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2000

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Time Types And Table Manners, Marc Böhlen Jan 2000

Time Types And Table Manners, Marc Böhlen

SWITCH

No abstract provided.

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Annual Update Of Tampa Bay Chlorophyll-A Concentrations 2000, J. O.R. Johansson Jan 2000

Annual Update Of Tampa Bay Chlorophyll-A Concentrations 2000, J. O.R. Johansson

Reports

The amount of phytoplankton present in Tampa Bay waters can be estimated from measurements of the green plant pigment chlorophyll-a. Phytoplankton is one of several major forms of plants that exist in Tampa Bay and most other estuaries. Other major plant types are submerged seagrass, macro-algae and benthic micro-algae. The different plants can be viewed as being in competition with each other for required resources, such as light and nutrients. Studies conducted in urbanized estuaries have shown that excessive loading of nitrogen generally is accompanied by an increase of phytoplankton and macro-algae, including epiphytic and drift macro-algae, and by a …

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Trade In Technology Within The Free Trade Zone: The Impact Of The Wto Agreement, Nafta, And Tax Treaties On The Nafta Signatories, Catherine Brown, Christine Manolakas Jan 2000

Trade In Technology Within The Free Trade Zone: The Impact Of The Wto Agreement, Nafta, And Tax Treaties On The Nafta Signatories, Catherine Brown, Christine Manolakas

Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business

Trade in technology and related services has assumed a major role both on the world trade agenda and within the NAFTA block. The success of such cross-border trade is dependent upon three factors: protection of intellectual property,' access to foreign markets by service providers, and a minimized risk of double taxation. Each of these factors is impacted by national laws, multinational conventions, and bilateral tax treaties. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of such legislation and agreements. This article focuses on Canada, Mexico and the United States, and explores the World Trade Organization Agreement ("WTO Agreement"), the North American …

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Trends In Alfalfa Production And The Beef And Dairy Industries In Kentucky During 1989-98, Dennis Hancock, Michael Collins Jan 2000

Trends In Alfalfa Production And The Beef And Dairy Industries In Kentucky During 1989-98, Dennis Hancock, Michael Collins

Agronomy Notes

On suitable soils, alfalfa produces the highest yield of nutrients possible from a perennial forage crop. However, high production costs and restrictive soil requirements have limited the production of alfalfa in Kentucky. High producing dairy cows respond well to premium quality forage, so alfalfa is a preferred forage crop in dairy production. Thus, alfalfa production is primarily contingent on the producer’s method of marketing the crop.

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General Catalog 2000-2002, Utah State University Jan 2000

General Catalog 2000-2002, Utah State University

University Catalogs

Contains course descriptions, University college calendar, and college administration

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Children's Hospital Magazine Jan 2000

Children's Hospital Magazine

Children’s Hospital Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Children's Hospital Magazine Jan 2000

Children's Hospital Magazine

Children’s Hospital Magazine

No abstract provided.

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2000 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report Jan 2000

2000 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cow/Calf
Age of Calf at Weaning of Spring-Calving Beef Cows and the Effect on Production Economics
Supplementing Metabolizable Protein to Yearling Heifers Grazing Winter Range
Refinement of the MGA/PGF Synchronization Program for Heifers Using a 19-Day PGF Injection
Replacement Heifer Development Programs
Copper Levels and Sources in Pre- and Post-calving Diets of First-Calf Cows

Growing
Effects of Length of Grain Feeding and Backgrounding Programs on Beef Carcass Characteristics
Compensatory Growth Response and Breakeven Economics of Yearling Steers on Grass
Evaluation of the 1996 Beef Cattle NRC Model Predictions of Intake and Gain for Calves Fed Low or Medium Energy Density …

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Effects Of Increasing Rumensin Level During A Potential Acidosis Challenge, Mark Blackford, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Rob Cooper, Tony Scott, N. A. Singari, Cal Parrott Jan 2000

Effects Of Increasing Rumensin Level During A Potential Acidosis Challenge, Mark Blackford, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Rob Cooper, Tony Scott, N. A. Singari, Cal Parrott

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Nine ruminally fistulated yearling steers were used in a 9 x 2 Incomplete Latin square to evaluate benefits of an increase in dietary Rumensin level during an imposed acidosis challenge. Feeding Rumensin, at either 30 or 45g/ ton reduced acidosis on the challenge day. However, increasing the dietary Rumensin concentration to 45g/ton was required to reduce acidosis for the five days following that challenge. Feeding 45g/ton reduced ruminal pH area below 5.6 when compared to the normal level of 30g/ton during the five days following the challenge.

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Copper Levels And Sources In Pre- And Post-Calving Diets Of First-Calf Cows, Dennis R. Brink, Gene H. Deutscher, Erick Muehlenbein Jan 2000

Copper Levels And Sources In Pre- And Post-Calving Diets Of First-Calf Cows, Dennis R. Brink, Gene H. Deutscher, Erick Muehlenbein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A study replicated over two years involving 197 first-calf cows compared reproductive performance, growth and health of calves and concentration of Cu in liver, colostrum, and milk. Three treatments were evaluated: control (no Cu but Mo and Fe added to hay diet); 200 mg Cu from CuSO4; and 100 mg Cu from AvailaCu® added daily. In 1998 a fourth treatment, 400 mg AvailaZn® was included with 100 mg AvailaCu®. Supplementation of Cu and/or Zn did not improve total pregnancy rate, or growth and health of calves. In 1998 cows fed only AvailaCu® conceived 10 days earlier compared to …

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Sorting Or Topping-Off Pens Of Feedlot Cattle, Rob Cooper, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton Jan 2000

Sorting Or Topping-Off Pens Of Feedlot Cattle, Rob Cooper, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two sources of data were analyzed to determine performance differences of cattle with differing degrees of finish within a pen. One source of data was from large-pen commercial feedlots, while the other source of data was from individually fed steers at the University of Nebraska. The results indicate leaner cattle within a pen have lower quality grades and carcass weights, but are gaining faster and more efficiently than their fatter pen-mates at slaughter. Therefore, additional days on feed for the leaner cattle within a pen, in order to increase carcass weight and quality grade, may be economical.

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Phase-Feeding Metabolizable Protein For Finishing Steers, Rob Cooper, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 2000

Phase-Feeding Metabolizable Protein For Finishing Steers, Rob Cooper, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing trial was conducted to evaluate phase-feeding of metabolizable protein in order to match requirements. Treatments were: 1) one finishing diet which matched requirements at initial weight; 2) one finishing diet which matched requirements at mid-weight; and 3) six finishing diets fed in sequential order which matched requirements throughout the feeding period. The 1996 Beef NRC was used to determine metabolizable protein requirements. No performance differences were observed. Gains and efficiencies were lower than projected, likely due to mud, causing protein requirements to be over-predicted. Phase-feeding metabolizable protein maintained equal performance and reduced nitrogen excretion compared to treatment 1.

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Refinement Of The Mga/Pgf Synchronization Program For Heifers Using A 19-Day Pgf Injection, Gene H. Deutscher, Rex Davis, Dave Colburn, Doug O'Hare Jan 2000

Refinement Of The Mga/Pgf Synchronization Program For Heifers Using A 19-Day Pgf Injection, Gene H. Deutscher, Rex Davis, Dave Colburn, Doug O'Hare

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year study was conducted on 240 yearling heifers to refine the MGA/ PGF synchronization program by using a 19-day PGF injection. All heifers were fed MGA for 14 days and received PGF injection on either Day 17 or Day 19 after the MGA period. Heifers were heat detected and bred by AI using semen from one sire. The Day 19 PGF injection caused a higher (16%) percentage of heifers to cycle by 72 hours after injection, a higher (6%) percentage of heifers to cycle during the 5-day breeding period, and higher pregnancy rates in 5 days (8%) and in …

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Replacement Heifer Development Programs, Gene H. Deutscher, Andy Applegarth, Dave Colburn, Rex Davis Jan 2000

Replacement Heifer Development Programs, Gene H. Deutscher, Andy Applegarth, Dave Colburn, Rex Davis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A three-year study was conducted to evaluate heifer development programs using Sandhills resources. During the first two years, spring-born yearling heifers that grazed subirrigated meadows for 30 days in May pre-breeding had greater weight gains. However, the heifers tended to have lower (10%) pregnancy rates than the heifers on hay and range during May. Grazing meadows in May with summer-born heifers had no effect on pregnancy rates when heifers were bred in September. In comparing spring- and summer-born heifers, initial results indicate yearling and 2-year-old reproductive performance and calf weaning weights may be lower for the summer-born heifers. Additional studies …

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The Effects Of Induced Stress And Supplemental Chromium On Meat Quality Of Finishing Heifers, Dana Hanson, Chris R. Calkins, Todd Milton Jan 2000

The Effects Of Induced Stress And Supplemental Chromium On Meat Quality Of Finishing Heifers, Dana Hanson, Chris R. Calkins, Todd Milton

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Organic chromium was fed to heifers to evaluate its effect on reducing the consequence of stress. Cattle in this trial were subjected to induced stress by estrus and social interaction. The induced stress was not sufficient to cause dark cutting beef. Meat from stressed cattle tended to have lower (P = .09) redness (a*) values, lower (P = .11) shear force, and higher (P= .09) ultimate pH than non-stressed animals. The effectiveness of chromium in the prevention of dark cutting beef could not be assessed.

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Compensatory Growth Response And Breakeven Economics Of Yearling Steers On Grass, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Rob Cooper Jan 2000

Compensatory Growth Response And Breakeven Economics Of Yearling Steers On Grass, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Rob Cooper

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate compensatory growth in yearling cattle while on summer pasture, following variations of winter feed restriction. Winter gains were FAST, FAST/SLOW, SLOW/FAST, and SLOW. No summer gain differences were found among restricted cattle (FAST/SLOW, SLOW/ FAST, or SLOW); however, gains were increased on grass compared to steers on the FAST treatment. SLOW cattle compensated 17.4% during grazing. FAST steers had lower slaughter breakevens compared to SLOW (64.05 vs 66.94 $/cwt, respectively). Due to little compensation by steers on the SLOW treatment, steers on the FAST treatment had heavier slaughter weights resulting in lower slaughter breakevens.

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Effects Of Length Of Grain Feeding And Backgrounding Programs On Beef Carcass Characteristics, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rob Cooper, D. J. Jordon, Drew Shain, Todd Milton, Chris R. Calkins, Carlo Rossi Jan 2000

Effects Of Length Of Grain Feeding And Backgrounding Programs On Beef Carcass Characteristics, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rob Cooper, D. J. Jordon, Drew Shain, Todd Milton, Chris R. Calkins, Carlo Rossi

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Data from 534 cattle serially slaughtered indicate percentages of carcasses grading Choice increased 30 + 2.4 percentage units for each .1 in increase in rib fat. Marbling score increased 75 units (200 = Slight00) for each .1 in increase in fat. If cattle are fed to a common rib fat endpoint, and within the ranges of winter (.51-1.35 lb/day) and summer gains (1.26-1.85 lb/day) studied, we conclude backgrounding program has little or no effect on marbling or carcass quality grade. Also, systems that increase age of cattle will reduce tenderness, but if meat is cooked properly, risk of tough steaks …

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Metabolizable Protein Estimates Of Treated Soybean Meal Products, Ryan Mass, D. J. Jordon, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 2000

Metabolizable Protein Estimates Of Treated Soybean Meal Products, Ryan Mass, D. J. Jordon, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The metabolizable protein (MP, % of CP) concentrations of the following three treated soybean meal (SBM) products and commodity SBM were estimated: nonenzymatically browned SBM (Soy Pass®), expeller SBM (SoyPlus®), and a heated SBM:soyhull mixture (AminoPlus®). Separate lots of each product were measured in two separate trials. Commodity SBM yielded consistent MP values, while treated SBM products differed by 11- 58% in MP. Differences in MP appear to be due to differences in undegraded intake protein (UIP) concentration. The UIP concentrations of treated SBM products merits regular monitoring.

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Delayed Implant Strategies Using Synovex® Plus™ On Performance And Carcass Characteristics In Finishing Yearling Steers, Todd Milton, Rob Cooper, D. J. Jordon, Frank Prouty Jan 2000

Delayed Implant Strategies Using Synovex® Plus™ On Performance And Carcass Characteristics In Finishing Yearling Steers, Todd Milton, Rob Cooper, D. J. Jordon, Frank Prouty

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This experiment evaluated delayed single-dose Synovex Plus implant or reimplant strategies using Ralgro and Synovex Plus or Synovex S. Delaying Synovex Plus until day 35 produced similar performance and carcass characteristics as Synovex Plus initially or Ralgro initially followed by Synovex Plus on day 70. Delaying Synovex Plus until day 70 reduced gain, but efficiency was similar to other Synovex Plus strategies. Two doses of Synovex S increased marbling, but efficiency declined 4% compared with implant strategies using Synovex Plus.

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Effect Of Diafil (Diatomaceous Earth) Fed With Or Without Rumensin® And Tylan®, On Performance, Internal Parasite And Coccidiosis Control In Finishing Cattle, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 2000

Effect Of Diafil (Diatomaceous Earth) Fed With Or Without Rumensin® And Tylan®, On Performance, Internal Parasite And Coccidiosis Control In Finishing Cattle, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

One hundred seventy-nine steers were used in a 2 &#;&#;2 factorial experiment to determine if DiaFil, diatomaceous earth, enhances finishing performance. Treatments were: control; 3% DiaFil; Rumensin® and Tylan® (R/T) fed at 25 and 10 g/ton, respectively; or DiaFil + R/T (DM basis). Feeding DiaFil alone reduced daily gain compared with control and DiaFil+ R/T, while gain of steers fed R/T was intermediate. Compared with control, efficiency was reduced 8% when steers were fed DiaFilalone. Steers fed R/T or DiaFil+R/T were 9% more efficient than those fed DiaFil alone. The addition of DiaFil alone reduces …

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Effect Of Dry, Wet, Or Rehydrated Corn Bran On Performance Of Finishing Yearling Steers, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Rob Cooper, Rick Stock Jan 2000

Effect Of Dry, Wet, Or Rehydrated Corn Bran On Performance Of Finishing Yearling Steers, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, D. J. Jordon, Rob Cooper, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty steers were individually fed finishing diets to evaluate if corn bran form affects the energy value of wet corn gluten feed. Corn bran replaced 40% (DM basis) dry-rolled corn as dry (86% DM), wet (37% DM), or rehydrated (37% DM). Dry matter intake was higher for steers fed dry bran compared with other treatments. Daily gain and efficiency were 15 and 18% higher for the control diet compared with the average of corn bran diets. Gain and efficiency were similar among corn bran diets. Corn bran form has limited influence on the energy value of wet corn gluten feed.

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Sugar Beet Pulp And Corn Silage For Growing Yearling Steers, Jessica Park, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal Jan 2000

Sugar Beet Pulp And Corn Silage For Growing Yearling Steers, Jessica Park, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

British crossbred steers with an average weight of 735 lb were fed in a 92-day growing trial. Silo Guard II®, an additive containing an amylase enzyme and sulfur salts, was used to treat corn silage and beet pulp. Cattle received either untreated corn silage, treated corn silage, or treated corn silage and treated beet pulp (35% of ration DM). Average daily gains were not significantly different between treatments. Dry matter intake was lower with the diet containing beet pulp, resulting in a better feed conversion compared to the treated and untreated corn silage diets.

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Age Of Calf At Weaning Of Spring-Calving Beef Cows And The Effect On Production Economics, Richard J. Rasby, Chuck Story, Richard T. Clark, Todd Milton, Mark Dragastin Jan 2000

Age Of Calf At Weaning Of Spring-Calving Beef Cows And The Effect On Production Economics, Richard J. Rasby, Chuck Story, Richard T. Clark, Todd Milton, Mark Dragastin

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Spring-calving cows were used to evaluate effects of calf age at weaning on production economics. Weaning treatments were early (calf age 150 d, EW), traditional (calf age 210 d, NW), and late (calf age 270 d, LW). Annual cow costs were greater for LW than EW and NW groups. Replacement heifer development costs were higher for EW compared to NW and LW heifers. Net income per finished steer was greater for EW and NW steers than for LW steers. When carcass data were adjusted to the fat depth of the EW steers, net income differences among groups were reduced. Breakeven …

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Whole Or Cracked Corn In Growing Rations For Steer Calves, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt Jan 2000

Whole Or Cracked Corn In Growing Rations For Steer Calves, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred steer calves were fed growing rations that included whole or cracked corn fed in a mixed ration or fed separately and cleaned up before feeding the other ingredients in the ration. Intakes of corn fed separately were regulated to match ad libitum dry matter intakes averaging 5 pounds per day in a 120 day trial. Daily gains and feed conversions were similar for both mixed rations and cracked corn fed separately, and only slightly lower when whole corn was fed separately. Including costs for corn cracking and/or mixing resulted in similar ration costs per pound of gain.

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Protein Evaluation Of Porcine Meat And Bone Meal Products, Tony Scott, Ryan Mass, Casey Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis Jan 2000

Protein Evaluation Of Porcine Meat And Bone Meal Products, Tony Scott, Ryan Mass, Casey Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Thirteen commercially available porcine meat and bone meal products from both independent renderers and commercial packing plants were evaluated in a lamb-digestion study for the following variables: crude protein, undegradable intake protein, metabolizable protein, apparent nitrogen digestibility and true nitrogen digestibility. As a whole, the products varied widely with respect to all of the variables measured with the exception of apparent nitrogen digestibility, indicating that feeding value of commercially available meat and bone meal products also varies widely, although all of the products tested had acceptable protein digestibilities.

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Influence Of Diet On Total And Acid Resistant E. Coli And Colonic Ph, Tony Scott, Casey Wilson, Doreen Bailey, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford Jan 2000

Influence Of Diet On Total And Acid Resistant E. Coli And Colonic Ph, Tony Scott, Casey Wilson, Doreen Bailey, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Nine steers were fed finishing diets in a replicated 3x3 Latin square design to determine if dietary manipulation would alter total and acid resistant E. coli populations. Manipulating diet by limit-feeding of finishing diets did not affect total or acid-resistant E. coli populations. Altering dietary ingredients did not affect total E. coli populations; however, steers fed diets containing dry-rolled or high-moisture corn had lower acid-resistant E. coli populations. Following completion of the Latin Square, all animals were fed alfalfa hay ad libitum for five days. Switching steers to alfalfa hay lowered both total and acid-resistant E. coli populations.

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Effects Of Programmed Gain Feeding Strategies On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers, Tony Scott, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Terry L. Mader, Simone Holt Jan 2000

Effects Of Programmed Gain Feeding Strategies On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers, Tony Scott, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Terry L. Mader, Simone Holt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two hundred forty-five crossbred yearling steers were used in a randomized complete block design to determine effects of including a programmed gain phase in the feeding period on performance and carcass characteristics. Including a programmed gain phase in the finishing period resulted in similar cumulative daily gains and feed conversions when compared with steers allowed to consume feed ad libitum. Programming gain reduced the total amount of feed consumed per animal; however, the lack of an improvement in feed conversion coupled with slight numerical differences in hot carcass weights resulted in net profits favoring ad libitum feeding.

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The Effect Of V-Max® On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Cattle Fed Corn And Corn By-Product Finishing Diets, Tony Scott, Todd Milton, Bill Dicke, Pete Poppert, Larry Hollis Jan 2000

The Effect Of V-Max® On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Cattle Fed Corn And Corn By-Product Finishing Diets, Tony Scott, Todd Milton, Bill Dicke, Pete Poppert, Larry Hollis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Seven hundred sixty-two crossbred steers were used in a feedlot trial to determine the effect of V-Max® on performance, carcass characteristics, and the incidence and severity of liver abscesses. Finishing diets included either V-max® or the combination of Rumensin® and Tylan®. Performance was not different between the two treatments; however, including V-max® in the diet resulted in an increased incidence and severity of liver abscesses. Numbers of steers with small abscesses were similar between treatments; however, moderate and severe liver abscesses were increased in steers fed V-Max® compared to steers fed the combination of Rumensin® and Tylan®.

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Cleaning Coliform Bacteria From Feedlot Water Tanks, David R. Smith, Todd Milton, Rodney A. Moxley, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford, Doreen Bailey, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 2000

Cleaning Coliform Bacteria From Feedlot Water Tanks, David R. Smith, Todd Milton, Rodney A. Moxley, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford, Doreen Bailey, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three methods of physically or chemically cleaning feedlot water tanks were tested for their ability to reduce amounts of coliform bacteria in the water and biofilm during the summer months. Draining and refilling or draining, scrubbing and refilling water tanks did not reduce coliform bacteria in water or biofilm. Coliform bacteria in water and biofilm were reduced 99% and 99.9%, respectively, after draining, scrubbing and 15 minutes of chemical disinfection with chlorine bleach and refilling. However, coliforms returned to pretreatment levels 24 to 48 hours after treatment if cattle continued to drink from the tanks.

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Escape Protein Supplementation Of Yearling Steers And Summer Born Calves On Native Sandhills Range, Casey Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams Jan 2000

Escape Protein Supplementation Of Yearling Steers And Summer Born Calves On Native Sandhills Range, Casey Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of escape protein supplementation on pasture gains and subsequent finishing performance of cross-bred yearling steers and summer-born calves. Yearling steers and calves were assigned to one of two summer treatments: escape protein supplement or unsupplemented control. Escape protein supplementation improved pasture gains in supplemented steers and calves. Forage dry matter intake during summer grazing was lower for supplemented than unsupplemented steers and calves. Improved gains on range from escape protein were maintained in the feedlot by summer-born calves but not yearling steers.

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