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Chemical Composition Of Selected Local Ornamental Plants, James Bobson Sama Swaray

Theses (Pre-2016)

Camaric acid (3,25-epoxy-3a-hydroxy-22�(2-methyl-2z-butenoyloxy)-12-0Ieanen-28- oic acid), camarinic acid (22�-acetoxy-3,25-epoxy-3a-hydroxy-12-ursen-12-en-28-oic acid), lantic acid (3�,25-epoxy-3a-hydroxyrus-12-en-28-oic acid), and lantanilic acid (22�­ dimethylacryloyloxy-3�,25-epoxy-3a-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid) have been isolated by guided HPLC fractionation ofdichloromathane:methanol (1: 1) extract of Lantana camara obtained from the Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Texas Southern University. The structures of the various compounds were confirmed through spectral methods: UV, IR, MS and IH_NMR and by comparison of their data with the published values. The purpose of this study is to report the chemical composition and structures of the local ornamental plants (Lantana camara).

Toward Reversing Pastoral Burnout Through A Program To Restore Balanced Living, Steven Anton Gerig

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Chemically Mediated Foraging Preference Of Black Bears ( Ursus Americanus), Bruce A. Kimball, Dale L. Nolte, Richard M. Engeman, John J. Johnston, Frank R. Stermitz

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The role of chemical constituents in the foraging behavior of black bears (Ursus americanus) was investigated using two field studies. Vascular tissue samples were collected from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees recently foraged by black bears. Samples were extracted and analyzed by liquid and gas chromatography to determine carbohydrates and terpenes, respectively. Chemical data were subjected to correlation analyses and multiple regression to examine if they adequately describe observed foraging preferences. Free-ranging black bears also were offered a choice of four test diets that differed in content of carbohydrates and terpenes. Results indicated that forage preferences were …

Pet Attachment And Health Status In Urban And Rural Families, Julia K. Senchuck

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Why Long-Term Marriages Last: A Review, Paula Gabell

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Marriage is a social institution experienced by most adults at least once in their life-time. Like any other type of institution marriage has its own set of norms and roles that are culturally specific to the area where it is being practiced. Marriage has existed in some form in almost every culture throughout time. There are four major types of marriages practiced in the world today. They are polygynous (one husband and many wives), polyandrous (one wife and several husbands), multilateral (several people of both sexes existing as a part of one marriage) and monogamous (two partners usually one male …

A Comparison Of Selected Measures Of Academic Performance And Student Behavior At Bryan Senior High School Before And After Implementation Of Block Scheduling, Margaret M. Naylon

Student Work

This study examines the effects of a restructuring effort: the implementation of block scheduling in an Urban Nebraska public high school. Scheduling is a valuable resource for school improvement. Scheduling is frequently overlooked, even though it is more often the structure of an organization than the inadequacies of the people who work within it that cause the problem (Bogdan, 1992). Despite research findings which indicate the traditional schedule may not be the most effective, most American schools are organized in the same pattern as they have been for the past seventy years (Carroll, 1990). Block scheduling is a relatively new …

Protein-Based Diets: Fact Or Fiction?, Melanie Douglass

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Protein-based diets are once again popular among the those vulnerable to quick weight loss schemes. Advocates for these diets claim quick, permanent weight loss, disease prevention, improved physical performance, and even enhanced mental productivity. It is claimed that a diet high in carbohydrate contributes to hyperinsulinemia, fat storage, and "bad" eicosanoid production among other things. However, the detrimental effect of a low carbohydrate, high protein diet is rarely discussed. Subjects who follow protein-based diets are prone to a state of ketosis, which causes them to lose an unhealthy amount of nutrients and water. In general the protein-based diets are a …

The First Principle Of Life : Thomistic Dualism And Current Issues In The Mind-Body Debate, David Alan Reed

ATS Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Being Alone: The Experience Of Elderly Homebound Females, Sharon Davis Burt Dnsc, Msn, Rn

Dissertations

Elderly women comprise one of the fastest growing segments of the population in the United States. This growth is due in large part to increasing longevity, and a woman's life expectancy has now reached 79 years. However, along with those added years comes an increase in morbidity and a greater likelihood of living alone. This study describes the life experience of a specific group of elderly women, those who are homebound and living alone. When elderly women are included in research, the same combination of descriptors used for the participants in this study has not been incorporated. Consequently, while much …

Parental And Teacher Priorities For Children's Requisite Kindergarten Entry Skills, Kelly J. O'Claire-Esparza

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study examined mothers', fathers ', preschool teachers', and kindergarten teachers' opinions regarding children's requisite kindergarten entry skills. Participants were 101 preschool teachers from eight counties in northern Utah, as well as 113 kindergarten teachers and 286 parents of kindergartners from five school districts in northern Utah. Questionnaires were administered to assess opinions regarding (a) the preschool teachers' role in preparing children for kindergarten, (b) the parental role in preparing children for kindergarten, (c) priorities for requisite kindergarten entry skills, (d) the importance of specific skills emphasized in preschool, and (e) the importance of specific skills emphasized in kindergarten.

Findings …

Refeeding Syndrome, Christina H. Sperry

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Refeeding syndrome is a syndrome of electrolyte abnormalities, which occurs in patients who are fed orally, enterally, or parenterally (1). Patients at high risk of getting refeeding syndrome include people with chronic malnutrition-underfeeding, classic kwashiorkor, classic marasmus, anorexia nervosa, chronic alcoholism, morbid obesity with massive weight loss, patients unfed in 7-10 days with evidence of stress and depletion, patients with prolonged fasting, and patients with prolonged intravenous hydration (1,2). Characteristics or complications of refeeding syndrome include congestive heart failure, hypercapnia, hyperglycemia, rebound hypoglycemia, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. Prevention is the key in refeeding syndrome and it can be done …

Vegetarianism, Kimberly A. Folkman

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Although vegetarian eating has been around throughout recorded history, in recent years, interest in this eating style has gone up dramatically. As the number of individuals adopting vegetarian dietary practices increases, healthcare professionals are called upon to provide guidance and advice. It is the position of The American Dietetic Association that appropriately planned vegetarian diets are healthful, are nutritionally adequate, and provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Both vegetarian and nonvegetarian eating patterns can be healthful-or detrimental to your health. Studies indicate that vegetarians often have lower morbidity and mortality rates from several chronic degenerative …

Plant-Availability Fractionation Of Nickel For Bioremediation, Jason Henrie

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The bioremediation of contaminated soils or the biomining of waste tillings has been explored through the use of hyperaccumulating plants such as S. polygaloides which is a nickel hyperaccumulator. However, it is important to discover which soils are well-suited for this type of process by determining the plant-availability of the nickel. By extracting the nickel sequentially with increasing severity it is possible to determine the chemical distribution, or fractionation, of nickel in a soil. One fraction is already suspected to be plant-available and correlates very well with the results of a previous plant-availability study. A calcareous Millville silt loam which …

Antioxidants And Alcohol In The Progression Of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Laura Lynne Prestwich

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Wasting syndrome in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) appears to play a role in decline of immune function. Along with poor appetite, HIV infected individuals seem to have a tendency to be heavy alcohol drinkers which may be immunosuppressive and cause malnutrition. Altered macronutrient metabolism visibly contributes to wasting; however, micronutrient deficiencies also appear to play a role. Micronutrient deficiency has also been known to decrease immune function. As part of their role as antioxidants, P-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium may be helpful in altering cell production and response to cytokines and other secretions. This may decrease viral replication …

The Maternal Diet Can Prevent Neural Tube Defects, Shannon Michelle Gardner

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Maternal diet and nutritional status have a direct impact on pregnancy course and outcome. Nutrition is critical to the development of the human embryo and fetus. Each year in the United States, approximately 4000 pregnancies are affected by neural tube defects (NTD). The most important finding in recent years has been the relationship between maternal folic acid status and NTDs. Other studies have found an association between zinc deficiency and an increased risk for having an NTD-affected pregnancy. Furthermore, some of the latest research has linked maternal obesity with the development of NTDs. The cumulative data from several studies have …

Targeting Minority Groups In Community Nutrition, Trisha Sisson Brimhall

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

A community nutritionist takes on the immense task of "improving the nutrition, and ... health of individuals and groups within communities" (1). These objectives are generally met by private sector sponsors such as health care facilities, work-site wellness programs and food banks. If the arena of public health is included, then the dietitian's scope is enlarged to include federally-funded agencies designed to improve public health and disease prevention (1). Skills required of these community dietitians not only include clinical knowledge and assessment skills, but marketing, education, and research competencies. The challenges of community nutrition range from counseling an individual on …

Herbs: What Is My Choice?, Brooke Dipoma Bouwhuis

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Medicating oneself with herbal remedies has become and increasing popular phenomenon. It is estimated sales of herbal products were $3.2 million in 1997 (8). One third of educated, upper income Americans aged 25-49 years old are using these products each year (8). This paper is a compilation of information regarding the herbal industry. An overview of food and drug regulations as well as reviewing the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health Education Act clarify where industry is at today. A discussion regarding Germany's Commission E and their contribution to the herbal industry as well as reasons why the US is not following …

Ailing Hearts, Go Home: Ethnographic Storytelling And The Levels Of Experience, Bryan D. Tilt

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

I visited Primary Children's Medical Center on a fresh snow morning near the beginning of last winter. The hospital was not where it had been in my childhood, a quiet neighborhood in "the avenues" section of Salt Lake City; several years ago the hospital moved to a new location farther east on the Wasatch Mountain foothills, near the University of Utah Medical Center. The old brick building now sits sedate and empty at the top of a shaded hill. My memory of the old hospital is as a bright and oppressive place, full of the stuff of life and death. …

Syndrome X: A Review Of The Cluster Of Abnormalities, Diagnosis, And Treatment, Kathryn Lundgren Gurney

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Syndrome X is a cluster of abnormalities including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, upper-body obesity, increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, decreased levels of tissue plasminogen activator, and hyperuricemia. The combined effect of these abnormalities greatly increases risk for Type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Individuals at risk for Syndrome X are those with any of the abnormalities (not necessarily all) or with a family history of diabetes, hypertension, or early-onset coronary artery disease. Treatment of Syndrome X should be early and aggressive, starting with lifestyle changes. Exercise, proper diet, and weight loss all improve insulin resistance and thereby …

The Use Of Carnitine And Pyruvate In Weight Management, Karen Phyllis Bergs

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Carnitine has been a naturally occurring compound since the beginning of the century, and was considered to be an essential nutrient for quite some time. Carnitine has many essential roles in the body. Carnitine transports fatty acids into the mitochondria for energy, controls ketogenesis, and modulates the acyl-CoA/free CoA ratio. Studies have postulated that exercise decreases carnitine in the body, therefore leading to a deficiency in athletes. Carnitine has also been used as a weight loss product because of its fatty acid oxidation function. Many nutritional supplement companies have marketed on these functions of carnitine, resulting in a big business. …

The Beneficial Effects Of Supplemental Vitamins C And E In Diabetic Subjects, Jessica Rupp Gibbons

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Few reviews have been written related to the benefits of supplementing vitamin C and E in diabetic individuals. Excessive protein glycosylation is seen in persons with diabetes, and vitamin E and C have been shown to be beneficial in decreasing the glycosylation of proteins. In addition, vitamins E and Care potent antioxidants and actively reduce oxidation, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels in diabetics. Diabetics may benefit from supplementing vitamins E and C.

Obesity: Environment Vs. Genetics, Kammi Marie Reeder Hansen

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The prevalence of overweight and obese individuals is rising. Between 1980 and 1990 there was an 8% increase in the prevalence of obesity. Obesity is associated with many diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Over $39 billion dollars is spent annually on the illnesses associated with obesity. Our American culture has been blamed for the rise in obesity, yet there are obviously many people living in the American culture that are not obese. Researchers have turned to genetics to explain this phenomenon. This article will examine the many environmental factors that contribute to obesity and …

Parameter Estimation Of The Mountain Pine Beetle-Host Tree System, Zy Frederick Biesinger

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

The spatial redistribution of organisms in an ecosystem is often a complex process. Many ecosystems exhibit spatial complexity on a broad range of scales, driven by the physical environment and biotic interactions [1]. As different species aggregate and disperse in spatially complex ways, even an initially uniform environment will soon evolve spatial heterogeneity.

Sexual Differences In Survival And Competition In Grasshoppers, Marianne Harris

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

A study was conducted to determine if the proportional survival of the sexes of the grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera, Acrididae), differs. By stocking cages in the field with grasshoppers with different body size, sex and density combinations, proportional survival could be estimated. This study revealed that, in the absence of predation, there was a lower proportional survival when both sexes were together at high densities as compared to when they together were at low densities, and when both sexes were separate at either density. Even though females, on average, are larger than males, this study found size to be insignificant. …

Sexual Differences In Survival And Competition In Grasshopers, Marianne Harris

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

A study was conducted to determine if the proportional survival of the sexes of the grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera, Acrididae), differs. By stocking cages in the field with grasshoppers with different body size, sex and density combinations, proportional survival could be estimated. This study revealed that, in the absence of predation, there was a lower proportional survival when both sexes were together at high densities as compared to when they together were at low densities, and when both sexes were separate at either density. Even though females, on average, are larger than males, this study found size to be insignificant. …

Therapy Videotape Presentation For Eating Disorder Clients: Development And Evaluation, Benita J. Quakenbush

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Eating disorder clients show low motivation, poor follow-through, and inordinate premature dropout rates in treatment. Earlier studies support the use of pretherapy training to help clients understand the tasks and challenges of therapy. However, a pretherapy intervention, such as showing prospective clients a video that outlines recovery issues and themes, had not yet been developed specifically for the prevalent, recalcitrant problem of eating disorders. Thus, of particular interest to clinicians who treat eating disorders may be the development of a theoretically sound, pretherapy videotape that outlines recovery issues.

One of the purposes of this study was to review prior investigations …

Management Of Microbial Nitrate Production In Agricultural Soils, Wei Shi

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Nitrate (NO₃^-) is of central importance in the internal soil nitrogen (N) cycle. While animal wastes and nitrification inhibitors have been used in modern agriculture for decades, their effects on soil NO₃^- concentrations in relation to microbial NO₃^- production have not been well characterized. The objective of this research was to determine microbial NO₃^- production in relation to ammonium (NH₄⁺) availability and nitrifier population activity in agricultural soils receiving animal wastes or nitrification inhibitors.

Several laboratory and field studies assessed the impacts of variously treated dairy wastes and …

The Role Of Ammonia In Reproductive Inefficiency In High-Producing Dairy Cows Fed Excess Rumen Degraded Protein, Douglas Scott Hammon

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The role of ammonia in reproductive inefficiency in early lactation dairy cows was studied in a series of experiments designed to determine the concentrations of ammonia in normal bovine follicular fluid (bFF), to determine the effects of ammonia on the bovine embryo during specific stages of development, and to test the hypothesis that elevated plasma urea nitrogen concentration is associated with elevated ammonia and urea nitrogen concentrations in the reproductive fluids.

In the first study, ammonia concentration in different size follicles and the effect of ammonia during in vitro maturation on embryo development were determined. Ammonia concentration in the bFF …

The Effects Of Retinoic Acids On The Angiogenic Growth Factors Produced By Solid Tumors, Lynn C. Burgess

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

These studies investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on angiogenesis. Three human, neoplastic cell lines were used to examine angiogenic promotion and/or inhibition. The cell lines, U-373MG glioblastoma, DU-145 prostate carcinoma, and TCCSUP bladder transitional cell carcinoma, were treated with the following: all-trans, 9-cis, or 13-cis RA, at doses from 0.0001 to 100 μM. Hypoxia was used to assist the expression of the angiogenic phenotype. Conditioned media (CM) were prepared by growing the tumor cells in the presence of RA and hypoxia for 24 hours, and then the CM was transferred to bovine, capillary endothelial …

The Effect Of The Estimate Of Resting Metabolic Rate On The Correlation Between Energy Expenditure As Estimated Using Self-Reports Of Physical Activity And Food Intake Records In Older Adults, Judy Hurd

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study measured total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in adults at least 50 years of age. The goal was to determine the effect of the estimate of resting metabolic rate (RMR) on the relationship between energy expenditure estimates made using (a) self-reports of physical activity and (b) food intake records. The objectives were to determine if (a) RMR estimates based on body composition, body weight, and the metabolic cart were strongly related to each other, and (b) TDEE estimates based on a 7-day physical activity diary and a 7-day food intake record were more strongly related to each other when …