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A Feminist Approach To Social Scientific Evidence: Foundations, Andrew E. Taslitz

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

This Article addresses several aspects of a feminist approach to social scientific evidence, specifically, the interpretive nature of mental states, the feminist attitude toward juries, and the political nature of evidence law.

Assesing The Family And Medical Leave Act In Terms Of Gender Equality, Work/Family Balance, And The Needs Of Children, Angie K. Young

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

While recognizing that parental leave is only one aspect of the FMLA, this Article concentrates on the provision allowing leave to parents in order to care for their children. Before analyzing the FMLA in detail, it is helpful to explore what aims a parental-leave policy should have. The purpose of this Article is to propose and defend three goals that parental-leave legislation should strive to meet: equality of career opportunities for men and women, the right to participate in both work and family, and meeting the needs of children. After articulating what parental-leave legislation should aim for in theory, this …

Upstream Patents = Downstream Bottlenecks, Michael A. Heller, Rebecca S. Eisenberg

Law Quadrangle (formerly Law Quad Notes)

The following text is excerpted from "Can Patents Deter Innovation? The Anticommons in Biomedical Research" and is reprinted with permission from 280 Science 698-701 (May 1998). © 1998 American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Thirty years ago in Science, Garrett Hardin introduced the metaphor "tragedy of the commons" to help explain overpopulation, air pollution, and species extinction. People often overuse resources they own in common because they have no incentive to conserve. Today, Hardin's metaphor is central to debates in economics, law, and science and powerful justification for privatizing commons property. While the metaphor highlights the cost of overuse …

A Study Of The Relationship Between Viability, Culturability And Virulence In Environmental Populations Of Legionella Pneumophila, Ann M. Bobryk Schmidt

Wayne State University Dissertations

Many researchers have observed that bacteria can enter into a viable but nonculturable state. In order to study this phenomenon in Legionella pneumophila, a model hot water system was constructed to serve as a source of planktonic and biofilm cells. Both planktonic and biofilm L. pneumophila existed primarily as nonculturable cells. A portion of these nonculturable cells were shown to be viable using the tetrazolium salt, INT, which is an indicator of respiratory activity. The nonLegionella bacteria which coexisted with L. pneumophila in the water system had no effect on its culturability. Inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs indicated that a …

Mutational Analysis Of The Tobacco Etch Potyvirus Cylindrical Inclusion Protein, Mary Evelyn Browning-Kelley

Wayne State University Dissertations

The CI protein of tobacco etch potyvirus is known to be an NTPase as well as a putative RNA helicase. In a previous study, the CI gene and three mutants were constructed and expressed in the E. coli expression vector pET 11a. In this study the TEV CI gene was cloned into E. coli expression vector pET 15b and five other mutants were constructed. These constructs in pET 15b, along with the pET 11a constructs, were sequenced to verify the mutations made and the reading fram of the protein. The pET 15b constructs were expressed and assayed for ATPase, ATP …

The World Would Do Better To Ask Why Is Frimbo Sherlock Holmes?: Investigating Liminality In Rudolph Fisher's The Conjure-Man Dies, Adrienne Gosselin

English Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Intraspecific Heterochrony And Life History Evolution: Decoupling Somatic And Sexual Development In A Facultatively Paedomorphic Salamander, Travis J. Ryan, Raymond D. Semlitsch

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Morphological features such as size and shape are the most common focus in studies of heterochronic change. Frequently, these easily observed and measured features are treated as a major target of selection, potentially ignoring traits more closely related to fitness. We question the primacy of morphological data in studies of heterochrony, and instead suggest that principal sources of fitness, such as life history characteristics, are not only the chief targets of selection, but changes in them may necessitate changes in other (subordinate) elements of the organism. We use an experimental approach to investigate the timing of metamorphosis and maturation in …

An Architecture For Emotion, T. Mccauley, S. Franklin

CCRG Papers

No abstract provided.

Reproductive Ecology Of Canada Mayflower (Maianthemum Canadense Desf), Michael Todd Ganger

Doctoral Dissertations

Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense var. canadense Desf.), a rhizomatous perennial herb, was the subject of field experiments investigating the role of several factors on the sexual reproduction of ramets. Mayflower ramets may be either flowering (with 2-3 leaves and a terminal inflorescence consisting of 4-35 perfect flowers) or vegetative (1 leaf).

Pollen addition increased the number of seeds matured by ramets in three out of four years in which pollen level was experimentally manipulated. The lack of compatible pollen is thought to be a major factor limiting seed maturation by ramets.

The act of severing the rhizomes, such that ramets …

Alternative Removal Methodologies For Environmental Waters, Shannon Patrick Hogan

Doctoral Dissertations

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) continues to establish criteria for the reduction of pathogens in environmental waters used for drinking water. The EPA also states criteria on the amount of chlorine by-products allowed in drinking water. Alternative removal methods that are used in conjunction with chlorine are needed to assure safe drinking water.

The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) states that a 99.99% reduction of viruses and a 99.9% reduction in Giardia lamblia cysts needs to be achieved by a treatment facility that uses surface water for the production of drinking water. The SWTR also states Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) …

Population Structure And Phylogenetic History Of The Lake Malawi Cichlid Species Flock, Jeffrey Alan Markert

Doctoral Dissertations

The cichlid species "flocks" which are endemic to the East African Rift Valley are characterized by frequent lineage splitting events which have led to the rapid evolution of high levels of taxonomic diversity. Changes in water level cause these habitat patches to be chronically unstable, hypothetically speeding the process of genetic differentiation through the combined effects of genetic drift and selection. Allele frequencies at four simple sequence repeat loci indicate low levels of gene flow in two rock dwelling fish species, Melanochromis auratus and Labeotropheus fuelleborni, collected from the Nankumba Peninsula in southern Lake Malawi. Small interruptions in habitat cause …

"The Tawnee Family": The Life Course Of Indian Value Adaptation For Eleazar Wheelock's Indian Scholars, Stacy Lynn S Hogsett

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation is a study of value adaptation by the southern New England Indians who attended Moor's Charity School, in Lebanon, Connecticut, between 1743 and 1770. These Indians were part of New Light Minister Eleazar Wheelock's extended household, dubbed by one student, the "tawnee family." This designation distinguished these Indian scholars as surrogate members of the Wheelock family. I analyzed how the Indian students adapted to, resisted and reformed the values taught at Moor's as they grew to adulthood.

I drew my analysis from letters collected in the Eleazar Wheelock Papers housed at Dartmouth College. My arguments are drawn principally …

Influences On Teachers' Curricular Choices In Project-Based Science Classrooms, Karen Anne Laba

Doctoral Dissertations

This descriptive research will present two case studies of experienced science teachers using project-based curricula in all or part of their secondary life science/biology courses. The purpose of this study is to reveal the underlying relationships between teachers' conceptions of the nature of science, their understanding of their role as science teachers and their expectations for appropriate and worthwhile student learning, and to describe the influence of these factors on their curricular choices within the project-based framework. Using a modification of Hewson, Kerby and Cook's (1995) Conceptions of Teaching Science protocol as a model, teachers' beliefs and intentions are classified …

Factors That Influence The Decision Regarding Hormone Replacement Therapy In Postmenopausal Women, Ruth A Rogers Reilly

Doctoral Dissertations

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the United States today. Prior to menopause women have lower rates of heart disease than men; however, after menopause a woman's risk for heart disease rises dramatically. This is thought to be due the ovaries' decreased production of estradiol, but the mechanisms for this effect have not been fully elucidated. The need exists to investigate the impact of healthy lifestyles on attenuating the risk of cardiovascular disease in women as they age.

The majority of research on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has focused on the biomedical model suggesting that …

Reconceptualizing Early Childhood Preservice Teacher Education: A Pedagogy Of Collaborative Inquiry, Mary Jane Moran

Doctoral Dissertations

This study describes changes in thinking and practice among 24 early childhood preservice teachers as they move away from a reliance on traditional interpretations of child-centered curricula and developmentally appropriate practices toward one of collaborative inquiry. Participants enrolled in a 15 week undergraduate teaching methods course were assigned to teaching teams to implement collaborative projects with the same group of three to five year-old children.

Traditionally, early childhood teacher education has been influenced by developmental theory which emphasizes processes of children's learning. And yet, teachers typically learn to teach from a transmission orientation with perspectives provided by experts rather than …

Bioavailability Of Nutrients And Metals Following Land Application Of Organic Wastes, Jianqiang Zhao

Doctoral Dissertations

Field, greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the effects of soil-incorporated organic wastes on nitrogen release patterns, groundwater nitrate-nitrogen levels, nutrient/metal uptake, and plant yield.

Three field studies with corn (Zea mays L.) were conducted during 1993 to 1997 at three locations in New Hampshire using a randomized complete block design with three or four replications, two or three waste materials as main plots, and various application rates as subplots. Compared to dairy manure, Concord biosolids showed a slower release rate measured as soil NO$\sb3$-N concentrations in early season but higher post-harvest levels of soil NO$\sb3$-N.

Groundwater NO$\sb3$-N …

Issues Of Engendered Entitlement: Who Owns The Classroom? Who Owns Knowledge?, Dorothy Radius Kasik

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation examines the ways in which first year female college students have been prepared by educational systems in our culture to handle knowledge and the acquisition of knowledge during the first year of college experience. It is the contention of the author that women are not actively encouraged in our culture to take ownership of educational concepts in the same way as men. This happens for two reasons, first that because women's methods of interaction in the classroom might differ from men's those methods might not be perceived as acceptable or taken seriously; and second that a woman's discomfort …

Examining Student Conceptions Of The Nature Of Science From Two Project-Based Classrooms, David M. Moss

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to develop descriptive accounts of precollege students' conceptions of the nature of science from two project-based classrooms, and track those conceptions over the course of an academic year. A model of the nature of science was developed and served as the criterion by which students' beliefs were evaluated. The model distinguishes between two major categories of science, the nature of the scientific enterprise and the nature of scientific knowledge. Five students were selected from each class and interviewed individually for 30-45 minutes each, six times over the year. Data from semi-structured, formal interviewing consisted …

Dynamics Of Dissolved Organic Carbon During Weathering And Soil Formation, Kimberly Linnea Mccracken

Doctoral Dissertations

Interactions between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and mineral soils were examined in field and laboratory experiments. Specific emphasis was given to factors influencing DOC mobility and element release during mineral weathering and soil formation. Soil chemical and physical properties controlling equilibrium concentrations of DOC (DOC$\rm\sb{np})$ in coarse-textured forest soils were investigated using laboratory batch reactors and the initial mass isotherm approach. The influence of DOC concentration on release of metals and silica was investigated in four soil parent materials. One of four acid treatments (0.001 N HNO$\sb3$ and three concentrations of forest floor leachate) or distilled water were added to …

Measuring And Modeling Northeastern Forest Ecosystem Response To Environmental Stresses, Jennifer Caroline Jenkins

Doctoral Dissertations

Because forest responses to CO$\sb2$ fertilization and associated climate change are likely to be extremely complex, numerical models representing forest response to an integrated set of future conditions can be useful predictive tools. I compared predictions of forest net primary productivity (NPP) made by two ecosystem process models (PnET-II and TEM 4.0) using different climate scenarios, spatial resolutions, and methods of representing land cover and soils. Decreasing spatial resolution did not appreciably change NPP estimates. Input datasets, particularly climate, land cover, and soil water holding capacity, were important sources of variability in NPP estimates. These datasets interacted with model structures …

Attachment Of Listeria Monocytogenes To Murine And Human Phagocytic Cells, Srinivas Maganti

Doctoral Dissertations

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for meningoencephalitis, septicemia, and abortion in susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. Subsequent to colonization and penetration of the gut epithelium, the organism attaches to resident macrophages and replicates intracellularly, thus evading the humoral immune system of the infected host. The mechanism surrounding the precise interactions between L. monocytogenes and macrophages employs bacterial ligands and macrophage receptors which are highly complex and not well understood. The focus of the present study was to investigate the attachment of the organism to murine and human macrophages under opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent conditions to better understand the pathobiology …

Non-Major Histocompatibility (B) Complex Effects On Rous Sarcomas And V-Src-Induced Tumors, Keith Thomas Lepage

Doctoral Dissertations

Rous sarcoma virus and v-src-induced tumor outcome is controlled by the major histocompatibility (B) complex. While data have suggested non-MHC effects, few studies have focused on systems other than the B complex. Experiment one matings produced $B\sp2B\sp5$ and $B\sp5B\sp5$ progeny which segregated for alleles of 7 additional blood groups (A, C, D, H, I, L, P) and the Rfp-Y system. Experiment one survivors produced Experiment two progeny. The $B\sp5B\sp5$ parents for Experiment three combined different background genes with a tumor progressor B haplotype using the F$\sb2$ generation of a cross between Line SC ($B\sp2B\sp2$) and Line 6.15-5 ($B\sp5B\sp5$).

The Bryan …

Controls On Ch(4) Emissions From Boreal And Arctic Wetlands, Sadredin Cyrus Moosavi

Doctoral Dissertations

This thesis examines the environmental controls on the biogeochemical cycling of the radiatively active trace gas CH$\sb4$ within boreal and arctic wetlands. Net CH$\sb4$ flux along peatland hydrologic gradients were examined to determine the effects of temperature and water table on CH$\sb4$ emissions. The level of the water table acts as a switch between CH$\sb4$ production and oxidation with small water level changes producing large changes in flux balance. Soil temperature determined whether CH$\sb4$ production potential was realized within sufficiently moist environments. A selective inhibitor technique was developed for directly measuring CH$\sb4$ oxidation in wetland soils. CH$\sb4$ oxidation was found …

Turning To Earth: Paths To An Ecological Practice, Florence Marina Schauffler

Doctoral Dissertations

In highly developed countries like the United States, conventional approaches to environmental change emphasize systemic measures such as policies and regulations. Yet many intractable environmental problems appear to be rooted in the perspectives and practices of individual citizens. Efforts to restore 'outer ecology' may depend, therefore, on transforming 'inner ecology'--the constellation of spiritual and moral values that guide action. This dissertation examines the inner dimensions of ecological change, demonstrating how individuals redefine their relation to earth through a process of 'ecological conversion.'.

In assessing the dynamics of conversion, this work relies primarily on the testimony of six 20th-century American writers: …

The Sexual Harassment Paradox In Graduate School: Experiences And Answers, Kimberly Ann Smirles

Doctoral Dissertations

Sexual harassment is a pervasive problem in higher education (Truax, 1996). Graduate students occupy a unique power position in academia as both students and teachers. As such, they are potentially victims and perpetrators of sexual harassment. The purpose of the current research was to (a) understand the dynamics of sexual harassment by examining the experiences and perceptions of graduate students and (b) assess whether a commonly utilized education program was effective in raising awareness and changing the attitudes of graduate students. Graduate students from both the University of New Hampshire (Study 1) and around the country (Study 2) were asked …

Eelgrass (Zostera Marina L) As A Sentinel Accumulator Of Lead In Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire - Maine, Heidi Morrill Hoven

Doctoral Dissertations

The potential of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., as a sentinel indicator of lead (Pb) pollution in the water column was investigated. Eelgrass was grown in mesocosms that contained ambient sediment collected from sites near the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Jamaica Island Landfill (JIL) of Kittery, Maine, to test viability of eelgrass in the Shipyard's marine sediment. Eelgrass was also grown in mesocosms at three shoot densities in marine sediment of three Pb concentrations to determine to what extent Pb affects eelgrass growth and whether Pb uptake by eelgrass is affected by plant density. Additionally, eelgrass was used to detect water-borne sources …

Sensors Forph Based On Swelling And Reflectivity Of Derivatized Polystyrene Beads And Membranes, Li Zhang

Doctoral Dissertations

Kraton-modified amine-derivatized poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) beads prepared by suspension polymerization are sensitive to pH. They swell in acid due to protonation of amine groups and shrink in base. Polymer swelling generates a measurable swelling signal that is related to the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. The sensor responded to pH in the range from 6.0 to 10.0. Bead size, level of porogenic solvents and Kraton G1652 affected the magnitude of sensor response and response time.

Diethanolamine derivatized poly(VBC) membranes formulated with a small amount of Kraton G1652 reflect light. At low pH membranes turn clear. The observed optical change is …

The Role Of Shame In Writing: How Lived Experience Affects The Writing Process, Carol Kountz

Doctoral Dissertations

Writing fluently without disabling apprehension requires an ability to control ideas despite the occurrence of censoring thoughts or shameful sensations. Such ability is characteristically lacking in apprehensive or blocking writers, who, therefore, have difficulty in composing. To understand the psychological and social factors that impede the writing process, and to give writers and compositionists insight into the features of writing that result in "writer's block," I held conversational interviews with twenty-four people who designate themselves as apprehensive writers about their literacy experiences and writing behavior. Analysis of these interviews shows that these people, in anticipation of a real or inward, …

Single Gender Marriage: A Religious Perspective, Raymond C. O'Brien

Scholarly Articles

This Article will offer a religious perspective which is a response to the legal arguments in favor of single-gender marriage. Three arguments will be made: first, that the religious perspective identified and associated with the Roman Catholic tradition offers a fundamental basis for family life that has been proven to be beneficial to society as a whole, and to the message of revelation consigned to Christians by Jesus Christ; second, inasmuch as the religious perspective is being contradicted by judicial interpretation rather than through legislative process, a tyranny of judicial activism has and is subverting a public policy consensus; and …

Introduction, Edward L. Schneider, Roy L. Taylor

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

No abstract provided.