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Articles 4501 - 4530 of 6606
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
First, "Let's Kill All The Intellectual Property Lawyers!": Musings On The Decline And Fall Of The Intellectual Property Empire, 34 J. Marshall L. Rev. 851 (2001), Doris E. Long
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Graduate Catalog 2000-2002, Winona State University
Graduate Catalog 2000-2002, Winona State University
Graduate Course Catalogs
A course catalog for graduate studies at Winona State University for 2000-2002.
Male Circumcision And Hiv Prevention: Directions For Future Research, Johannes Van Dam, Marie Christine Anastasi
Male Circumcision And Hiv Prevention: Directions For Future Research, Johannes Van Dam, Marie Christine Anastasi
HIV and AIDS
A growing body of scientific publications suggests that male circumcision is associated with reduced risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, male circumcision is being considered as a potential intervention in the prevention of sexually transmitted HIV infection, even though this procedure has profound cultural implications and carries the risk of complications, and its benefits are realized only many years later. This report presents the findings of a meeting of international researchers, organized by the Horizons Project to explore the programmatic and research implications of the association between male circumcision and HIV prevention. Most studies on male circumcision and …
The Ada Reasonable Accommodations Requirement And The Development Of University Services Policies: Helping Or Hindering Students With Learning Disabilities?, Holly A. Currier
The Ada Reasonable Accommodations Requirement And The Development Of University Services Policies: Helping Or Hindering Students With Learning Disabilities?, Holly A. Currier
University of Baltimore Law Forum
No abstract provided.
Cytotoxic Mab From Rheumatic Carditis Recognizes Heart Valves And Laminin, Jeffrey E. Galvin, Mark E. Hemric, Kent Ward, Madeleine W. Cunningham
Cytotoxic Mab From Rheumatic Carditis Recognizes Heart Valves And Laminin, Jeffrey E. Galvin, Mark E. Hemric, Kent Ward, Madeleine W. Cunningham
Faculty Publications and Presentations
Anti-streptococcal antibodies cross-reactive with N-acetyl-bD-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and myosin are present in the sera of patients with rheumatic fever (RF). However, their role in tissue injury is not clear. In this study, we show that anti-GlcNAc/anti-myosin mAb 3.B6 from a rheumatic carditis patient was cytotoxic for human endothelial cell lines and reacted with human valvular endothelium and underlying basement membrane. Reactivity of mAb 3.B6 with the valve was inhibited by human cardiac myosin > laminin > GlcNAc. The mAb 3.B6 epitopes were localized in fragments of human cardiac myosin, including heavy meromyosin (HMM), the S1 subfragment, and two light meromyosin (LMM) peptides containing …
Introduction: States, Provinces, And Cross-Border International Trade, M. Catherine Vernon
Introduction: States, Provinces, And Cross-Border International Trade, M. Catherine Vernon
Canada-United States Law Journal
crossborder trade--Canada and United States
Table Of Contents, Table Of Contents
Table Of Contents, Table Of Contents
Canada-United States Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Actions For Biconformal Matter, Andre Wehner, James Thomas Wheeler
Actions For Biconformal Matter, Andre Wehner, James Thomas Wheeler
All Physics Faculty Publications
We extend 2n-dim biconformal gauge theory by including Lorentz-scalar matter fields of arbitrary conformal weight. For a massless scalar field of conformal weight zero in a torsion-free biconformal geometry, the solution is determined by the Einstein equation on an n-dim submanifold, with the stress-energy tensor of the scalar field as source. The matter field satisfies the n-dim Klein-Gordon equation.
Effects Of Evolving Surface Contamination On Spacecraft Charging, W. Y. Chang, John R. Dennison, Jason Kite, R. E. Davies
Effects Of Evolving Surface Contamination On Spacecraft Charging, W. Y. Chang, John R. Dennison, Jason Kite, R. E. Davies
All Physics Faculty Publications
The effects of evolving surface contamination on spacecraft charging have been investigated through (i) ground-based measurements of the change in electron emission properties of a conducting surface undergoing contamination and (ii) modeling of the charging of such surfaces using the NASCAP code. Specifically, we studied a Au surface as adsorbed species were removed and a very thin disordered carbon film was deposited as a result of exposure to an intense, normal incidence electron beam. As a result of this contamination, we found an ~50% decrease in secondary electron yield and an ~20% reduction in backscattered yield. The type and rates …
Estimation Of Evaporation Of Previously Condensed Hydrocarbons In A Tunnel Burn Experiment, Zoran Stefanoski
Estimation Of Evaporation Of Previously Condensed Hydrocarbons In A Tunnel Burn Experiment, Zoran Stefanoski
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations
As part of the worldwide demilitarization efforts, outmoded solid rocket motor propellant is being destroyed by burning. Often this is done on a repeated basis in a closed chamber. There is concern whether or not previously condensed materials on the chamber wall might be re-evaporated during a new burn; The objective of this thesis is to estimate the amount of evaporation/sublimation possible for different types of organic materials during burns in a tunnel. This was carried out theoretically and compared to measurements. For the estimations, predictions of the wall and ambient temperatures were made. The evaporation/sublimation was then estimated as …
Placement Of Bright S88b Objects On A Hertzprung-Russel Diagram Using Visible Light Measurements, Geoffrey A. Bonvallet
Placement Of Bright S88b Objects On A Hertzprung-Russel Diagram Using Visible Light Measurements, Geoffrey A. Bonvallet
Physics Senior Independent Study Theses
Thesis digitized from Physics Department I.S. Archive.
Mev Measurements Of Γ-Ray Bursts By Cgro-Comptel: Revised Catalog, A Connors, C A. Young, K Bennett, W Collmar, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, L Kuiper, Mark L. Mcconnell, R S. Miller, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, O R. Williams, C Winkler
Mev Measurements Of Γ-Ray Bursts By Cgro-Comptel: Revised Catalog, A Connors, C A. Young, K Bennett, W Collmar, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, L Kuiper, Mark L. Mcconnell, R S. Miller, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, O R. Williams, C Winkler
Space Science Center
The imaging COMPTEL telescope has accumulated 0.1–30 MeV spectra, time-histories, and positions of more than forty γ-ray bursts within its ∼3 sr field of view in the eight years since its launch. CGRO-COMPTEL measures in both imaging “telescope” and single detector “burst spectroscopy” mode. In an ongoing collaboration with BACODINE/GCN, bursts are imaged automatically, with localizations relayed to a global network of multiwavelength observers in near real time (∼10 minutes). We have updated our burst search procedure in two ways: 1) using more sensitive search algorithms; and 2) using data from more detectors. The first are double change-point algorithms. With …
Comptel Upper Limits For The 56co Γ-Rays From Sn1998bu, R Georgii, S Pluschke, R Diehl, W Collmar, G G. Lichti, V Schonfelder, H Bloemen, J Knodlseder, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, K Bennett
Comptel Upper Limits For The 56co Γ-Rays From Sn1998bu, R Georgii, S Pluschke, R Diehl, W Collmar, G G. Lichti, V Schonfelder, H Bloemen, J Knodlseder, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, K Bennett
Space Science Center
The type Ia supernova SN 1998bu in M96 was observed by COMPTEL for a total of 88 days starting 17 days after the detection of the SN. A special mode improving the low-energy sensitivity was invoked. We obtained images in the 847 keV and 1238 keV lines of 56Co using an improved point-spread function for the low-energies. We do not detect SN1998bu. Sensitive upper limits at both energies constrain the standard supernova model for this event.
The Tigre Gamma-Ray Telescope, Terence J. O'Neill, D Battacharya, D Dixon, M Polson, R S. White, Allen Zych, James M. Ryan, Mark L. Mcconnell, John R. Macri, J Samimi, A Akyuz, W M. Mahoney, L Varnell
The Tigre Gamma-Ray Telescope, Terence J. O'Neill, D Battacharya, D Dixon, M Polson, R S. White, Allen Zych, James M. Ryan, Mark L. Mcconnell, John R. Macri, J Samimi, A Akyuz, W M. Mahoney, L Varnell
Space Science Center
TIGRE is an advanced telescope for gamma-ray astronomy with a few arcmin resolution. From 0.3 to 10 MeV it is a Compton telescope. Above 1 MeV, its multi-layers of double sided silicon strip detectors allow for Compton recoil electron tracking and the unique determination for incident photon direction. From 10 to 100 MeV the tracking feature is utilized for gamma-ray pair event reconstruction. Here we present TIGRE energy resolutions, background simulations and the development of the electronics readout system.
The Comptel Instrumental-Line Background, G Weidenspointer, M Varendorff, U Oberlack, S Pluschke, D Morris, R Diehl, S C. Kappadath, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder
The Comptel Instrumental-Line Background, G Weidenspointer, M Varendorff, U Oberlack, S Pluschke, D Morris, R Diehl, S C. Kappadath, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder
Space Science Center
The instrumental-line background of the Compton telescope COMPTEL onboard the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory is due to the activation and/or decay of a number of different isotopes. The major components of the COMPTEL instrumental-line background can be attributed to eight individual isotopes, namely 2D, 22Na, 24Na, 28Al, 40K, 52Mn, 57Ni, and 208Tl. In addition, evidence for the presence of 27Mg has been obtained in the search for gamma-ray lines from supernovae. The identification of the instrumental lines with specific isotopes is based on the line energies as well as on the variation of the activity with time, cosmic-ray intensity and deposited …
Summary Of The First Comptel Source Catalogue, V Schonfelder, K Bennett, J J. Blom, H Bloemen, W Collmar, A Connors, R Diehl, W Hermsen, A Iyudin, R M. Kippen, J Knodlseder, L Kuiper, G G. Lichti, Mark L. Mcconnell, D Morris, R Much, U Oberlack, James M. Ryan, G Stacy, H Steinle, A W. Strong, R Suleiman, R Vandijk, M Varendorff, C Winkler, O R. Williams
Summary Of The First Comptel Source Catalogue, V Schonfelder, K Bennett, J J. Blom, H Bloemen, W Collmar, A Connors, R Diehl, W Hermsen, A Iyudin, R M. Kippen, J Knodlseder, L Kuiper, G G. Lichti, Mark L. Mcconnell, D Morris, R Much, U Oberlack, James M. Ryan, G Stacy, H Steinle, A W. Strong, R Suleiman, R Vandijk, M Varendorff, C Winkler, O R. Williams
Space Science Center
No abstract provided.
Estimation Of Grb Detection By Fiberglast, Surasak Phengchamnan, K Aisaka, Muzaffer Atac, W Robert Binns, J Buckley, M L. Cherry, David B. Cline, Paul F. Dowkontt, John W. Epstein, M H. Finger, Gerald J. Fishman, T G. Guzik, P L. Hink, Martin H. Israel, S C. Kappadath, Gerald Karr, R M. Kippen, John R. Macri, Robert S. Mallozzi, Mark L. Mcconnell, Yuriy Pischalnikov, W Paciesas, Thomas A. Parnell, Geoffrey N. Pendleton, R D. Preece, Georgia A. Richardson, Keith R. Rielage, James M. Ryan, J G. Stacy, O T. Tumer, Donald B. Wallace, Robert B. Wilson
Estimation Of Grb Detection By Fiberglast, Surasak Phengchamnan, K Aisaka, Muzaffer Atac, W Robert Binns, J Buckley, M L. Cherry, David B. Cline, Paul F. Dowkontt, John W. Epstein, M H. Finger, Gerald J. Fishman, T G. Guzik, P L. Hink, Martin H. Israel, S C. Kappadath, Gerald Karr, R M. Kippen, John R. Macri, Robert S. Mallozzi, Mark L. Mcconnell, Yuriy Pischalnikov, W Paciesas, Thomas A. Parnell, Geoffrey N. Pendleton, R D. Preece, Georgia A. Richardson, Keith R. Rielage, James M. Ryan, J G. Stacy, O T. Tumer, Donald B. Wallace, Robert B. Wilson
Space Science Center
FiberGLAST is one of several instrument concepts being developed for possible inclusion as the primary Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) instrument. The predicted FiberGLAST effective area is more than 12,000 cm2 for energies between 30 MeV and 300 GeV, with a field of view that is essentially flat from 0°–80°. The detector will achieve a sensitivity more than 10 times that of EGRET. We present results of simulations that illustrate the sensitivity of FiberGLAST for the detection of gamma-ray bursts.
Minute-Of-Arc Resolution Gamma Ray Imaging Experiment—Margie, S C. Kappadath, P P. Altice, M L. Cherry, T G. Guzik, J G. Stacy, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, D L. Band, J L. Matteson, Terence J. O'Neill, Allen Zych, J Buckley, P L. Hink
Minute-Of-Arc Resolution Gamma Ray Imaging Experiment—Margie, S C. Kappadath, P P. Altice, M L. Cherry, T G. Guzik, J G. Stacy, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, D L. Band, J L. Matteson, Terence J. O'Neill, Allen Zych, J Buckley, P L. Hink
Space Science Center
MARGIE (Minute-of-Arc Resolution Gamma-ray Imaging Experiment) is a large area(∼104 cm2), wide field-of-view (∼1 sr), hard X-ray/gamma-ray (∼20–600 keV) coded-mask imaging telescope capable of performing a sensitive survey of both steady and transient cosmic sources. MARGIE has been selected for a NASA mission-concept study for an Ultra Long Duration (100 day) Balloon flight. We describe our program to develop the instrument based on new detector technology of either cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) semiconductors or pixellated cesium iodide (CsI) scintillators viewed by fast-timing bi-directional charge-coupled devices (CCDs). The primary scientific objectives are to image faint Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) in near-real-time at …
Comptel Time-Averaged All-Sky Point Source Analysis, W Collmar, V Schonfelder, A W. Strong, H Bloemen, W Hermsen, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, K Bennett
Comptel Time-Averaged All-Sky Point Source Analysis, W Collmar, V Schonfelder, A W. Strong, H Bloemen, W Hermsen, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, K Bennett
Space Science Center
We use all COMPTEL data from the beginning of the CGRO mission (April ’91) up to the end of CGRO Cycle 6 (November ’97) to carry out all-sky point source analyses in the four standard COMPTEL energy bands for different time periods. We apply our standard maximum-likelihood method to generate all-sky significance and flux maps for point sources by subtracting off the diffuse emission components via model fitting. In addition, fluxes of known sources have been determined for individual CGRO Phases/Cycles to generate lightcurves with a time resolution of the order of one year. The goal of the analysis is …
The Development Of A Position-Sensitive Czt Detector With Orthogonal Co-Planar Anode Strips, K Larson, L A. Hamel, V T. Jordanov, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, O Tousignant, A Vincent
The Development Of A Position-Sensitive Czt Detector With Orthogonal Co-Planar Anode Strips, K Larson, L A. Hamel, V T. Jordanov, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, O Tousignant, A Vincent
Space Science Center
We report on the simulation, construction, and performance of prototype CdZnTe imaging detectors with orthogonal coplanar anode strips. These detectors employ a novel electrode geometry with non-collecting anode strips in one dimension and collecting anode pixels, interconnected in rows, in the orthogonal direction. These detectors retain the spectroscopic and detection efficiency advantages of single carrier (electron) sensing devices as well as the principal advantage of conventional strip detectors with orthogonal anode and cathode strips, i.e. an N×N array of imaging pixels are with only 2N electronic channels. Charge signals induced on the various electrodes of a prototype detector with 8×8 …
Energetic Proton Spectra In The 11 June 1991 Solar Flare, C A. Young, M B. Arndt, A Connors, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, R Suleiman, V Schonfelder
Energetic Proton Spectra In The 11 June 1991 Solar Flare, C A. Young, M B. Arndt, A Connors, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, R Suleiman, V Schonfelder
Space Science Center
We have studied a subset of the 11 June 1991 solar flare γ-ray data that we believe arise from soft proton or ion spectra. Using data from the COMPTEL instrument on the Compton Observatory we discuss the gamma-ray intensities at 2.223 MeV, 4–7 MeV, and 8–30 MeV in terms of the parent proton spectrum responsible for the emission.
Gamma Ray Measurements Of The 1991 November 15 Solar Flare, M B. Arndt, K Bennett, A Connors, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, R Suleiman, C A. Young
Gamma Ray Measurements Of The 1991 November 15 Solar Flare, M B. Arndt, K Bennett, A Connors, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, R Suleiman, C A. Young
Space Science Center
The 1991 November 15 X1.5 flare was a well observed solar event. Comprehensive data from ground-based observatories and spacecraft provide the basis for a contextual interpretation of gamma-ray spectra from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). In particular, spectral, spatial, and temporal data at several energies are necessary to understand the particle dynamics and the acceleration mechanism(s) within this flare. X-ray images, radio, Ca XIX data and magnetograms provide morphological information on the acceleration region [4,5], while gamma-ray spectral data provide information on the parent ion spectrum. Furthermore, time profiles in hard X-rays and gamma-rays provide valuable information on temporal …
First Results Of A Study Of Tev Emission From Grbs In Milagrito, J E. Mcenery, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, B L. Dingus, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, C Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
First Results Of A Study Of Tev Emission From Grbs In Milagrito, J E. Mcenery, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, B L. Dingus, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, C Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Space Science Center
Milagrito, a detector sensitive to γ-rays at TeV energies, monitored the northern sky during the period February 1997 through May 1998. With a large field of view and high duty cycle, this instrument was used to perform a search for TeV counterparts to γ-ray bursts. Within the Milagrito field of view 54 γ-ray bursts at keV energies were observed by the Burst And Transient Satellite Experiment (BATSE) aboard the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. This paper describes the results of a preliminary analysis to search for TeV emission correlated with BATSE detected bursts. Milagrito detected an excess of events coincident both spatially …
Spectra Of A Recent Bright Burst Measured By Cgro-Comptel: Grb 990123, C A. Young, A Connors, K Bennett, W Collmar, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, E Kolaczyk, L Kuiper, Mark L. Mcconnell, R S. Miller, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, O R. Williams, C Winkler
Spectra Of A Recent Bright Burst Measured By Cgro-Comptel: Grb 990123, C A. Young, A Connors, K Bennett, W Collmar, W Hermsen, R M. Kippen, E Kolaczyk, L Kuiper, Mark L. Mcconnell, R S. Miller, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, O R. Williams, C Winkler
Space Science Center
CGRO-COMPTEL measures gamma-ray burst positions, time-histories and spectra in the 0.1–30 MeV energy range, in both imaging “telescope” and single detector “burst spectroscopy” mode. GRB 990123, one of the most recent bright bursts seen by COMPTEL, was caught in the optical while the gamma-ray emission was ongoing. The burst spectral shape can be characterized by a peak in ν−Fν just below 1 MeV and a power-law tail above(photon index∼−2.4,) and flattening below. There is also spectral evolution by downward movement of the peak and/or softening of the power laws. We present light-curves, time resolved spectra and an image map for …
Improved Comptel Maps Of The Milky Way, H Bloemen, K Bennett, W Collmar, R Diehl, W Hermsen, A Iyudin, J Knodlseder, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, A W. Strong
Improved Comptel Maps Of The Milky Way, H Bloemen, K Bennett, W Collmar, R Diehl, W Hermsen, A Iyudin, J Knodlseder, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, A W. Strong
Space Science Center
In the course of the mission we have gradually developed an analysis method that separates in an iterative manner the celestial emission and the (a priori unknown) instrumental background. It has become our standard analysis tool for point sources. We illustrate here that this method is widely applicable now. It provides mutually consistent sets of model-fitting parameters (spectra) and sky maps, both for continuum and line studies. Because of the wide applicability, it has been possible to make various cross-checks while building up confidence in this procedure.
Milagro: A Tev Gamma-Ray Monitor Of The Northern Hemisphere Sky, B L. Dingus, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, C Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Milagro: A Tev Gamma-Ray Monitor Of The Northern Hemisphere Sky, B L. Dingus, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, C Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Space Science Center
A new type of very high energy (> a few 100 GeV) gamma-ray observatory, Milagro, has been built with a large field of view of >1 steradian and nearly 24 hours/day operation. Milagrito, a prototype for Milagro, was operated from February 1997 to May 1998. During the summer of 1998, Milagrito was dismantled and Milagro was built. Both detectors use a 80 m×60 m×8 mpond of water in which a 3 m×3 m grid of photomultiplier tubes detects the Cherenkov light produced in the water by the relativistic particles in extensive air showers. Milagrito was smaller and had only one …
Detection Of 6 November 1997 Ground Level Event By Milagrito, A Falcone, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, B L. Dingus, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, G Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Detection Of 6 November 1997 Ground Level Event By Milagrito, A Falcone, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, B L. Dingus, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, G Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Space Science Center
Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) with energies exceeding 10 GeV associated with the 6 November 1997 solar flare/CME (coronal mass ejection) have been detected with Milagrito, a prototype of the Milagro Gamma Ray Observatory. While SEP acceleration beyond 1 GeV is well established, few data exist for protons or ions beyond 10 GeV. The Milagro observatory, a ground based water Cherenkov detector designed for observing very high energy gamma ray sources, can also be used to study the Sun. Milagrito, which operated for approximately one year in 1997/98, was sensitive to solar proton and neutron fluxes above ∼4 GeV. In its …
Results From The Milagrito Experiment, A J. Smith, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, B L. Dingus, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, G Sinnis, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Results From The Milagrito Experiment, A J. Smith, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, B L. Dingus, D E. Dorfan, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, G Sinnis, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Space Science Center
The Milagro water Cherenkov detector near Los Alamos, New Mexico is the first air shower detector capable of continuously monitoring the sky at energies between 500 GeV and 20 TeV. Preliminary results of the Milagro experiment are presented. A predecessor of the Milagro detector, Milagrito, was operational from February 1997 to May 1998. Milagrito consisted of 228 8″ photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) arranged in a grid with a 2.8 meter spacing and submerged in 1–2 meters of water. During its operation, Milagrito collected in excess of 9 billion events with a median energy of about 3 TeV. The detector’s sensitivity …
Milagro: A Tev Observatory For Gamma-Ray Bursts, B L. Dingus, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, C Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Milagro: A Tev Observatory For Gamma-Ray Bursts, B L. Dingus, R Atkins, W Benbow, D Berley, M L. Chen, D G. Coyne, R W. Ellsworth, D Evans, A Falcone, L Fleysher, R Fleysher, G Gisler, J A. Goodman, T J. Haines, C M. Hoffman, S Hugenberger, L A. Kelley, I Leonor, Mark L. Mcconnell, J F. Mccullough, J E. Mcenery, R S. Miller, A I. Mincer, M F. Morales, P Nemethy, James M. Ryan, B Shen, A Shoup, C Sinnis, A J. Smith, G W. Sullivan, O T. Tumer, K Wang, M O. Wascko, S Westerhoff, D A. Williams, T Yang, G B. Yodh
Space Science Center
Observation of prompt TeV γ-rays from GRBs requires a new type of detector to overcome the low duty factor and small field of view of current TeV observatories. Milagro is such a new type of very high energy (> a few 100 GeV) gamma-ray observatory, which has a large field of view of >1 steradian and 24 hours/day operation. Milagrito, a prototype for Milagro, was operated from February 1997 to May 1998. During the summer of 1998, Milagrito was dismantled and Milagro was built. Both detectors use a 80 m×60 m×8 m pond of water in which a 3 m×3 …
The Spectral Variability Of Cygnus X-1 At Mev Energies, Mark L. Mcconnell, K Bennett, H Bloemen, W Collmar, W Hermsen, L Kuiper, B F. Phlips, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong
The Spectral Variability Of Cygnus X-1 At Mev Energies, Mark L. Mcconnell, K Bennett, H Bloemen, W Collmar, W Hermsen, L Kuiper, B F. Phlips, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong
Space Science Center
In previous work, we have used data from the first three years of the CGRO mission to assemble a broad-band γ-ray spectrum of the galactic black hole candidate Cygnus X-1. Contemporaneous data from the COMPTEL, OSSE and BATSE experiments on CGRO were selected on the basis of the hard X-ray flux (45–140 keV) as measured by BATSE. This provided a spectrum of Cygnus X-1 in its canonical low X-ray state (as measured at energies below 10 keV), covering the energy range from 50 keV to 5 MeV. Here we report on a comparison of this spectrum to a COMPTELOSSE spectrum …