Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2000

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 58801 - 58830 of 58835

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

The Julietta Gold Mining Project: Lessons For Project Finance In The Emerging Markets, Ian R. Coles Jan 2000

The Julietta Gold Mining Project: Lessons For Project Finance In The Emerging Markets, Ian R. Coles

Fordham International Law Journal

This essay discusses the Julietta gold mining project and the categories of risk that investors and lenders look at when assessing the suitability of a project. The financing of projects on a limited recourse basis in the emerging markets is a subject that has received much attention over the course of the last several years. This has been particularly the case with respect to mining projects where declining commodity prices worldwide have led to the need for mining companies to access minerals in countries where the costs of extraction are lower than in the developed markets. The recent decline in …

Go to article

International Project Finance And Arbitration With Public Sector Entities: When Is Arbitrability A Fiction?, Mark Kantor Jan 2000

International Project Finance And Arbitration With Public Sector Entities: When Is Arbitrability A Fiction?, Mark Kantor

Fordham International Law Journal

This article reviews the events surrounding two prominent arbitration decisions related to two Indonesia geothermal power projects sponsored by CalEnergy Company, Inc. ("CalEnergy"), known as the Patuha and Himpurna projects, and a Pakistani power project developed by the Hub Power Company, Ltd. ("HubCo"). The aggressive involvement of local courts in the CalEnergy and HubCo proceedings does not reassure investors relying on the perceived neutrality of international arbitral institutions to mitigate the risk of uncertain justice in unstable countries. The author asks: Are problems between State entities in troubled developing countries and international project sponsors simply not arbitrable as a practical …

Go to article

Renegotiating International Project Agreements, Jeswald W. Salacuse Jan 2000

Renegotiating International Project Agreements, Jeswald W. Salacuse

Fordham International Law Journal

The Essay examines the phenomenon of renegotiation of international project agreements, explores its nature and causes, and offers useful advice on how best to conduct the renegotiation process.

Go to article

Privatizing Water Systems: A Primer, Robert Vitale Jan 2000

Privatizing Water Systems: A Primer, Robert Vitale

Fordham International Law Journal

This Essay will discuss the reasons behind the trend of privatizing water systems, explain the basic concepts involved in privatizing water systems, and assess the benefits and challenges of privatization. The private sector has long played an active role in helping governments design, finance, construct, operate, and maintain potable and waste water systems. The 1990s, however, were witness to a dramatic rise in the use of the private sector to supplant--and not merely supplement--the public sector in the water area.

Go to article

Rich And Rare Are The Gems They War: Holding De Beers Accountable For Trading Conflict Diamonds, Lucinda Saunders Jan 2000

Rich And Rare Are The Gems They War: Holding De Beers Accountable For Trading Conflict Diamonds, Lucinda Saunders

Fordham International Law Journal

This Note focuses on the accountability of corporations for indirectly fueling civil wars by purchasing diamonds from insurgent groups. While many corporations are involved in the diamond industry, De Beers controls a majority of the uncut diamond market, including mining, buying, and selling uncut diamonds. Therefore, this Note will analyze whether De Beers may be held liable for knowingly funding war criminals under the Alien Tort Claims Act ("ATCA"). Part I of this Note examines the trade in conflict diamonds in Angola and Sierra Leone and De Beers's involvement in this trade. Part II examines case law developments under the …

Go to article

Interpreting International Trade Statutes: Is The Charming Betsy Sinking?, Jane A. Restani, Ira Bloom Jan 2000

Interpreting International Trade Statutes: Is The Charming Betsy Sinking?, Jane A. Restani, Ira Bloom

Fordham International Law Journal

This essay is about the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (“GATT”), and the World Trade Organization (“WTO”). The United States has chosen to participate in NAFTA, GATT, and WTO by the President's signing international agreements. These agreements, however, have not been presented to the Senate for ratification as treaties, although, as some commentators have noted, they bear the characteristics of treaties. Rather, they are implemented by Congress enacting domestic implementing legislation as statutory law.

Go to article

Berlin Diary: Jewish Legal History In Germany's Capital, Jeffery I. Roth Jan 2000

Berlin Diary: Jewish Legal History In Germany's Capital, Jeffery I. Roth

Fordham International Law Journal

This Essay chronicles the author’s activities in Berlin. It includes the contents of the seminar, detailed on a class-by-class basis, which he hopes may serve others as a useful outline for a Jewish legal history course. In addition, in our era of increasingly globalized legal education, some may find accounts of American law professors' visits abroad useful in their own right. The Essay also includes the author’s observations of a reunited but still divided city and its people. In the broader context, he offers the diary of his visit as a window into the process of German-Jewish rapprochement, a process …

Go to article

The Modernization Of The Enforcement Of Articles 81 And 82 Ec: A Legal And Economic Analysis Of The Commission's Proposal For A New Council Regulation Replacing Regulation No. 17, Wouter P.J. Wils Jan 2000

The Modernization Of The Enforcement Of Articles 81 And 82 Ec: A Legal And Economic Analysis Of The Commission's Proposal For A New Council Regulation Replacing Regulation No. 17, Wouter P.J. Wils

Fordham International Law Journal

The purpose of this Essay is to analyze the proposed new regime for the enforcement of Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty, compared with the current situation under Regulation No. 17, in the light of the four dimensions which have just been identified. The issue of timing of legal intervention is discussed first. Indeed, the most important aspect of the proposed reform is the abandonment of the current (pretence at) ex ante enforcement through prescreening and the move to a pure system of ex post enforcement through deterrence. The following section looks at the role of the competition …

Go to article

Droits D'Urgence: Access Of Citizens To Legal Information In France, Jean-Luc Bédos Jan 2000

Droits D'Urgence: Access Of Citizens To Legal Information In France, Jean-Luc Bédos

Fordham International Law Journal

The purpose of this Article is to give a brief overview of citizen access to justice and legal information in France, both before and after the implementation of the reform. This Article will primarily focus on the work of non-governmental organizations in this field, especially the work of Droits d'Urgence, the NGO of which I am a founder and President. Droits d'Urgence deals primarily with access to legal information for the most marginalized sectors of the population. It is a humanitarian organization of legal professionals involved in the promotion of rights for those suffering from exclusion.

Go to article

Preserving Indigenous Paradigms In An Age Of Globalization: Pragmatic Strategies For The Development Of Clinical Legal Aid In China, Michael William Dowdle Jan 2000

Preserving Indigenous Paradigms In An Age Of Globalization: Pragmatic Strategies For The Development Of Clinical Legal Aid In China, Michael William Dowdle

Fordham International Law Journal

This Essay uses the experiences of international efforts to promote clinical legal aid in China to explore one such unexpected consequence of globalization: international assistance's understandable focus on more familiar kinds of legal aid institutions and activities can unintentionally impede the development of indigenous legal aid practices and institutions that might ultimately be better suited for the particular domestic environment. Part I of this essay will discuss international efforts to promote clinical legal aid in China, Part II will discuss reductive strategies for promoting legal development and the problems they present, Part III will discuss pragmatic strategies for promoting legal …

Go to article

Public Provision Of Legal Services In The United Kingdom: A New Dawn?, Anne Owers Jan 2000

Public Provision Of Legal Services In The United Kingdom: A New Dawn?, Anne Owers

Fordham International Law Journal

There are likely to be two effects on the provision and demand for legal aid. First, under Article 6 of the ECHR, there may be a requirement for free legal advice and representation for those whose civil rights are at issue in complex cases and who could not otherwise afford it. This may particularly affect representation before tribunals, which deal with matters for which no legal aid is currently available such as employment, welfare benefits, and immigration. Legal aid has already been promised for immigration and asylum tribunals. Second, there is likely to be a large amount of litigation in …

Go to article

Welcoming Remarks--April 6, 2000, Michael A. Cooper Jan 2000

Welcoming Remarks--April 6, 2000, Michael A. Cooper

Fordham International Law Journal

The speaker welcomes the attendees, who come from fourteen different countries, and outlines five common characteristics that unite those present. First, there is a significant number of people in our societies who live below the poverty line and who routinely have their legal needs overlooked. Second, the attendees recognize that basic human needs are protected by legal rights, and legal assistance and access to justice are necessary to vindicate those rights. Third, the resources currently available to help the poor address their legal needs are woefully inadequate in almost all of the countries represented. Fourth, those meeting today share a …

Go to article

What Is Access To Justice? Identifying The Unmet Legal Needs Of The Poor, Philip Alston, Dr. Alex Boraine, Justice Catherine Brannon, Hina Jilani, Justice Earl Johnson, Jr. Jan 2000

What Is Access To Justice? Identifying The Unmet Legal Needs Of The Poor, Philip Alston, Dr. Alex Boraine, Justice Catherine Brannon, Hina Jilani, Justice Earl Johnson, Jr.

Fordham International Law Journal

Philp Alston moderated a panel featuring Dr. Alex Boraine, Justice Catherine Branson, Hina Jilani, and Justice Earl Johnson, Jr.. The panelists discussed access to justice for the poor in their respective countries (South Africa, Australia, Pakistan, and the United States). The panelists discussed how the current system fails to address the legal needs of the poor, and what progress is being made in that area.

Go to article

Welcoming Remarks: The Paris Bar: Access To Justice And Access To Legal Advice, Franics Teitgen Jan 2000

Welcoming Remarks: The Paris Bar: Access To Justice And Access To Legal Advice, Franics Teitgen

Fordham International Law Journal

Francis Teitgen, Batonnier of the Paris Bar Assocation, gave welcoming remarks on April 7, 2000, and discussed France's system for provision of legal aid services. He began by describing the history of legal aid in France. He then discussed the role of the Paris Bar Association in providing access to legal representation to those who could not otherwise afford it. Mr. Teitgen then discussed the process by which incarcerated individuals access lawyers. He also described a free legal consultation system run by the Paris Bar. He concluded by discussing new initiatives the Paris Bar is spearheading to increase access to …

Go to article

An Overview Of Civil Legal Services Delivery Models, Edwin Rekosh, Pascal Dourneau-Josette, Daniel L. Greenberg, David J. Mcquoid-Mason, Anne Owers Jan 2000

An Overview Of Civil Legal Services Delivery Models, Edwin Rekosh, Pascal Dourneau-Josette, Daniel L. Greenberg, David J. Mcquoid-Mason, Anne Owers

Fordham International Law Journal

The panel, moderated by Edwin Rekosh, discussed access to civil legal aid in various contexts. Pascal Dourneau-Jostte described the French system of legal aid, as well as the European Court of Human Right's methods of providing free legal services. Daniel McQuoid-Mason described the civil legal aid system in South Africa; he noted that only 20% of the country's legal aid goes to civil aid. Anne Owers discussed civil legal aid in the UK. Daniel Greenberg gave an overview of civil legal aid in the United States.

Go to article

Roundtable: Funding Strategies, Maria L. Imperial, Lorna Blake, Maria Dakolias, Daina Petrauskaite, Simon Rice, Nye Thomas Jan 2000

Roundtable: Funding Strategies, Maria L. Imperial, Lorna Blake, Maria Dakolias, Daina Petrauskaite, Simon Rice, Nye Thomas

Fordham International Law Journal

Led by moderator Maria L. Imperial, the panelists discussed funding strategies for legal services for the poor. Each panelist gave an overview of funding mechanisms in their home country (Canada, Lithuania, the United States, Australia).

Go to article

Reception, Justice Juanita Bing Newton Jan 2000

Reception, Justice Juanita Bing Newton

Fordham International Law Journal

Justice Juanita Bing Newton, Deputy Chief Administrative Judge for Justice Initiatives for the State of New York, welcomes participants to a reception. She described her position and her role in spearheading access to justice initiatives in New York.

Go to article

Welcoming Remarks: April 8, 2000, Michel Gout Jan 2000

Welcoming Remarks: April 8, 2000, Michel Gout

Fordham International Law Journal

Michel Gout welcomed participants and described access to justice initiatives in the European Union. He discussed various instruments in European Union law that ensure access to justice (European Court of Justice, Court of First Instance, European Court of Human Rights, Brussels Convention Article 44, Hague Convention 2 Relating to Civil Procedures, Hague Convention 99 on Access to Justice, and Agreement of the COuncil of Europe on Transmission for Applications to Legal Aid). Mr. Gout described the successes of these instruments, and also the obstacles the European Union still faces in providing legal aid for its citizens.

Go to article

Simple Ensemble-Averaging Model Based On Generalized Regression Neural Network In Financial Forecasting Problems, Cihan H. Dagli, Parinya Disorntetiwat Jan 2000

Simple Ensemble-Averaging Model Based On Generalized Regression Neural Network In Financial Forecasting Problems, Cihan H. Dagli, Parinya Disorntetiwat

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Introduces an ensemble-averaging model based on a GRNN (generalized regression neural network) for financial forecasting. The model trains all input individually using GRNNs and uses a simple ensemble-averaging committee machine to improve the accuracy performance. In a financial problem, there are many different factors that can effect the asset price movement at different times. An experiment is implemented in two different data sets, S&P 500 index and currency exchange rate. The predictive abilities of the model are evaluated on the basis of root mean squared error, standard deviation and percent direction correctness. The study shows a promising result of the …

Go to article

Analysis Of Intangible Factors In Waste Minimization Projects, Halvard E. Nystrom, William Ralph Kehr Jan 2000

Analysis Of Intangible Factors In Waste Minimization Projects, Halvard E. Nystrom, William Ralph Kehr

Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Continual population growth and rising standards of living that accelerate the consumption of limited resources, are forcing society to encourage conservation of these resources. These resources not only include raw material, but also the areas to dispose of the wastes. As a result, communities are driving industries towards waste minimization by limiting waste generation and landfill availability. Firms'' environmentally friendly strategies can gain competitive advantage by leading in environmental practices. This advantage emanates from the reduction of risk of environmental regulatory overreaction, as well as improved asset utilization and landfill utilization. However, these intangible benefits are difficult to identify and …

Go to article

Faculty Senate Minutes 1999 - 2000, Missouri University Of Science And Technology Faculty Senate Jan 2000

Faculty Senate Minutes 1999 - 2000, Missouri University Of Science And Technology Faculty Senate

Minutes & Agendas

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Border Detection On Digitized Skin Tumor Images, Z. Zhang, William V. Stoecker, Randy Hays Moss Jan 2000

Border Detection On Digitized Skin Tumor Images, Z. Zhang, William V. Stoecker, Randy Hays Moss

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

A radial search technique is presented for detecting skin tumor borders in clinical dermatology images. First, it includes two rounds of radial search based on the same tumor center. The first-round search is independent, and the second-round search is knowledge-based tracking. Then a rescan with a new center is used to solve the blind-spot problem. The algorithm is tested on model images with excellent performance, and on 300 real clinical images with a satisfactory result

Go to article

Computerised Evaluation Of Cognitive And Motor Function, B. Kisačanin, G. C. Agarwal, J. Taber, D. (Daniel) Hier Jan 2000

Computerised Evaluation Of Cognitive And Motor Function, B. Kisačanin, G. C. Agarwal, J. Taber, D. (Daniel) Hier

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Paper, We Present a Clinical Study of Computerized Tracking in the Evaluation of Cognitive and Motor Function. We Investigate its Use in the Assessment of Effectiveness of Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) as Well as in the Process of Following the Progress of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). to Simplify the Experiments, We Introduce Real-Time Adaptation of the Target Speed. in the Study with Epileptic Patients, Three Result Groups Are Compared: Blood Levels of AEDs, Scores on Standard Neuropsychological Tests, and Scores on Computerized Tracking and Reaction Time Tests. It is Found that the Computerized Tests Are Repeatable, Reliable and Sensitive and …

Go to article

Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry For Rapid Classification Of Oysters According To Rearing Area, J. Krupcík, P. Oswald, I. Spánik, P. Májek, M. Bajdichová, P. Sandra, Daniel W. Armstrong Jan 2000

Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry For Rapid Classification Of Oysters According To Rearing Area, J. Krupcík, P. Oswald, I. Spánik, P. Májek, M. Bajdichová, P. Sandra, Daniel W. Armstrong

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Current concern for the safety and traceability of food, as well as the desire of oyster farmers, for marketing reason, to emphasize the geographical origin of their production, requires new methods to make possible a real product identification. In this study, 181 oyster samples were analyzed to determine their origin area. These samples were collected in nine French rearing areas at four different times of the year (spring, summer, and the beginning and end of autumn) and from four to eight sites in each area to provide a variability parameter. Analysis of fingerprints after Curie point pyrolysis-mass spectrometry, by an …

Go to article

Automated Identification Of The Operational Modes Of Switched Electric Circuits, J. Jatskevich, O. Wasynczuk, E. A. Walters, C. E. Lucas, Steven Pekarek, P. T. Lamm Jan 2000

Automated Identification Of The Operational Modes Of Switched Electric Circuits, J. Jatskevich, O. Wasynczuk, E. A. Walters, C. E. Lucas, Steven Pekarek, P. T. Lamm

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the analysis of power-electronic-based energy conversion systems, it is important to identify the operational modes of the associated converters and inverters. However, as the number of switching elements increases, it becomes more difficult to analytically establish all possible modes of operation. In this paper, a modelling technique is described wherein a state-space representation of the overall system is generated automatically and updated dynamically as each new topology is encountered. Utilizing this approach, it becomes possible to identify the operational modes of converters and inverters based upon the cyclically repeated sequences of topologies that can be observed during steady-state operation. …

Go to article

A Novel Fpga-Based Master/Slave Pci Interface Core, Chris Brueggen, Hardy J. Pottinger Jan 2000

A Novel Fpga-Based Master/Slave Pci Interface Core, Chris Brueggen, Hardy J. Pottinger

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Current high-density, high-speed devices such as Xilinx's Virtex FPGAs are more than capable of implementing a 64-bit, 66 MHz PCI bus interface and associated application specific logic. This paper presents a novel design for an FPGA-based PCI bus interface, which is being used in the development of a medical ultrasound instrument.

Go to article

Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory And Rules, Ah-Hwee Tan Jan 2000

Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory And Rules, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Supervised Adaptive Resonance Theory is a family of neural networks that performs incremental supervised learning of recognition categories (pattern classes) and multidimensional maps of both binary and analog patterns. This chapter highlights that the supervised ART architecture is compatible with IF-THEN rule-based symbolic representation. Specifi­cally, the knowledge learned by a supervised ART system can be readily translated into rules for interpretation. Similarly, a priori domain knowl­edge in the form of IF-THEN rules can be converted into a supervised ART architecture. Not only does initializing networks with prior knowl­edge improve predictive accuracy and learning efficiency, the inserted symbolic knowledge can also …

Go to article

Information Technology In The Health Care Industry: A Primer, P. Southard, S. J. Hong, Keng Siau Jan 2000

Information Technology In The Health Care Industry: A Primer, P. Southard, S. J. Hong, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The paper discusses current and future applications of information technology within the healthcareindustry. It presents some broad strategies for approaching information technology investments and various tools available.

Go to article

E-Commerce Systems Development Methodologies, M. Rossi, Keng Siau, S. Purao Jan 2000

E-Commerce Systems Development Methodologies, M. Rossi, Keng Siau, S. Purao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Methodologies. This is the first time we organize this new minitrack on electronic commerce systems development. The flexibility, scalability, user-friendliness, privacy, security, intuitiveness, and other important characteristics of electronic commerce systems make the systems development process of such systems very multifaceted and complex. Today, most electronic commerce systems are built based on intuition and rule of thumbs.Many practitioners have the misconception that there is no need for a systematic modeling and design technique for these systems. The lack of appropriate methods and methodologies to support electronic commerce systems development is another stumbling block. Most of the widely used methods are …

Go to article

The Urban Development Of The Azbakiyya Perimeter, Magdy Albert Jan 2000

The Urban Development Of The Azbakiyya Perimeter, Magdy Albert

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last