Digital Commons Network^™

Trade And The Environment: A Political Model Of International Public Goods Problem., Qingshui Zhou

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In recent decades there has been a debate over the entwined issues of trade and the environment, and the 1990s witnessed a great rise in global environmental concerns. The purpose of the present study is to seek a cooperative solution to these concerns. Postwar environmental movement, interaction of trade and the environment, and the reconciliation issues are reviewed. Methodologies to studying these issues are categorized into (1) international trade approaches, and (2) environmental economics approaches. A political model-cost sharing game is then proposed. Specifically, environmental problems resulting from trade are treated as international public goods and the issue of optimal …

The Effects Of Teacher Clarity And Immediacy On Student Learning, Apprehension, And Effect., Joseph Lee Chesebro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study examined the effects clear and immediate teaching have on student learning, state receiver apprehension, and affect. Although teacher clarity and constructs conceptually similar to immediacy have been identified as effective teaching behaviors, few experimental studies have investigated the combined use of these behaviors. This is important because research related to clear teaching suggests that immediacy may be a necessary precursor to clear teaching and that the absence of immediacy may significantly threaten the effectiveness of clear messages. A review of this research is followed by the identification of attributes which characterize clear teachers. The results indicate that clarity, …

A Qualitative Study Of Five West Virginia K-12 Ruralnet Project Teachers Merging The Internet Into Their Instruction And How The Internet Affects Professional Practice., David A. Falvo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This qualitative study explores the day-to-day classroom work of five West Virginia K–12 RuralNet Project teachers, highlighting the drama of integrating technology into learning and showing how these teachers build and refine relationships to foster their sense of professionalism, through the use of technology. This study shows how teachers use the Internet as an instructional resource and as a tool for connecting to other people within and outside of the learning community. The participants of this study began to learn new technology skills during the summer of 1995. Today, they are integrating Internet technology into their daily teaching and planning …

Sulfur Chemistry: Structure And Reactivity Of Substituted Thioureas And Aminothiols Of Physiological Importance., Claudius Mundoma

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Complex mechanisms of oxidation of selected sulfur compounds by various oxidants are studied. Chapter 1 is an overall introduction to the field of sulfur chemistry with emphasis on chemical reaction dynamics and the biological significance of aminothiols and substituted thioureas. The rest of the dissertation can be divided into 3 parts based on the type of information obtained from the reaction systems studied. Chapters 2 gives an overview of most of the experimental methods used to come up with a reasonable answer to a given kinetics problem. Chapters 3 and 4 form the basis of the first part in which …

The Effects Of Environmental Aging On The Durability Of Glass/Epoxy Composites., Somjai Kajorncheappunngam

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRPs) are beginning to be used as structural materials in construction. However, their mechanical properties can degrade after prolonged exposure to the environment. Understanding this degradation was the focus of this research. Epoxy neat resin and glass/epoxy composite samples were soaked in four different solutions (distilled water, saturated salt solution, 5 M NaOH, and 1 M HCl solution) for 5 months. The samples were also subjected to a combination of temperature and sustained load at room temperature and at 60°C. The glass transition temperature (Tg), storage modulus, tensile strength, and strain at failure were measured. The …

May Ayim And Alev Tekinay: Writing To Raise Critical Consciousness., Jennifer Lynn Burkart

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

May Ayim and Alev Tekinay are two contemporary German writers whose works can play a significant role in transforming German feminism so that it becomes a movement concerned with ending all forms of social domination. Ayim is Afro-German, and her essays and poetry, written primarily in the 1990s, reflect the experiences of a dark-skinned woman who was raised in an almost all-white society. Alev Tekinay is Turkish-German. She attended a German Gymnasium in Turkey, came to Germany at the age of 18 to study German literature, and is now an assistant professor at the University of Augsburg. Although the life …

Measuring Fluoridated And Non-Fluoridated Sealant Fluoride Concentrations And Their Effect On Streptococcus Mutans: An In Vitro Study., Deborah Annette Bassham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Decalcification around brackets is a problem associated with plaque accumulation trapping caries producing bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacilli acidophilus. The aim of this study was to measure 1)the concentration of fluoride released from three sealants: Protection TM Plus, Maximum Cure®, TransbondTM XT, and a glass ionomer, GC Fuji II 2) fluoride release of materials recharged with topical fluoride, 3) the ability of materials to inhibit SM, and 4) the degradation of materials by SM. A significant difference was found in fluoride released over 28 days between the four groups. There was no significant difference in the fluoride …

Acoustic Signal During Hydraulic Fracturing., Jeremy Scott King

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Well performance analysis using pressure/time data are historically collected over a time span of minutes and hours. Such pressure/time performance is controlled by Darcy type fluid seepage, and used to define the formation boundaries and permeability. A different pressure transient is used to determine the acoustic characteristics of the open flow passages of a well. A pressure transient can be induced by a sudden change in flow rate. The wave travels towards the casing perforations and back to the surface. The reflected signal contains the piping and fracture acoustic signature within it. The transient signal lasts less than a minute. …

Wvu: Interactive Web-Based Distance Learning Tool., Naga Raju Bussa

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Learning is a process of integrating the new and unfamiliar with the complex, pre-existing structure of knowledge that exists within an individual’s mind. Education, which takes place while the educator and learner are separated by time, distance, or both, is defined as Distance Education. The demand for educational software is growing exponentially with the surge of interest in educational reform, the Internet and Distance Education. The use of Internet and specifically the World Wide Web (Web) as a media for distance education is an evolving solution to the problem of increasing numbers of students in the University setting. To meet …

A Biological Comparison Of Discula Destructiva Isolates From Four Geographic Areas., Patricia Gwen Gundrum

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A series of biological tests were conducted to ascertain whether differences among isolates of the dogwood anthracnose fungus (Discula destructiva ) could be measured. Discula destructiva isolates were recovered from forty symptomatic eastern flowering dogwood trees growing at four locations in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Before sampling, each tree was rated for percent foliage infected. Symptomatic leaf and twigs were collected in the summer of 1994 and D. destructiva was isolated from each leaf and twig sample. Isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Subcultures onto the same medium were made in order to evaluate growth and colony …

Evaluation Of Biocidal Polymers For The Treatment Of Domestic Water Supplies: Application Of Polymers To The Surface Of Carrier Particles., Robert Matthew Taylor

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The performance of N-Halamine polymers in eliminating bacteria from water streams was studied in this research. Numerous experiments were performed to determine the efficacy of both pure N-Halamine polymer and polymer coated on carrier particles to remove Escherichia coli from water streams. The results for this research were inconclusive for a number of reasons. First, the polymer used in this research was not active. It lacked the correct chemical structure to kill bacteria effectively. Additionally, when active polymer was received, insufficient quantities were available to produce viable coated carrier particles. The ability to regenerate the polymer using bleach solutions could …

The Perceptions Of Administrators And Teachers Regarding The Features Of Alternative Schools In Georgia, Leslie Mcaffee

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations (1964–2006)

The purpose of the study was to determine the perceptions of administrators and teachers at alternative schools in Georgia of the importance of identified key program features of these schools by comparison with the existence of these features at their own schools. All administrators and teachers at all 117 alternative schools in Georgia that serve disruptive students were mailed surveys for this study. Fifty-six percent of the schools returned completed surveys. Teachers and administrators were asked to rate the importance of 40 features of alternative schools and the existence of these features in their respective alternative schools. Each feature belonged …

Edward Dale Hardy, Ii, V. Utah Bd. Of Pardons & Parole; Scott Carver, Warden, Utah State Prison; Linda Clarke, Warden, California Training Facility : Brief Of Appellee, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006)

HARDY APPEALS FROM THE TRIAL COURT'S DENIAL OF HIS REQUEST FOR EXTRAORDINARY RELIEF AND DISMISSAL OF HIS PETITION AGAINST THE PAROLE RELEASE DECISION OF THE UTAH BOARD OF PARDONS AND PAROLE, BEFORE THE HONORABLE TIMOTHY R. HANSON, THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT

Crelley Mackey V. Chris Cannon, Individually, The Office Of Congressman Chris Cannon, Chris Cannon For Congress, Inc., Cannon Industries, Inc., The Ci Group And Cannon Engineering Technologies, Inc. : Reply Brief, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006)

CASENO.990123-CA ARGUMENT PRIORITY CLASSIFICATION 15 REPLY BRIEF OF THE APPELLANT Appeal from a Motion to Dismiss Granted by the Third District Court, Salt Lake Department, State of Utah Honorable Homer Wilkinson

Crelley Mackey V. Chris Cannon, Individually, Office Of Congressman Chris Cannon; Chris Cannon For Congress Inc.; Ci Group; Cannon Industries, Inc., And Cannon Engineering Technologies, Inc. : Petition For Rehearing, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006)

PETITION FOR REHEARING Court of Appeals No. 990123-CA Priority Category No. 15 APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT OF THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF SALT LAKE COUNTY, STATE OF UTAH, JUDGE HOMER F. WILKINSON

Crelley Mackey V. Chris Cannon, Individually, The Office Of Congressman Chris Cannon, Chris Cannon For Congress, Inc., Cannon Industries, Inc., The Ci Group, And Cannon Engineering Technologies, Inc. : Brief Of Appellee, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006)

Brief of Appellees
Appeal from a Motion to Dismiss Granted by the Third Judicial District Court, Salt Lake Department, State of Utah Honorable Homer F. Wilkinson
Case No. 990123-CA
Oral Argument Priority No. 15

Sole Source Media, Inc. V. Prologic, Brad Stewart V. Donald Junowich, William Morris, Kevin Stitt : Reply Brief, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006)

Appeal From Orders and Judgment of the Third Judicial District Court, In and For Salt Lake County, State of Utah, The Honorable William W. Barrett Presiding.

Privately Legislated Intellectual Property Rights: Reconciling Freedom Of Contract With Public Good Uses Of Information, J.H. Reichman, Jonathan A. Franklin

Librarians' Articles

In an age of omnipresent clickwrap licenses, we acknowledge the need for a uniform set of default rules that would validate non-negotiable licenses as a mechanism for minimizing transaction costs likely to hinder economic development in a networked environment. However, we contend that any model of contract formation not driven by the traditional norms of mutual assent requires specially formulated doctrinal tools to avoid undermining long-established public good uses of information for such purposes as education and research, technical innovation, free speech, and the preservation of free competition.

With the convergence of digital and telecommunications technologies, creators and innovators who …

Commercial Law: Determining Repugnancy In An Electronic Age: Excluded Transactions Under Electronic Writing And Signature Legislation, Christopher B. Woods

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Federal Indian Law: Tribal Sovereign Immunity: Why Oklahoma Businesses Should Revamp Legal Relationships With Indian Tribes After Kiowa Tribe V. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc., David B. Jordan

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Commercial Law: Determining Repugnancy In An Electronic Age: Excluded Transactions Under Electronic Writing And Signature Legislation, Christopher B. Woods

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Another Look At Evolving Standards: Will Decency Prevail Against Executing The Mentally Retarded?, Bryan Lester Dupler

Oklahoma Law Review

No abstract provided.

Is Nafta Up To Its Green Expectations? Effective Law Enforcement Under The North American Agreement On Environmental Cooperation, Beatriz Bugeda

University of Richmond Law Review

On January 1, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the governments of Mexico, Canada and the United States went into effect. Together with this trade agreement, the governments of the three countries entered into a side agreement on the environment: the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC). This agreement, also known as the Environmental Side Agreement, responded to some of the concerns of NAFTA critics. Some environmentalists believed NAFTA would promote environmentally insensitive and uncontrolled growth, and others thought the liberalization of trade would be used as a means to preempt stringent domestic environmental regulations.

Annual Survey Of Virginia Law: Damages For Medical Malpractice In Virginia, Michael L. Goodman, Kathryn Freeman-Jones, Kathleen M. Mccauley

University of Richmond Law Review

As a general rule, a plaintiff in actions for personal injury and wrongful death in Virginia, regardless ofwhether the cause derives from medical malpractice, may state a claim for any medical expenses incurred as a result of the alleged injury or death. By definition, an expense is incurred when it has been paid or one "become[s] legally obligated to pay it." A tortfeasor is bound and obligated to make the plaintiff whole, which means the injured party or his estate must be reasonably compensated for the fair and reasonable value of incurred medical expenses.

Privacy And Celebrity: An Essay On The Nationalization Of Intimacy, Robert F. Nagel

University of Richmond Law Review

I start from the rather obvious proposition that in recent years the American public has placed a high value on the right of privacy. This general commitment to privacy was what kept Robert Bork, despite his qualifications, off the Supreme Court, and more recently it was what kept William Clinton, despite his behavior, in the White House. Bork's nomination was a threat to the constitutional right to use contraceptives and to choose abortion, while the impeachment charges against Clinton were a threat to the moral distinction between public political life and private sexual behavior. The power that the idea of …

Sole Source Media, Inc. V. Prologic : Brief Of Appellee, Utah Court Of Appeals

Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (1996–2006)

Appeal From Orders and Judgment of the Third Judicial District Court, In and For Salt Lake County, State of Utah, The Honorable William W. Barrett Presiding

Environmental Impact Assessment Laws In The Nineties: Can The United States And Mexico Learn From Each Other?, Heather N. Stevenson

University of Richmond Law Review

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) was the first major environmental law in the United States. The statute "was devised to establish a comprehensive national policy which would ... guid[e] federal activity and provid[e] for a coordinated, informed approach toward dealing with environmental problems." Since NEPA's enactment, agencies have been "required to prepare environmental analyses, with input from the state and local governments, Indian tribes, the public, and other federal agencies, when considering a proposal for a major federal action." Although most of the environmental impact assessment law in the world is modeled on NEPA and the impact …

Q-Calculus And Irreversible Dynamics On A Hierarchical Lattice, Ayşe Erzan, Ayşe Gorbon

Turkish Journal of Physics

On a lattice with equal spacing on the logarithmic scale, a momentum operator that respects the asymmetry of this nonlinear lattice yields a kinetics that can be understood in terms of diffusion on an underlying ultrametric space, if one also identifies the cannonical commutator with the time dilation operator. The motion to which this non-conventional kinetics corresponds is irreversible, with an explicit violation of time reversal symmetry resulting from the spreading with time of a probability distribution over a larger and larger volume of the phase space.

Statistical Physics, Neural Networks, Brain Studies, Gerard Toulouse

Turkish Journal of Physics

An overview of some aspects of a vast domain, located at the crossroads of physics, biology and computer science is presented: 1) During the last fifteen years, physicists advancing along various pathways have come into contact with biology (computational neurosciences) and engineering (formal neural nets). 2) This move may actually be viewed as one component in a larger picture. A prominent trend of recent years, observable over many countries, has been the establishment of interdisciplinary centers devoted to the study of: cognitive sciences; natural and artificial intelligence; brain, mind and behaviour; perception and action; learning and memory; robotics; man-machine communication, …

Diverging Strains Near Threshold: Breakdown Of The Elastic Description Of A Charge Density Wave Model, Muhittin Mungan, Susan N. Coppersmith, Valeri M. Vinokur

Turkish Journal of Physics

We analyze the strains near threshold in 1-d charge density wave models at zero temperature and strong pinning. We show that in these models local strains diverge near the depinning threshold and characterize the scaling behavior of the phenomenon. This helps quantify when the underlying elastic description breaks down and plastic effects have to be included.