytopathic effects of CNF1 on cultured urinary tract cells are suggestive of a role for the toxin as a UPEC virulence factor, few in vivo studies to test this possibility have been reported. Therefore, in this investigation, we evaluated the importance of CNF1 in a murine model of urinary tract infection (UTI) by comparing the degree of colonization and damage induced …

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Salmonella Typhimurium Translocates Flagellin Across Intestinal Epithelia, Inducing A Proinflammatory Response, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Peter O. Simon Jr., Clare K. Schmitt, Laura J. Taylor, Curt H. Hagedorn, Alison D. O'Brien, Andrew S. Neish, James L. Madara Jan 2001

Salmonella Typhimurium Translocates Flagellin Across Intestinal Epithelia, Inducing A Proinflammatory Response, Andrew T. Gewirtz, Peter O. Simon Jr., Clare K. Schmitt, Laura J. Taylor, Curt H. Hagedorn, Alison D. O'Brien, Andrew S. Neish, James L. Madara

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

This study investigated whether soluble paracrine factors mediated Salmonella-induced IL-8 expression in polarized model intestinal epithelia. We found that the basolateral media of model epithelia that had been apically infected with Salmonella typhimurium for a short period (10 minutes) could activate IL-8 secretion in virgin model epithelia, demonstrating that a proinflammatory factor (PIF) was indeed present. Initial characterization found that PIF was a heat-stable protein with a molecular mass of about 50 kDa that acts on the basolateral, but not apical, surface of model intestinal epithelia to elicit IL-8 secretion. PIF was not present in the media of model …

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Now & Then (Volume 18, Issue 02, 2001), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University Jan 2001

Now & Then (Volume 18, Issue 02, 2001), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 18, Issue 02, published in 2001. The theme of this issue is Always a Love Story: Fiction from the Appalachian Mountains. This issue centers on Appalachian fiction as an expression of love. Love of place, family, memory, and even the tensions that compel departure. Through interviews with contemporary writers, reflections on literary truth-telling in the anthracite region, and award-winning short fiction, it explores how authors resist stereotype while portraying complex attachments to the mountains. Essays, poetry, and reviews further emphasize the enduring emotional landscape of Appalachian storytelling, presenting regional literature as both …

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Now & Then (Volume 18, Issue 03, 2001), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University Jan 2001

Now & Then (Volume 18, Issue 03, 2001), Center Of Excellence For Appalachian Studies And Services, East Tennessee State University

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine

Now & Then: The Appalachian Magazine, Volume 18, Issue 03, published in 2001. The theme of this issue is Conserving and Developing Appalachia's Natural Resources. This issue examines the ongoing tension between economic development and environmental stewardship in Appalachia's resource-based industries. Through articles on native plant entrepreneurship, federal energy policy, mountaintop removal mining, post-industrial land recovery, and state park systems, it explores competing visions of prosperity, sustainability, and ecological responsibility. Essays, fiction, poetry, and reviews further reflect on personal and collective reckonings with land use, memory, and inheritance, presenting the region's natural landscape as both a source of livelihood …

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2001 Nebraska Swine Report Jan 2001

2001 Nebraska Swine Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Nutrition
Phytase in Swine Diets
Dietary Manipulation to Reduce Ammonia Concentration in Nursery Pig Facilities
Plasma Urea Concentrations of Pigs on Commercial Operations
Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal with Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal in Swine Diets
Economic Value of Ractopamine (Paylean™) for Finishing Pigs
Valine, Isoleucine, and Histidine Supplementation of Low-Protein, Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets for Growing Pigs
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) and Body Fat Changes
The Effect of Compensatory Growth on Organ Weights and Carcass Composition in Growing Gilts
Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development in Weanling Pigs

Genetics
Two-stage Selection for Ovulation Rate and Litter Size in Swine – an …

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Supreme Court Rules In Progress Pig Case, J. David Aiken Jan 2001

Supreme Court Rules In Progress Pig Case, J. David Aiken

Nebraska Swine Reports

Article 8 §12 of the Nebraska constitution (Initiative 300) establishes several requirements for corporations to legally qualify as family farm or ranch corporations. Under one provision, a majority of the family farm or ranch corporation’s shareholders must be family members, “at least one of whom is a person residing on or actively engaged in the day-to-day labor and management of the farm or ranch.” In Hall v Progress Pig Inc., 259 Neb 407 (May 12, 2000) (Progress Pig II) the Nebraska Supreme Court ruled that where no family member resides on the farm or ranch, a family member must …

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Phytase In Swine Diets, Mike Brumm Jan 2001

Phytase In Swine Diets, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine whether phytase additions to swine growing-finishing diets improved the availability of lysine, calcium, energy and phosphorus in corn and soybean meal-based diets. Diets investigated for growing-finishing barrows of high-lean-gain potential included: 1) University of Nebraska recommended diet formulations; 2) diets formulated to contain 85% of the lysine recommended; 3) lysine-deficient diets formulated with phytase; 4) phytase-formulated diets with phytase deleted; and 5) phytase-formulated diets with phytase deleted and with additional calcium and phosphorus. Pigs fed diets formulated to 85% of the recommended lysine level had slower growth, slower daily lean gain, poorer feed conversion, …

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The Effect Of Compensatory Growth On Organ Weights And Carcass Composition In Growing Gilts, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis Jan 2001

The Effect Of Compensatory Growth On Organ Weights And Carcass Composition In Growing Gilts, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of compensatory growth and amino acid supply on organ weights and carcass characteristics in growing gilts. Gilts were fed either a corn-soybean meal diet or a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with crystalline lysine. Pigs were randomly allotted to either a 21-day ad libitum eating period or a 42-day restricted-realimentated feeding period. The restricted-realimentated (RR) feeding period consisted of a 21-day restriction period and a 21- day ad libitum eating period (realimentation). During the restriction period, pigs were fed to maintain body weight. Results indicated that during the restriction period, gilts had a …

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Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis Jan 2001

Factors Affecting Small Intestine Development In Weanling Pigs, Steven J. Kitt, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Swine Reports

The pig faces significant biological and environmental challenges after weaning. A great deal of information is available on behavior, environment, health, and nutrition of the newly weaned pig; however, newly weaned pigs still suffer a growth lag. The pig’s small intestinal structure and function is altered during the days that follow weaning. As a consequence, the digestive and absorptive capacity of weanling pigs is decreased during this period and this may be partially responsible for the post weaning growth lag. Additionally, health benefits may be associated with an improved small intestinal structure and function. The goal of this article is …

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Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla) And Body Fat Changes, Jess L. Miner, Chris Cederberg, Xiaoli Chen, Clifton Baile, Merlyn K. Nielsen Jan 2001

Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid (Cla) And Body Fat Changes, Jess L. Miner, Chris Cederberg, Xiaoli Chen, Clifton Baile, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Nebraska Swine Reports

Feeding mixed isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds (CLA) reduces body fat in several species, including pigs. To learn about the mechanism involved, we fed CLA to sexually mature mice at 0, 1 and 2% of the diet for 5, 12 and 14 days. Dietary CLA reduced body fat by nearly 50% but did not reduce body weight. Mice fed CLA also experienced programmed death (apoptosis) of fat cells. This implicates a new mechanism (fat cell death) by which CLA reduces body fat without reducing lean. The effectiveness of feeding CLA for as few as five days may …

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Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal With Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal In Swine Diets, Andrea M. Tucker, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese Jan 2001

Replacing Conventionally Processed Soybean Meal With Extruded/Expelled Soybean Meal In Swine Diets, Andrea M. Tucker, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

The effects of extruded/expelled soybean meal (ESBM) on growth performance and carcass composition of pigs from weaning to slaughter were investigated. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, weaned pigs were fed a diet containing either conventional solvent-extracted soybean meal or ESBM. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were greater in pigs fed the control diet. The second experiment was designed to determine whether nursery diet influenced performance during the growing-finishing period. In the second experiment, half of the pigs from Experiment 1 were assigned to either a control or ESBM diet and were fed until slaughter. Average daily …

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Book Review: Research Techniques In Animal Ecology: Controversies And Consequences, Douglas H. Johnson Jan 2001

Book Review: Research Techniques In Animal Ecology: Controversies And Consequences, Douglas H. Johnson

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

This edited volume covers a number of techniques widely used in animal ecology. It is intended not so much as a handbook, though, as a critique. Authors of each chapter present an overview of the techniques pertinent to the topic of that chapter, then point out weaknesses and strengths of those techniques. This book is the result of a workshop held in Sicily in late 1996, which involved a small group of scientists and a limited audience of 75. The authors, noted European and North American scientists, have clearly expended the effort to synthesize a lot of information for the …

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Law As Culture, Naomi Mezey Jan 2001

Law As Culture, Naomi Mezey

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This Essay is an attempt to theorize the relationship of law to culture and culture to law beyond the intuitive, commonplace sense that law partakes of culture - by reflecting it as well as by reacting against it - and that culture refracts law. It proposes a theory of law as culture that, in detailing the mutually constitutive nature of the relationship, distinguishes itself from the way law and culture have been conceived by realist and critical legal scholars, as well as by social norms writers. The Essay concludes by speculating about one possible method by which this theorizing might …

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Kronos [2001], State University Of New York At Stony Brook, School Of Medicine Jan 2001

Kronos [2001], State University Of New York At Stony Brook, School Of Medicine

Kronos (School of Medicine)

This edition of Kronos, published in 2001, is the official yearbook of the State University of New York at Stony Brook, School of Medicine. Hard-bound.

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Graduate School Of Computer And Information Sciences--Master Of Science Degree Programs 2001-2003, Nova Southeastern University Jan 2001

Graduate School Of Computer And Information Sciences--Master Of Science Degree Programs 2001-2003, Nova Southeastern University

College of Engineering and Computing Course Catalogs

No abstract provided.

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A Study Of Pennsylvania German Iconography : A Common Language And Its Ephrata Variant, Rebekah Leigh Jacob Jan 2001

A Study Of Pennsylvania German Iconography : A Common Language And Its Ephrata Variant, Rebekah Leigh Jacob

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Asymmetry In Reproductive Isolation In Four Populations Of Schizocos Crassipes From The Southeastern U.S.A. (Araneae Lycosidae), Elizabeth A. Germano Jan 2001

Asymmetry In Reproductive Isolation In Four Populations Of Schizocos Crassipes From The Southeastern U.S.A. (Araneae Lycosidae), Elizabeth A. Germano

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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The Methodology Of Listening From Within The Mask, Ryan Alan Pierini Jan 2001

The Methodology Of Listening From Within The Mask, Ryan Alan Pierini

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Antimicrobial Compounds From Aquatic And Marine Organisms, Ira Rajbhandari Jan 2001

Antimicrobial Compounds From Aquatic And Marine Organisms, Ira Rajbhandari

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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A Comparison Of Soil Types And Their Relation To Mississippian And Historic Period Site Selection, Lainie Shanks Luse Jan 2001

A Comparison Of Soil Types And Their Relation To Mississippian And Historic Period Site Selection, Lainie Shanks Luse

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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A Comparison Of The Early Life Stage Responses Of The Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) To Copper Sulfate : A Metal Toxicant, Chlorpyrifos, An Organophosphorus Insecticide, And Benzo(A)Pyrene, A Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Raymond Frederic Grenfell Jan 2001

A Comparison Of The Early Life Stage Responses Of The Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) To Copper Sulfate : A Metal Toxicant, Chlorpyrifos, An Organophosphorus Insecticide, And Benzo(A)Pyrene, A Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon, Raymond Frederic Grenfell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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Life In No Trump: Property And Speech Under The Constitution, Richard A. Epstein Jan 2001

Life In No Trump: Property And Speech Under The Constitution, Richard A. Epstein

Faculty Articles

The editors of the Maine Law Review have been kind enough to offer me the opponunity to respond to Laura Underkuffler's criticism of my work in her recent Godfrey Lecture, "When Should Rights 'Trump'? An Examination of Speech and Property," which appears in the preceding issue. Underkuffler's argument proceeds at a high level of abstraction and is, I believe, vulnerable to criticism on both theoretical and practical grounds. Starting with the former, she is obviously drawn to Professor Ronald Dworkin 'swell-known metaphor of rights as trumps. The clear implication of his language is that a right is an absolute that …

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Intellectual Property: Old Boundaries And New Frontiers, Richard A. Epstein Jan 2001

Intellectual Property: Old Boundaries And New Frontiers, Richard A. Epstein

Faculty Articles

It is a great honor for me to speak here this afternoon. The Harris Lecture Series is indeed one of the single most distinguished series of faculty lectures found in law schools throughout the country today, and I am proud to join the distinguished list of lecturers that have graced this podium in years past. The topic of this lecture is shrouded in ambiguity, for it travels under the name Intellectual Property: Old Boundaries and New Frontiers, which allows me more or less complete freedom to speak about the general field of intellectual property without violating the jurisdictional constraints imposed …

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Super-Statutes, William N. Eskridge Jr., John A. Ferejohn Jan 2001

Super-Statutes, William N. Eskridge Jr., John A. Ferejohn

Faculty Articles

Not all statutes are created equal. Appropriations laws perform important public functions, but they are usually short-sighted and have little effect on the law beyond the years for which they apportion public monies. Most substantive statutes adopted by Congress and state legislatures reveal little more ambition: they cover narrow subject areas or represent legislative compromises that are short-term fixes to bigger problems and cannot easily be defended as the best policy result that can be achieved. Some statutes reveal ambition but do not penetrate deeply into American norms or institutional practice. Even fewer statutes successfully penetrate public normative and institutional …

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Scientific Uncertainty And Causation In Tort Law, Mark A. Geistfeld Jan 2001

Scientific Uncertainty And Causation In Tort Law, Mark A. Geistfeld

Faculty Articles

Cases involving scientific uncertainty should be resolved on the basis of the appropriate tort norm for allocating the burden of factual uncertainty. This norm does not require epidemiological proof in the products liability context, because such proof is primarily relevant for damages rather than causation. For damage issues, the tort norm allocates the burden of factual uncertainty to the defendant. In other contexts, epidemiological evidence is primarily relevant for causation, and the requirement of epidemiological proof is consistent with a tort norm of equality. The requirement, however, is limited by various contextual considerations, including the current state of science, and …

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How Come Hee Haw? : An Exploration Into The How's And Why's Of Hee Haw's Success / By Sally Hodo Walburn, Sally Hodo Walburn Jan 2001

How Come Hee Haw? : An Exploration Into The How's And Why's Of Hee Haw's Success / By Sally Hodo Walburn, Sally Hodo Walburn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

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