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Merrimack Around The World, Merrimack College

Merrimack Magazine

No abstract provided.

Graduate, Spring-Summer 1998, Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food, And Life Sciences (University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville)

Graduate

"For alumni and friends of the Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences and the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture."

Relationship Between Ecosystem Productivity And Photosynthetically Active Radiation For Northern Peatlands, S. E. Frolkin, J.L. Bubier, T.R. Moore, T. Ball, L.M. Bellisario, A. Bhardwaj, P. Carroll, P.M. Crill, Peter M. Lafleur, J.H. Mccaughey, N.T. Roulet, A. E. Suyker, S.B. Verma, J.M. Waddington, G.J. Whiting

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

We analyzed the relationship between new ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE) and irradiance (as photosynthetic photon flux density of PPFD), using published and unpublished data that have been collected during midgrowing season for carbon balance studies at seven peatlands in North America and Europe. NEE measurements included both eddy-correlation tower and clear, static chamber methods, which gave very similar results. Data were analyzed by site, as aggregated data set for all peatland type (bog, poor fen, rich fen, and all fens) and as a single aggregated data set for all peatlands. In all cases, a fit with a rectangular …

William H. Sandusky In Texas: A Polish Descendant, K. F. Neighbours

East Texas Historical Journal

No abstract provided.

Temporal Contrast In Ti:Sapphire Lasers: Characterization And Control, Marc Nantel, Jiro Itatani, An-Chun Tien, Jerome Faure, Daniel Kaplan, Marcel Bouvier, Takashi Buma, Paul Van Rompay, John Nees, Peter P. Pronko, Donald P. Umstadter, Gerald A. Mourou

Donald Umstadter Publications

As ultrafast lasers achieve ever higher focused intensities on target, the problem of ensuring a clean laser-solid interaction becomes more pressing. In this paper, we give concrete examples of the deleterious effects of low-contrast interactions, and address the problem of subpicosecond laser intensity contrast ratio on both characterization and control fronts. We present the new technique of high-dynamic-range plasma-shuttered streak camera contrast measurement, as well as two efficient and relatively inexpensive ways of improving the contrast of short pulse lasers without sacrificing on the output energy: a double-pass Pockels cell (PC), and clean high-energy-pulse seeding of the regenerative amplifier.

Adding Fuzzy Integral To Fuzzy Control, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich, Richard Alo

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Sugeno integral was invented a few decades ago as a natural fuzzy-number analogue of the classical integral. Sugeno integral has many interesting applications. It is reasonable to expect that it can be used in all application areas where classical integrals are used, and in many such areas it is indeed useful. Surprisingly, however, it has never been used in fuzzy control, although in traditional control, classical integral is one of the main tools.

In this paper, we show that the appropriately modified Sugeno integral is indeed useful for fuzzy control: namely, it provides numerical characterization of stability and smoothness …

Effects Of Cooperative Learning Versus Direct Instruction And Independent Practice In A First Grade Mathematics Classroom, Andrea Wieringa

Master of Education Program Theses

This study investigated the effectiveness of cooperative learning versus direct instruction and individual practice in a first grade classroom when learning concepts about time. One classroom of 21 was divided into groups of three and worked and learned in cooperative groups. The other class of 21 was taught using direct instruction, and students completed assignments independently. An analysis of the post-test suggested that the cooperative group scored higher than the direct instruction group, although only two of the five sections of the test were significantly higher.

Chromospherically Active Stars. Xvii. The Double-Lined Binary 54 Camelopardalis (Ae Lyncis), Francis C. Fekel, Joseph J. Eitter, José-Renan De Medeiros, J. Davy Kirkpatrick

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

New spectroscopic observations of the double-lined chromospherically active binary 54 Camelopardalis (=AE Lyncis) have been obtained, resulting in improved orbital elements and the determination of the fundamental properties of the system. 54 Cam has a period of 11.06794 days, an eccentricity of 0.125, and a mass ratio of 0.9945. The spectral types are F8 IV-V and G5 IV, positioning the components on opposite sides of the Hertzsprung gap. From a comparison with theoretical evolutionary tracks, the masses are estimated to be 1.60 and 1.59 M_⊙ for the G and F stars, respectively, while the radii are 3.7 and 3.2 R_⊙. …

Hunting And Exposure: Estimating Risk And Future Use At Nuclear Production Sites, Jessica Sanchez, Joanna Burger

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors advocate specific criteria for informed decisions about the future use - of contaminated nuclear sites. They also compare the implications of official recommendations for one site with results from a study.

The Value Of Preventing Cryptosporidium Contamination, Patricia Kocagil, Nadia Demarteau, Ann Fisher, James S. Shortle

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The authors evaluate the need for preventing illnesses and fatalities caused by Cryptospiridium contamination of water supplies based on the impacts of recent and likely future outbreaks.

Ampte/Cce‐Scatha Simultaneous Observations Of Substorm‐Associated Magnetic Fluctuations, S. Ohtani, K. Takahashi, T. Higuchi, A. T. Y. Lui, Harlan E. Spence, J. F. Fennell

Physics & Astronomy

This study examines substorm-associated magnetic field fluctuations observed by the AMPTE/CCE and SCATHA satellites in the near-Earth tail. Three tail reconfiguration events are selected, one event on August 28, 1986, and two consecutive events on August 30, 1986. The fractal analysis was applied to magnetic field measurements of each satellite. The result indicates that (1) the amplitude of the fluctuation of the north-south magnetic component is larger, though not overwhelmingly, than the amplitudes of the other two components and (2) the magnetic fluctuations do have a characteristic timescale, which is several times the proton gyroperiod. In the examined events the …

Full-Wave Modeling Of Small-Scale Gravity Waves Using Airborne Lidar And Observations Of The Hawaiian Airglow (Aloha-93) O(1s) Images & Coincident Na Wind/Temperature Lidar Measurements, M. P. Hickey, Michael J. Taylor, C. S. Gardner, C. R. Gibbons

All Physics Faculty Publications

Measurements were made of mesospheric gravity waves in the OI (5577 Å) nightglow observed from Maui, Hawaii, during the Airborne Lidar and Observations of Hawaiian Airglow (ALOHA-93) campaign. Clear, monochromatic gravity waves were observed on several nights. By using a full-wave model that realistically includes the major physical processes in this region, we have simulated the propagation of four waves through the mesopause region and calculated the O(1 S) nightglow response to the waves. Mean winds derived from Na wind/temperature lidar observations were employed in the computations. Wave amplitudes were calculated based on the requirement that the observed and simulated …

The Faculty Notebook, March 1998, Provost's Office

Faculty Notebook

The Faculty Notebook is published periodically by the Office of the Provost at Gettysburg College to bring to the attention of the campus community accomplishments and activities of academic interest. Faculty are encouraged to submit materials for consideration for publication to the Associate Provost for Faculty Development. Copies of this publication are available at the Office of the Provost.

Observational Limits For Lidar, Radar And Airglow Imager Measurements Of Gravity Wave Parameters, C. S. Gardner, Michael J. Taylor

All Physics Faculty Publications

By examining the observational limits and biases for lidar, radar, and airglow imager measurements of middle atmosphere gravity waves, we provide plausible explanations for the characteristics of the monochromatic wave parameters that have been reported during the past decade. The systematic dependencies of vertical and horizontal wavelength on wave period, reported in many lidar and some radar studies, are associated with diffusive damping. The prominent waves with the largest amplitudes, most often observed by lidars and radars, are those with vertical phase speeds near the diffusive damping limit. The narrow range of horizontal phase velocities of the waves seen by …

Inventory And Characterization Of The Riparian Zone Of The Current And Jacks Fork Rivers, Jonathan Lyon, Cynthia L. Sagers

Arkansas Water Resources Center Technical Reports

The ecological, recreational, and economic value of the 134 mile (216 km) riparian corridor within the Ozark National Scenic Riverways (ONSR) is of great interest to land managers and conservationists. Recent interest in applying ecosystem management to forest systems has necessitated a fresh look at the tools and methods in use to assess existing patterns of plant community structure and diversity. The purpose and objective of the study described in this report was to initiate a series of vegetation studies that could be integrated with existing research and management infonnation on the riparian vegetation in the ONSR. Defining the compositional …

Family Businesses And The Business Of Families: A Consideration Of The Role Of The Lawyer, Steven H. Hobbs, Fay Wilson Hobbs

Texas Wesleyan Law Review

The principal theme of this article explores the impact to the family and the business when the family structure is shattered, and devises an analytical process for lawyers to work with family business owners and/or managers to minimize the impact on the business. The article draws on family systems theory as used in family therapy and as relied upon by many family business consultants. Part One considers the economic and social significance of small and family-owned businesses to our society. Part Two borrows from the theoretical literature of family therapy to describe a framework and context for working with clients …

Deafdigest: Vol. 2, No. 30 March 1, 1998, Barry Strassler

DeafDigest 1998

No abstract provided.

How To Divide A Territory? A New Simple Differential Formalism For Optimization Of Set Functions, Hung T. Nguyen, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical problems, we must optimize a set function, i.e., find a set A for which f(A) is maximum, where f is a function defined on the class of sets. Such problems appear in design, in image processing, in game theory, etc.

Most optimization problems can be solved (or at least simplified) by using the fact that small deviations from an optimal solution can only decrease the value of the objective function; as a result, some derivative must be equal to 0. This approach has been successfully used, e.g., for set functions in which the desired set A …

Computational Complexity And Feasibility Of Fuzzy Data Processing: Why Fuzzy Numbers, Which Fuzzy Numbers, Which Operations With Fuzzy Numbers, Hung T. Nguyen, Misha Kosheleva, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Radko Mesiar

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many real-life situations, we cannot directly measure or estimate the desired quantity r. In these situations, we measure or estimate other quantities r1,...,rn related to r, and then reconstruct r from the estimates for r_i. This reconstruction is called data processing.

Often, we only have fuzzy information about ri. In such cases, we have fuzzy data processing. Fuzzy data means that instead of a single number ri, we have several numbers that describes the fuzzy knowledge about the corresponding quantity. Since we need to process more numbers, the computation time for fuzzy …

A Framework For World Wide Web Client-Authentication Protocols, Cem Paya

Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses

Existing client-authentication protocols deployed on the World Wide Web today are based on conventional distributed systems and fail to address the problems specific to the application domain. Some of the protocols restrict the mobility of the client by equating user identity to a machine or network address, others depend on sound password management strategies, and yet others compromise the privacy of the user by transmitting personal information for authentication. We introduce a new framework for client-authentication by separating two goals that current protocols achieve simultaneously: 1. Maintain persistent sense of identity across different sessions. 2. Prove facts about the user …

Computer Simplification Of Formulas In Linear Systems Theory, J. W. Helton, Mark Stankus, John J. Wavrik

Mathematics

Currently, the three most popular commercial computer algebra systems are Mathematica, Maple, and MACSYMA. These systems provide a wide variety of symbolic computation facilities for commutative algebra and contain implementations of powerful algorithms in that domain. The Gröbner Basis Algorithm, for example, is an important tool used in computation with commutative algebras and in solving systems of polynomial equations.

On the other hand, most of the computation involved in linear control theory is performed on matrices, and these do not commute. A typical issue of IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL is full of linear systems and computations with their coefficient …

Pollution And Economic Growth, Eric O'N. Fisher, Charles Van Marrewijk

Economics

We analyse a model of overlapping generations in which clean air, a pure public good, is used as a private input into production. Although production exhibits constant returns to scale. endogenous growth can occur. In a laissez-faire equilibrium, firms generate rents that are the value of the pollution they create. These rents crowd out investment and slow economic growth. Such an equilibrium may not support Pareto optimal allocations, but a Pigouvian tax does. Hence, a pollution tax can yield a double dividend because it reduces pollution and increases growth.

Groundwater Trends In The Agricultural Area Of Western Australia, R A. Nulsen

Resource management technical reports

In 1994 it was estimated that salinity affected more than 1.8 million ha of agricultural land in Western Australia (Ferdowsian et al. 1996). This area was predicted to expand to over three million ha by about 2020 and, if nothing is done to stem the expansion, to eventually affect some six million ha, or 30% of the agricultural land in the state. Damaging levels of salt accumulation in the root zone of both native and introduced plants can generally only occur when the groundwater levels are relatively cl te the variability of responses. Several depict episodic recharge (recharge as a …

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials: Human Health & Regulation, Jason Aamodt

Tulsa Law Review

No abstract provided.

Ua11/1 On Campus, Vol. 8, No. 2, Wku University Relations

WKU Administration Documents

On Campus newsletter featuring articles about faculty, staff and events at Western Kentucky University. Regular features are:

• College News
• Sponsored Programs
• Hot off the Press
• Personnel File
• Coming Up - Calendar of Events

This issue includes articles:

• Inauguration Will Feature Celebration of Excellence - Gary Ransdell
• Special Programs for Women's History Month
• Campus Involved in Graduation Fair
• $4 Million Gift Will Aid WKU Football Program
• Summary of the Task Force Study of the Status of Women
• Siria, Stephanie. When a Lump of Coal Turns to Gold - Wei-Ping Pan
• University Relations, Alumni Affairs Win Five Highest Awards in Annual Competition …

How To Reduce Drought Risk, Cody Knutson, Mike Hayes, Tom Phillips

National Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

This guide describes a practical step-by-step process for identifying actions that can be taken to reduce potential drought-related impacts before a drought occurs. Step 1 begins with making sure that the right people are brought together and supplied with adequate data to make informed and equitable decisions during the process. Steps 2 and 3 narrow the focus of the study by identifying high priority drought-related impacts that are relevant to the user’s location or activity. Step 4 demonstrates that in order to reduce the potential for the identified impacts to occur in the future, it is necessary to understand the …

Operations With Fuzzy Numbers Explain Heuristic Methods In Image Processing, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Bernadette Bouchon-Meuiner, Radko Mesiar

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Maximum entropy method and its heuristic generalizations are very useful in image processing. In this paper, we show that the use of fuzzy numbers enables us to naturally explain these heuristic methods.

Development Of An Internet Center For Wildlife Damage Management (Html.Www.Ianr.Unl/Wildlife), Scott E. Hygnstrom, Robert H. Schmidt, Paul D. Curtis, Greg K. Yarrow

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Wildlife damage problems are experienced by all segments of society. Row crops, forages, rangeland, fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, and turf are all susceptible to wildlife damage at various stages of development. Agricultural producers lose billions of dollars each year due to crop damage caused by deer, voles, blackbirds, and other wildlife species (Conover et al. 1995). In addition, over 75,000 people are injured annually or become ill in North America due to wildlife-related incidents. For most of these problems, IPM principles can be applied to reduce damage to tolerable levels. Information, materials, and services on wildlife damage management are available through …

The Efficacy Of Glue Traps Against Wild Populations Of House Mice, Mus Domesticus, Rutty, Robert M. Corrigan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

Field research was conducted from Purdue University during 1991 to 1993 to examine some aspects of the efficaciousness of the various types of glue traps against wild populations of house mice. The research was conducted in agricultural and livestock buildings containing various infestation levels of mice. Tests compared the capture and escape rates of glue boards vs. trays, covered vs. uncovered glue traps, and glue traps vs. snap traps, and multiple catch curiosity traps. Observational work, via night vigils, was also conducted to note the behavioral response of mice to glue surfaces, including the behavioral aspects of mice neutralizing glue …

Management Of Conflicts Between Urban Coyotes And Humans In Southern California, Rex O. Baker, Robert M. Timm

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 18th (1998)

An apparent increase in coyote-human conflicts, notably attacks on humans, demonstrates that such incidents are not rare in California. The authors discuss coyote attacks on 53 humans, resulting in 21 instances of human injury, over the last decade. These illustrate repeated, predictable pre-attack coyote behavior patterns. Specific changes in human environments and in human behavior that have contributed to coyote attacks are discussed. Case histories of attacks reveal contributing factors and suggest appropriate corrective and preventive actions. Padded leghold traps have been the most effective and efficient tool in removing problem coyotes and changing the behavior of coyotes to fear …