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1996

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Children's Rights And The Biological Bias: A Comparison Between The United States And Canada In Biological Parent Versus Third-Party Custody Disputes, Erin E. Wynne Jan 1996

Children's Rights And The Biological Bias: A Comparison Between The United States And Canada In Biological Parent Versus Third-Party Custody Disputes, Erin E. Wynne

Connecticut Journal of International Law

This Comment looks at the haunting notion of children as property. The main objective of this Comment is to identify the origin of this notion and illustrate its misplacement in today's society. This Comment compares the existing "biological bias" that has evolved from the "child as property" notion in the United States with the progressive shift away from these ideas in Canada. Part I of this Comment describes the history of children's rights and child custody before the nineteenth century. Part II then discusses the history of childhood in America, specifically, the origin of the child as property and biological …

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Controlling The Russian Mafia: Russian Legal Confusion And U.S. Jurisdictional Power-Play, Shoshanah V. Asnis Jan 1996

Controlling The Russian Mafia: Russian Legal Confusion And U.S. Jurisdictional Power-Play, Shoshanah V. Asnis

Connecticut Journal of International Law

In Part I, this Comment explores the history of the Russian mob, tracking its transition from disorganized outlaw bands to sophisticated criminal organizations. Part II examines the current debate in the Russian houses of Parliament on how to confront and solve the burgeoning problem the mafia presents to Russia and the world. Part III considers the role the FBI intends to take in controlling the Russian mafia's traffic in nuclear weaponry both in the United States and in Russia. Part IV outlines the statutory jurisdictional problems the FBI is encountering while trying to accomplish its goals. In addition, Part IV …

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Quebec's Perspective On Social Aspects And The Broadening Of Free Trade In The Americas, Osvaldo Nunez Jan 1996

Quebec's Perspective On Social Aspects And The Broadening Of Free Trade In The Americas, Osvaldo Nunez

Connecticut Journal of International Law

This Article will argue that two attitudes toward continental trade liberalization clashed in Canada when the FTA and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)5 were debated: the more venturesome view held by Quebec, and the other more hesitant view held by the rest of Canada. Whether Quebec chooses to remain a Canadian province or take on the status of a sovereign state, it will remain an enthusiastic supporter of trade liberalization throughout the continent; Quebec will support such free trade even though some analysts have raised legitimate questions about the challenges that trade liberalization poses, particularly at the social level. …

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Fifty Years After Auschwitz: Prosecutions Of Nazi Death Camp Defendants, Matthew Lippman Jan 1996

Fifty Years After Auschwitz: Prosecutions Of Nazi Death Camp Defendants, Matthew Lippman

Connecticut Journal of International Law

January 27, 1995, marked the fiftieth anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau.' The death and destruction in the Nazi death camps propelled the global community to alter the architecture of international law and to adopt a series of human rights instruments intended to safeguard the rights of individuals.2 The Allied Powers also initiated a series of international and national prosecutions against the staff and administrators of the concentration camps.' The decisions documented the inmates' dystopian existence and developed and discussed various core components of contemporary international criminal law. These precedents have taken on renewed relevance as the global community confronts …

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Rurality, Locality And Industrial Change: A Micro-Scale Investigation Of Manufacturing Growth In The District Of Leominster, Richard Yarwood Jan 1996

Rurality, Locality And Industrial Change: A Micro-Scale Investigation Of Manufacturing Growth In The District Of Leominster, Richard Yarwood

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Spreading Pattern And Mesoscale Structure Of Mediterranean Outflow In The Iberian Basin Estimated From Historical Data, G. I. Shapiro, S. L. Meschanov Jan 1996

Spreading Pattern And Mesoscale Structure Of Mediterranean Outflow In The Iberian Basin Estimated From Historical Data, G. I. Shapiro, S. L. Meschanov

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Civil War As Paradigm: Reestablishing The Rule Of Law At The End Of The Cold War, Jill Elaine Hasday Jan 1996

Civil War As Paradigm: Reestablishing The Rule Of Law At The End Of The Cold War, Jill Elaine Hasday

Articles

No abstract provided.

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High-Frequency Spin Waves In Yba₂Cu₃O6.15>/Sub>, Stephen M. Hayden, Gabriel Aeppli, Toby G. Perring, Herbert A. Mook, Fatih Dogan Jan 1996

High-Frequency Spin Waves In Yba₂Cu₃O6.15>/Sub>, Stephen M. Hayden, Gabriel Aeppli, Toby G. Perring, Herbert A. Mook, Fatih Dogan

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Pulsed neutron spectroscopy is used to absolute measurements of the dynamic magnetic susceptibility of insulating YBa2Cu3O6.15. Acoustic and optical modes, derived from inand out-of-phase oscillation of spins in adjacent CuO2 planes, dominate the spectra and are observed up to 250 meV. The optical modes appear first at 74±5 meV. Linear-spin-wave theory gives an excellent description of the data and yields intralayer and interlayer exchange constants of J∥=125±5 meV and J⊥=11±2 meV, respectively, and a spin-wave intensity renormalization ZΧ=0.4±0.1.

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A Privatization Solution To The Legitimacy Of Prepetition Waivers Of The Automatic Stay, Edward S. Adams, James L. Baillie Jan 1996

A Privatization Solution To The Legitimacy Of Prepetition Waivers Of The Automatic Stay, Edward S. Adams, James L. Baillie

Articles

Section I of this article reviews the historical notions of the automatic stay prior to and under the Bankruptcy Act of 1898 (the “Act”) as well as the legislative history of § 362 of the Bankruptcy Code of 1978 (the “Code”). Section II focuses on the arguments for and against upholding the validity of agreements which waive the protections of the automatic stay. Specifically, this section analyzes recent court decisions in this area and attempts to discern differences between permissible and impermissible waivers. Section III reviews the enforcability of other prepetition agreements. In Section IV, we introduce our hypothesis, based …

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The Draft International Antitrust Code Proposed At Munich: Good Intentions Gone Awry, Daniel J. Gifford Jan 1996

The Draft International Antitrust Code Proposed At Munich: Good Intentions Gone Awry, Daniel J. Gifford

Articles

Because private exclusionary arrangements can potentially effectively neutralize the market-opening efforts undertaken by governments, they have long been the subject of international concern.1 Manifestations of this concern extend back to 1948 when delegates to the Havana Conference approved a set of provisions directed against cartels and restrictive business practices. Periodically, government officials and others have focused upon the question of whether restrictive agreements among private business firms may impede trade. As a host of international agreements have progressively eliminated or have placed limits on government-erected trade barriers, attention has increasingly focused upon privately-erected barriers, i.e., those resulting from cartel-like exclusionary …

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Microsoft Corporation, The Justice Department, And Antitrust Theory, Daniel J. Gifford Jan 1996

Microsoft Corporation, The Justice Department, And Antitrust Theory, Daniel J. Gifford

Articles

Microsoft Corporation's jousting with the Justice Department's Antitrust Division over the last two years has been the subject of widespread media interest. The Division has required Microsoft to change its licensing practices; it has thwarted Microsoft's planned merger with Intuit. Furthermore, the Division has threatened to block Microsoft's introduction of its new Windows 95 operating system as a result of a dispute over the lawfulness of Microsoft's incorporation into that program of an icon helping users to sign on to Microsoft's new on-line service. The sparring between the Justice Department and Microsoft over these Department challenges to Microsoft's plans may …

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A Review Essay Of Richard Vigilante's Strike: The Daily News War And The Future Of American Labor, Daniel J. Gifford Jan 1996

A Review Essay Of Richard Vigilante's Strike: The Daily News War And The Future Of American Labor, Daniel J. Gifford

Articles

Richard Vigilante has combined in this book an intense and dramatic account of a major strike, complete with character portraits of the leading actors, with interpretations of the events and insights into the operations of the labor movement on several levels.

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A Call For A Unified Business Organization Law, John H. Matheson, Brent A. Olson Jan 1996

A Call For A Unified Business Organization Law, John H. Matheson, Brent A. Olson

Articles

The authors propose a wholesale reformation of business organization law. The current regime of business organization law reflects an attempt to blend the benefits of limited liability with conduit or flow-through taxation. The result has been a haphazard development of business forms, often created to satisfy shifting federal tax law guidelines. The authors trace this development, from the traditional corporation and partnership forms through limited partnerships and Subchapter S corporations to the recent organizational forms of limited liability companies and limited liability partnerships. The authors show how the search for the ideal organizational form has failed, leaving an unwieldy morass …

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Intermediate Sanctions, Michael Tonry, Mary Lynch Jan 1996

Intermediate Sanctions, Michael Tonry, Mary Lynch

Articles

No abstract provided.

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Liquid Phase Behaviour In Nonstoichiometric Calcium-Doped Lanthanum Chromites, J. D. Carter, M. M. Nasrallah, Harlan U. Anderson Jan 1996

Liquid Phase Behaviour In Nonstoichiometric Calcium-Doped Lanthanum Chromites, J. D. Carter, M. M. Nasrallah, Harlan U. Anderson

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The sinter ability of (La,Ca)CrO3 is analyzed by comparing the liquid phase behavior in A-site excess and A-site deficient compositions (referring to the ABO3 formula). The analysis shows that a series of A-site excess and deficient compositions form distinct liquid phases belonging to the CaO-Cr2O3 phase system. Although both series experience grain growth and densification due to the presence of a liquid phase, the A-site excess compositions exhibit greater shrinkage and sinter to closed porosity, whereas the A-site deficient compositions remain porous. During the final stages of sintering, surplus liquid from the A-site excess material exudes to the free-surface forming …

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Gas And Liquid Phase Transport In Pulsed Fuel Sprays, Pete D. Jennings, James A. Drallmeier Jan 1996

Gas And Liquid Phase Transport In Pulsed Fuel Sprays, Pete D. Jennings, James A. Drallmeier

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An infrared extinction technique was used to characterize spatially and temporally the vapor phase of a transient fuel spray. Optical extinction data were taken at two laser wavelengths and compared to obtain fuel vapor partial pressure values averaged over the line-of-sight through the spray. A transient fuel injector spray was characterized at several axial positions with a spatial resolution of 0.125 cm and a temporal resolution of 0.2 ms. With the knowledge of an axisymmetric spray pulse, the line-of-sight averaged results were deconvoluted to obtain spatially resolved vapor pressure data. The same spray was also characterized using phase/doppler interferometry to …

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Effect Of Inflow Pressure And Wall Heat Transfer On Shock-Induced Combustion/Detonation, B. S. Green, Harlan F. Nelson Jan 1996

Effect Of Inflow Pressure And Wall Heat Transfer On Shock-Induced Combustion/Detonation, B. S. Green, Harlan F. Nelson

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Oblique detonation waves are possible ignition mechanisms for scramjet engines. Results from a numerical study of the effects of changing the inflow pressure on oblique detonation wave structure for supersonic flow of a stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture over a flat plate followed by a ramp are presented. Viscous effects and finite-rate chemistry are considered. Inflow pressure is varied from 0.1 to 1 atmosphere for Mach 4 inflow over a 30-degree ramp. Also, the effect of wall heat transfer rate is examined by comparing adiabatic wall, and constant temperature wall solutions. A separation bubble forms at the intersection of the flat plate …

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Optimization For Maximum Performance High-Speed Engines, David W. Riggins Jan 1996

Optimization For Maximum Performance High-Speed Engines, David W. Riggins

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Fuel-air combustion and the generation of irreversibility in high-speed flows are described in terms of the fundamental principles of nonequilibrium, work availability, and entropy increases. Engine thrust is analytically related to the overall engine irreversibility and the degree of combustion: Issues involving mixing enhancement assessment and engine optimization are then formalized and clarified. The concept of thrust-potential, as used in engine design and optimization, is shown to be a consistent application of the principles and findings of this and related investigations. This work was supported through NASA Grant NAG 1-1189. Special thanks are due to Charles McClinton at NASA Langley …

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A Class Of Modified Hopfield Networks For Aircraft Identification And Control, Jie Shen, S. N. Balakrishnan Jan 1996

A Class Of Modified Hopfield Networks For Aircraft Identification And Control, Jie Shen, S. N. Balakrishnan

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a class of modified Hopfield neural networks and their use in solving aircraft optimal control and identification problems. This class of networks consists of parallel recurrent networks which have variable dimensions that can be changed to fit the problems under consideration. It has a structure to implement an inverse transformation that is essential for embedding optimal control gain sequences. Equilibrium solutions are discussed. Energy minimization of the networks leads to identification of the system parameters. Numerical results are provided to identify the dynamics of an aircraft, and the corresponding optimal control is calculated online. Comparison of the …

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A Finite Element Model Of Thermoacoustic Oscillations In Rayleigh Flow, Carlos A. Gutierrez, Walter Eversman Jan 1996

A Finite Element Model Of Thermoacoustic Oscillations In Rayleigh Flow, Carlos A. Gutierrez, Walter Eversman

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The work reported here describes a portion of the development of a finite element model of thermoacoustic oscillations in ducted flows, including three dimensional geometries and nonuniform mean flows with steady heat addition. The thermoacoustic problem is not modeled by a form of the convected wave equation but instead by the conservation equations in primitive form. In this paper the three-dimensional model is reduced to one dimension, applicable to a uniform geometry, but allowing an axially nonuniform flow with sharp gradients in temperature, density, and Mach number. The steady mean flow is computed as a Rayleigh flow. Calculations are shown …

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Hamiltonian Based Adaptive Critics For Missile Guidance, S. N. Balakrishnan, Jie Shen Jan 1996

Hamiltonian Based Adaptive Critics For Missile Guidance, S. N. Balakrishnan, Jie Shen

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Hamiltonian based adaptive critic structure is proposed for solving missile guidance problems. This structure consists of a supervisor neural network called 'critic' and a controller network called 'action'. Together they are used to solve model-based guidance problems. The advantage of this approach is that: i) the training data for each network is created by the other network, ii) the converged solutions yield near optimal guidance over the entire span of the training range, and iii) they can be used as feedback controllers though trained off-line. A main contribution is that we establish a direct link between traditional optimal control …

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Radiative Heating In Scramjet Combustors, Harlan F. Nelson Jan 1996

Radiative Heating In Scramjet Combustors, Harlan F. Nelson

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Currently, there is considerable interest in scramjet engines for hypersonic aircraft and missiles. This paper presents preliminary calculations of the radiative heating of the walls of scramjet combustion chambers. The analysis assumes isothermal, constant property flow fields which are representative of actual combustor flow fields. The fuel is H2 and N2 is taken as inert. Temperature in the combustor is on the order of 2000 to 3000 K and pressure is of the order of 5 atm. The combustion products consist mainly of H2O and OH. These gases are strong radiators in the infrared. Radiation heating can be significant because …

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Heat Transfer In Two-Phase Solid-Rocket Plumes, Harlan F. Nelson, John C. Fields Jan 1996

Heat Transfer In Two-Phase Solid-Rocket Plumes, Harlan F. Nelson, John C. Fields

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Results of a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and free molecule (FM) analysis of convective heat transfer to Al2O3 particles in solid-rocket plume environments are presented. The particle diameters are assumed to be 4μm, and the plume gases are CO2, H2O, CO, and N2. The plume gas temperature is 2000 K. Particle temperatures of 1500, 2000, and 2500 K are investigated for Knudsen numbers from 1/2 to 1000 (from slip flow to FM flow). The Nusselt number is presented in terms of Knudsen number and Reynolds number (or relative velocity). Both the Kavanau and the Kashmarov and Svirshevskii correlations generally …

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Global Characteristics And Structure Of Hydrogen-Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames, J. Zhao, Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac, G. L. Pellett Jan 1996

Global Characteristics And Structure Of Hydrogen-Air Counterflow Diffusion Flames, J. Zhao, Kakkattukuzhy M. Isaac, G. L. Pellett

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A model based on similarity transformation, for the nitrogen-diluted, H2-air opposed-jet laminar counterflow diffusion flame (CFDF), was developed independently of earlier models, and numerically solved to study flame location and flame structure and extinction limits. Numerical stiffness is handled by a special treatment of the species production term. Flame location with respect to the stagnation plane is identified as an important parameter that governs H2-air diffusion flames, and physical explanations are given to show how flame location is affected by fuel dilution, strain rate, and Lewis number. Results show very good agreement with experimental extinction conditions. The effect of thermal …

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Non-Axisymmetric Matrix Cracking And Interface Debonding With Friction In Ceramic Composites, F. S. Ji, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani Jan 1996

Non-Axisymmetric Matrix Cracking And Interface Debonding With Friction In Ceramic Composites, F. S. Ji, Lokeswarappa R. Dharani

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An three-dimensional analytical model based on the principle of minimum potential energy is developed and applied to determine the stress state in a discrete fiber/matrix composite cylinder subjected to axial tensile loading in the fiber direction and containing a non-symmetric transverse matrix crack and an interface debond. The friction over the debonded interface is incorporated into the analysis. The strain energy release rates associated with the matrix crack and the interface debonding under the combination of the applied load and the interface frictional force are computed. The strain energy release rate criterion has been employed to evaluate the critical applied …

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Method And Apparatus For Applying Herbicides, Marian Mazurkiewicz Jan 1996

Method And Apparatus For Applying Herbicides, Marian Mazurkiewicz

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A method of applying herbicide to plants involves delivering a liquid herbicide solution to the plant foliage in a high pressure jet of sufficient energy to physically disrupt the surface of the foliage. The high pressure jet can be either a coherent jet or it can be a stream of droplets. The coherent stream can have sufficient energy to cut the foliage, creating new surfaces that are more wettable by the herbicide solution, and more susceptible to penetration by the herbicide in the solution. The droplets in the droplet stream can be made to be of sufficient size and energy …

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Neutron Diffraction And Magnetic Studies Of Nd₂Fe₁₇₋ₓtₓ (T=Si, Mn) Alloys, William B. Yelon, Z. Hu, Mingxing Chen, H. Luo, F. Pourarian, Peter C. Ezekwenna, G. K. Marasinghe, K. H. J. Buschow, D. P. Middleton, William Joseph James Jan 1996

Neutron Diffraction And Magnetic Studies Of Nd₂Fe₁₇₋ₓtₓ (T=Si, Mn) Alloys, William B. Yelon, Z. Hu, Mingxing Chen, H. Luo, F. Pourarian, Peter C. Ezekwenna, G. K. Marasinghe, K. H. J. Buschow, D. P. Middleton, William Joseph James

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have carried out neutron and magnetic studies on Nd2Fe17-xTx (T=Si, Mn) alloys. the unit cell of the compounds contracts with both Si and Mn substitution. Si atoms avoid the 6c site, prefer the 18h site strongly, fill the 9d site steadily and fill the 18f site only at relatively high Si concentration. Mn atoms avoid the 9d sites but prefer the 6c site strongly, while the 18f site and 18h site fill slowly. the Si site occupancies appear to be dominated by the crystal environment while the Mn site occupancies are dominated by steric …

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Quantum Version Of A Spherical Model: Crossover From Quantum To Classical Critical Behavior, Thomas Vojta Jan 1996

Quantum Version Of A Spherical Model: Crossover From Quantum To Classical Critical Behavior, Thomas Vojta

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We investigate a quantum version of the spherical model which is obtained from the classical Berlin-Kac spherical model by a simple canonical quantization scheme. We find a complete solution of the model for short-range as well as for long-range interactions. At finite temperatures the critical behavior is the same as in the classical spherical model whereas at zero temperature we find a quantum phase transition characterized by new critical exponents. Based on a functional-integral representation of the partition function the free energy of the model is shown to be equivalent to that of the nonlinear σ model in the limit …

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Collective Behavior Of Electrons Emitted In Multiply Ionizing Collisions Of 5.9 Mev/U U⁶⁵⁺ With Ne, M. Unverzagt, R. Moshammer, W. Schmitt, Ronald E. Olson, P. Jardin, V. Mergel, J. Ullrich, H. Schmidt-Böcking Jan 1996

Collective Behavior Of Electrons Emitted In Multiply Ionizing Collisions Of 5.9 Mev/U U⁶⁵⁺ With Ne, M. Unverzagt, R. Moshammer, W. Schmitt, Ronald E. Olson, P. Jardin, V. Mergel, J. Ullrich, H. Schmidt-Böcking

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The collective behavior of up to six target electrons emitted in a single collision of 5.9 MeV/u U65+ with Ne was investigated using high-resolution recoil-ion momentum spectroscopy. With an increasing number of ejected electrons the recoil ions are increasingly scattered into the backward direction, providing evidence that the electrons are emitted into the forward hemisphere. Their mean longitudinal sum energy varies from about 5 eV for single ionization up to 1.1 keV for Ne6+. Experimental recoil-ion momentum distributions are in excellent agreement with results of classical many-particle calculations. © 1996 The American Physical Society.

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Measurements Of Recoil And Projectile Momentum Distributions For 19-Mev [Formula Presented] + Ne Collisions, V. Frohne, S. Cheng, R. M. Ali, M. L.A. Raphaelian, C. L. Cocke, Ronald E. Olson Jan 1996

Measurements Of Recoil And Projectile Momentum Distributions For 19-Mev [Formula Presented] + Ne Collisions, V. Frohne, S. Cheng, R. M. Ali, M. L.A. Raphaelian, C. L. Cocke, Ronald E. Olson

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The collision system of 19-MeV [Formula Presented] on Ne has been studied using recoil and projectile momentum spectroscopy. For each event, identified by final recoil and projectile charge state, the three-dimensional momentum vector of the recoil ion and the transverse momentum vector of the projectile ion were measured. The transverse momenta of the recoil and projectile ions were found to be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, indicating that the transverse momentum exchange is dominated by interactions between the two ion cores. The transverse momentum distributions are well described by nCTMC calculations. The longitudinal momentum distributions of the recoil …

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