Digital Commons Network^™

Collegiate Flight Training Programs: In Search Of Cognitive Growth, Richard O. Fanjoy

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Collegiate professional pilot training programs are designed to prepare the graduate for a variety of employment opportunities within the air transportation industry. An advantage of the collegiate format is the potential to foster intellectual and ethical growth as well as professional pilot skills. Advances in flight training technology and proven methods of flight instruction serve to effectively train a diverse student pilot population who attend university flight programs and civilian flight academies. Flight training programs traditionally focus on repetitive learning structures and psychomotor skill mastery. Despite the cognitive growth structures in place on a college campus, flight students may experience …

After The "Social Meaning Turn": Implications For Research Design And Methods Of Proof In Contemporary Criminal Law Policy Analysis, Bernard E. Harcourt

Faculty Scholarship

The social norm movement in criminal justice has received a lot of attention in academic and public policy circles. This essay critically examines social norm writings and explores some of the implications for methods of proof and research design in the social sciences. In the process, the essay offers an alternative theoretical approach. This alternative focuses on the multiple ways in which the social meaning of practices (such as juvenile gun possession, gang membership, or disorderly conduct) and the social meaning of policing techniques (such as juvenile snitching policies, youth curfews, or order-maintenance policing) may shape us as contemporary subjects …

The Hî² Index As An Age Indicator Of Old Stellar Systems: The Effects Of Horizontal-Branch Stars, Hyun Chul Lee, Suk Jin Yoon, Young Wook Lee

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

The strength of the Hβ index is computed for the integrated spectra of model globular clusters from the evolutionary population synthesis. For the first time, these models take into account the detailed systematic variation of horizontal-branch (HB) morphology with age and metallicity. Our models show that the Hβ index is significantly affected by the presence of blue HB stars. Because of the contribution from blue HB stars, the Hβ does not monotonically decrease as metallicity increases at a given age. Instead, it reaches a maximum strength when the distribution of HB stars is centered around 9500 K, the temperature at …

Robust Test For Detecting Nonstationarity In Data From Gravitational Wave Detectors, Soumya Mohanty

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

It is difficult to choose detection thresholds for tests of nonstationarity that assume a priori a noise model if the data are statistically uncharacterized to begin with. This is a potentially serious problem when an automated analysis is required, as would be the case for the huge data sets that large interferometric gravitational wave detectors will produce. A solution is proposed in the form of a robust time-frequency test for detecting nonstationarity whose threshold for a specified false alarm rate is almost independent of the statistical nature of the ambient stationary noise. The efficiency of this test in detecting bursts …

Critical Adsorption On Defects In Ising Magnets And Binary Alloys, Andreas Hanke

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Long-range correlations in a magnet close to its critical point or in a binary alloy close to a continuous order-disorder transition can substantially enhance the effect of local perturbations. It is demonstrated using a position-space renormalization procedure that quasi-one-dimensional defects which break the symmetry of the order parameter have pronounced effects: They cause long-range critical adsorption profiles and give rise to new universal critical exponents, which are identified and calculated using field-theoretical methods.

Herbert Wechsler And The Criminal Law: A Brief Tribute, Harold Edgar

Faculty Scholarship

The great English architect Christopher Wren is buried in his most famous church, St. Paul's London. The inscription on his memorial stone concludes with the words: Lector, si monumentum requiris, circumspice. Reader, if you seek his monument, look around you.

That instruction serves well those who would appraise and honor Herbert Wechsler's contributions to American criminal law. When he joined the Columbia Law School faculty in 1933, this school did not teach criminal law and much of the profession thought the topic was not worth studying.' What fabulous good fortune it was that Herb thought otherwise. Throughout a long and …

The Limits Of Behavioral Theories Of Law And Social Norms, Robert E. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

The law influences the behavior of its citizens in various ways. Well understood are the direct effects of legal rules. By imposing sanctions or granting subsidies, the law either expands or contracts the horizon of opportunities within which individuals can satisfy their preferences. In this way, society can give incentives for desirable behavior. The direct effects of legal rules on individual behavior have been a fruitful source of inquiry for analysts using the techniques of law and economics. Modeling the incentive effects of legal rules provides a useful predictive tool for positive theory and normative critique. Indeed, the tools of …

The Case For Formalism In Relational Contract, Robert E. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

The distinguished scholars who gathered last year to honor Ian Macneil and to reflect on his contributions to the understanding of contract and contract law represent diverse methodologies, and they approach the vexing problems raised by relational contracts from different normative perspectives. But on one point, I daresay, they all agree: the central task in developing a plausible normative theory of contract law is to specify the appropriate role of the state in regulating incomplete contracts. Complete contracts (to the extent that they exist in the real world) are rarely, if ever, breached since by definition the payoffs for every …

Social Norms And The Legal Regulation Of Marriage, Elizabeth S. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

Americans have interesting and somewhat puzzling attitudes about the state's role in defining and enforcing family obligations. Most people view lasting marriage as an important part of their life plans and take the commitment of marriage very seriously. Yet any legal initiative designed to reinforce that commitment generates controversy and is viewed with suspicion in many quarters. For example, covenant marriage statutes, which offer couples entering marriage the option of undertaking a modest marital commitment, are seen by many observers as coercive and regressive measures rather than ameliorating reforms.

The law tends to reflect – and perhaps contributes to – …

Access To The Site Has Been Blocked!, Doug Fruehling

The Christian Librarian

I approach the topic of Internet filters as a librarian at a Christian liberal arts institution of higher education, PointLomaNazarene University (PLNU). The following should not be taken as an official statement regarding PLNU policy. No doubt Christian librarians at public libraries find they must address these issues differently from those encountered at Christian campuses.

Thoughts From A Public Librarian, June Bostwick

The Christian Librarian

I am fairly new to the Association of Christian Librarians and librarianship. This year, the 43rd conference, was my fourth ACL conference. I have been a reference librarian for about the same number of years. I felt a bit lost at my first conference. I would imagine most people do. I was just beginning to pursue my MLS and, most of my experience had been in public libraries. So, classes that focused on academic issues didn't mean too much to me. However, other conference goers helped me choose a few subjects that could be adapted to public library service and …

Variations On Some Themes Of A Disporting Gazelle And His Friend: Statutory Interpretation As Seen By Jerome Frank And Felix Frankfurter, Kent Greenawalt

Faculty Scholarship

In 1947, this Review published two lectures on statutory interpretation by Jerome Frank and Felix Frankfurter. Both jurists were concerned with a basic question: How constrained are judges when they interpret legislation? The answers each gives, while similar in some respects, differ strikingly. In arguing that interpretation necessarily involves a creative element, Frank analogizes the role of a judge in interpreting legislation to that of a performer in interpreting a musical composition. Although he argues that judicial creativity is constrained, Frank views statutory interpretation as "a kind of legislation." For Frankfurter, by contrast, in construing a statute, a judge is …

On The Socratic Maxim, Joseph Raz

Faculty Scholarship

Many years ago John Finnis and I became interested in the Socratic view that it is better to suffer wrong than to do it. My interest was triggered by Anselm Müller's lecture on the subject given at Balliol at that time. Finnis discussed the issue in his Fundamentals of Ethics, where Müller's influence on him is acknowledged. At the time John Finnis and I debated the maxim and had a lengthy correspondence about it, but we did not convince each other. Now when I return to the issue, I can no longer remember the position I then took, except …

The President And Choices Not To Enforce, Peter L. Strauss

Faculty Scholarship

The executive branch is often called upon to assess how a particular statute it is charged to administer fits within the larger framework of the law. Professor Dawn Johnsen's thoughtful analysis addresses an important subset of these challenges: situations in which the President believes a particular statute is inconsistent with one or another provision of the Constitution and, therefore, should not be enforced. My purpose here is to explore the context of executive non-enforcement more broadly, in a way that may help in understanding the particular problem she addresses.

Issues of constitutional structure and function are among the most daunting …

Capital Attrition: Error Rates In Capital Cases, 1973-1995, James S. Liebman, Jeffery Fagan, Valerie West, Jonathan Lloyd

Faculty Scholarship

Americans seem to be of two minds about the death penalty. In the last several years, the overall number of executions has risen steeply, reaching a fifty year high this year. Although two-thirds of the public support the penalty, this figure represents a sharp decline from the four-fifths of the population that endorsed the death penalty only six years ago, leaving support for capital punishment at a twenty year low. When life without parole is offered as an alternative, support for the penalty drops even more – often below a majority. Grants of executive clemency reached a twenty year high …

Street Stops And Broken Windows: Terry, Race And Disorder In New York City, Jeffery Fagan, Garth Davies

Faculty Scholarship

Patterns of "stop and frisk" activity by police across New York City neighborhoods reflect competing theories of aggressive policing. "Broken Windows" theory suggest that neighborhoods with greater concentration of physical and social disorder should evidence higher stop and frisk activity, especially for "quality of life" crimes. However, although disorder theory informs quality of life policing strategies, patterns of stop and frisk activity suggest that neighborhood characteristics such as racial composition, poverty levels, and extent of social disorganization are stronger predictors of race- and crime-specific stops. Accordingly, neighborhood "street stop" activity reflects competing assumptions and meanings of policing strategy. Furthermore, looking …

Drug Treatment Courts And Emergent Experimentalist Government, Michael C. Dorf, Charles F. Sabel

Faculty Scholarship

Despite the continuing "war on drugs," the last decade has witnessed the creation and nationwide spread of a remarkable set of institutions, drug treatment courts. In drug treatment court, a criminal defendant pleads guilty or otherwise accepts responsibility for a charged offense and accepts placement in a court-mandated program of drug treatment. The judge and court personnel closely monitor the defendant's performance in the program and the program's capacity to serve the mandated client. The federal government and national associations in turn monitor the local drug treatment courts and disseminate successful practices. The ensemble of institutions, monitoring, and pooling exemplifies …

A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Pc-Based Aviation Training Devices And Conventional Flight Training Devices For Instrument Flight Training, Wendy S. Beckman

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Since the time instrument flight became common, ground training devices have been used to teach students basic instrument flight skills. The skills which students learn in these ground trainers are then transferred to an aircraft during later stages of training. There are three types of ground training devices that are recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration for flight training purposes. The first type of device is called a "simulator," which is a device “that exactly duplicates the performance and physical aspects of a specific airplane" (Butcher, 1996). Simulators are multi-million dollar machines, which are mounted on hydraulic legs and have …

Air Traffic Control Cti Program, Cathy Schattenberg

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

In order to broaden the employment opportunities in the aviation industry for graduates and to develop a more educated work force in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Collegiate Training Initiative (CTI) program was implemented in October 1997. Thls program was tested for over five years in post-secondary educational institutes. The CTI program focuses on the graduate having a broad-based knowledge of the air traffic management system, FAA, aviation industry, and principal topics covered in many existing aviation degree programs (FAA, 1997). Graduates of the program are required to attend the FAA Academy to successfully complete the skills and equipment …

High Speed Civil Transportation, Walker L. Ross

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

This paper explores the research and development of high-speed transportation for commercial travel that is currently talang place at several research centers. The paper delves into wind'tunnel testing of the a~rframea nd development of new enpes that will power high-speed aircraft faster, quieter, and more economically than previous supersonic transports. Noise pollution and possible damage to the environment are significant hurdles to be overcome in the development of this aircraft. The paper will Qscuss the vision of high-speed travel and the challenges to achieve the dream of economic high-speed travel. Achieving these objectives make the possibility of high-speed air travel …

Pilot Education: The Beginnings, Tim Brady

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

For those of us involved with flight education, it is easy to take for granted some of the concepts that we practice daily, concepts such as a standardized flight curriculum, periodic flight checks, clearly defined flight instruction procedures, and progression from the simple to the more complex aircraft. These concepts did not simply appear full-blown, they were born, shaped, and modified via the crucible of world conflict. To find the roots of these flight education concepts, we have to look to Europe, to the early days of flight, to 1914, to what we now call World War I.

Suspected Unapproved Parts In The Aviation Industry: Consideration Of System Safety And Control, Steven J. Sletten

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

It is well known and highly touted that there is a historically high level of safety in U.S. air transportation. The American traveling public has come to expect this level of safety in the skies. Key elements in maintaining this high level of air safety are specific federal regulations, along with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) surveillance, inspection, and enforcement activities. The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations include a framework of rules governing the design, manufacture, and use of aviation products and parts. The rules are in place to assist the aviation industry in maintaining its excellent safety record, and serve …

The Development Of A Job Performance Aid Design Model For Use In Aviation, Anthony J. Adamski

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The aviation industry depends heavily on the high-reliability of its equipment and human performers. One method used to assist human performance has been the job performance aid. Traditionally job performance aids were only considered repositories for information and substitutes for training. Today, however, job performance aids have taken on a new role that includes aiding the human information process. Consequently, it was determined that an effective job performance aid design model would be beneficial to those responsible for job performance aid design. This article presents an overview of a study that incorporated principles from the fields of instructional technology and …

Towards The Zero Accident Goal: Assisting The First Officer: Monitor And Challenge Captain Errors, Eugen Tarnow

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

In this article the authority system in the airplane cockpit is related to thirty year old authority studies of Stanley Milgram. Human errors made in the cockpit are found similar to those made in the authority experiments. It is argued that up to 20% of all airplane accidents may be preventable by optimizing the monitoring and challenging of captain errors by the first officer.

Voice Recognition In Fighter Aircraft, Gary Bell, Marian C. Schultz, James T. Schultz

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

This study explored the significance of the voice type configuration used in U. S. Air Force fighter aircraft voice messaging systems. The research hypothesis stated that the voice of a person in a position of authority is more effective in commanding attention than the female voice type currently in use. Data were gathered using a questionnaire presented to U.S. Air Force aircrew members currently flying fighter aircraft. The data were analyzed using a nonparametric Chi-Square test to determine if the voice of a person in a position of authority significantly commands more attention than the female voice. The null hypothesis …

(Baby) M Is For The Many Things: Why I Start With Baby M, Carol Sanger

Faculty Scholarship

For several years now I have begun my first-year contracts course with the 1988 New Jersey Supreme Court case In the Matter of Baby M. In this essay, I want to explain why. I offer the explanation in the spirit of modest proselytizing, recognizing that many of us already have a favored method or manner into the course: some introductory questions we pose before leaping into (or over) the introductions already provided by the editors of the many excellent casebooks available. But I have found that Baby M works extremely well in ways that others may want to consider. …

Economic Reasoning And The Framing Of Contract Law: Sale Of An Asset Of Uncertain Value, Victor P. Goldberg

Faculty Scholarship

By analyzing two American contract law decisions, the paper illustrates the usefulness of economic analysis in framing the inquiry. The cases have a common feature, unrecognized by the courts: they both deal with the production and transfer of information regarding the sale of an asset of uncertain value. One involves the combination of an option and a lockup to encourage the buyer to produce information. The other involves contingent compensation to convey the seller's assurance of the quality of the assets. Once this is recognized, the outcomes are straightforward.

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering At Small X, Ian Balitsky, Elena Kuchina

Physics Faculty Publications

We calculate the cross section of deeply virtual Compton scattering at large energies and intermediate momentum transfers.

A Broken System: Error Rates In Capital Cases, 1973-1995, James S. Liebman, Jeffrey Fagan, Valerie West

Faculty Scholarship

There is a growing bipartisan consensus that flaws in America's death-penalty system have reached crisis proportions. Many fear that capital trials put people on death row who don't belong there. Others say capital appeals take too long. This report – the first statistical study ever undertaken of modern American capital appeals (4,578 of them in state capital cases between 1973 and 1995) – suggests that both claims are correct.

Capital sentences do spend a long time under judicial review. As this study documents, however, judicial review takes so long precisely because American capital sentences are so persistently and systematically fraught …

Review Of Interpreting And Negotiating Licensing Agreements By Arlene Bielefield And Lawrence Cheeseman, W. Bede Mitchell

University Libraries: Faculty Publications

This review was published in College and Research Libraries.