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1996

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Fusing Economic And Environmental Policy: The Need For Framework Laws In The United States And Argentina, John R. Nolon Jan 1996

Fusing Economic And Environmental Policy: The Need For Framework Laws In The United States And Argentina, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

In an effort to discover the best legal strategies to respond to these new challenges, seminars were conducted among experts in economic development and environmental protection in both the United States and Argentina. The observations and recommendations of these experts have been summarized and published and will be referenced as appropriate. This article attempts to synthesize what was learned in these two seminars, the research conducted in preparation for them, and the ongoing discussion among the participants. It begins with a summary of the forces in both countries that call for a change in the legal system, shows how these …

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Plants And Politics: The International Legal Regime Concerning Biotechnology And Biodiversity, Klaus Bosselmann Jan 1996

Plants And Politics: The International Legal Regime Concerning Biotechnology And Biodiversity, Klaus Bosselmann

Colorado Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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The Song Of The Dodo: Island Biogeography In An Age Of Extinctions, By David Quammen, Andrew C. Mergen Jan 1996

The Song Of The Dodo: Island Biogeography In An Age Of Extinctions, By David Quammen, Andrew C. Mergen

Colorado Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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The European Union's Steel Leghold Trap Ban: Animal Cruelty Legislation In Conflict With International Trade, Gillian Dale Jan 1996

The European Union's Steel Leghold Trap Ban: Animal Cruelty Legislation In Conflict With International Trade, Gillian Dale

Colorado Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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Hazardous Materials, J. Andrew Lawson Jan 1996

Hazardous Materials, J. Andrew Lawson

Colorado Environmental Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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The Ethics Of Empowerment: Rethinking The Role Of Lawyers In Interviewing And Counseling The Child Client, Katherine Hunt Federle Jan 1996

The Ethics Of Empowerment: Rethinking The Role Of Lawyers In Interviewing And Counseling The Child Client, Katherine Hunt Federle

Fordham Law Review

No abstract provided.

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End Results And Starting Points: Expanding The Field Of Disability Studies, Elaine Makas Phd, Lynn Schlesinger Phd Jan 1996

End Results And Starting Points: Expanding The Field Of Disability Studies, Elaine Makas Phd, Lynn Schlesinger Phd

Faculty, Staff, and Alumni Books

The chapters in this book are extended abstracts of some of the presentations given during the June 23-25, 1994, annual meeting of the Society for Disability Studies held in Rockville, MD.

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Problem-Based Learning: A Practical Process For A More Promising Future, Angie Ryken Jan 1996

Problem-Based Learning: A Practical Process For A More Promising Future, Angie Ryken

Presidential Scholars Theses (1990 – 2006)

A perpetual issue m American society is that of the comprehensive goal of its educational system. A prevailing conviction among researchers, teachers, lawmakers, and parents is that the purpose of this country's schools is to cultivate effective thinking in students. In a society that exhibits complex and threatening problems, noted Raymond Nickerson , we cannot afford not to develop good thinking (Baron & Sternberg, 1987).

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Humboldt County's Participation In World War Ii, C. Andrew Mcguffin Jan 1996

Humboldt County's Participation In World War Ii, C. Andrew Mcguffin

Charles R. Barnum History Award Papers

No abstract provided.

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Children's Hospital Magazine Jan 1996

Children's Hospital Magazine

Children’s Hospital Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Children's Hospital Magazine Jan 1996

Children's Hospital Magazine

Children’s Hospital Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Connective Tissueiacidic Phosphate Preblends In Low Fat, High Added-Water Frankfurters, Christi Calhoun, Scott Eilert, Roger W. Mandigo Jan 1996

Connective Tissueiacidic Phosphate Preblends In Low Fat, High Added-Water Frankfurters, Christi Calhoun, Scott Eilert, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Preblending modified beef connective tissue with an acidic phosphate has been shown to increase collagen solubility of the connective tissue. Increased collagen solubility may improve the textural properties and other characteristics of the final product to which the preblend is added. The objective of this research was to determine the effects on product quality of adding an acidic phosphate/ connective tissue preblend to low-fat, high added-water frankfurters. Product analyses included proximate composition, emulsion stability, yield, pH, collagen solubility, purge loss, color, objective texture and consumer acceptance. Preblending modified connective tissue with acidic phosphate provided few textural or yield advantages to …

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Winter Temperatures May Affect Calf Birth Weights, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson Jan 1996

Winter Temperatures May Affect Calf Birth Weights, Dave Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Calving difficulty incurred by 2-year-old heifers is a major problem. Research has shown the basic cause is a disproportion between the calf size at birth (birth weight) and the heifer's birth canal (pelvic area). Several factors affect calf birth weight. including genetics of sire and dam, dam nutrition, calf sex and climatic conditions. Weather conditions may have a significant effect on calf birth weight. When a pregnant animal is exposed to cold temperatures, blood is concentrated internally to maintain its core body temperature. Therefore. during prolonged periods of cold weather, the fetus may receive more nutrition because more blood flows …

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Mechanically Recovered Neck Bone Lean Alters Textural And Sensory Properties Of Ground Beef Patties, Brian Demos, Roger W. Mandigo Jan 1996

Mechanically Recovered Neck Bone Lean Alters Textural And Sensory Properties Of Ground Beef Patties, Brian Demos, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Beef neck bones are one part of a carcass that can yield a substantial quantity of lean trim. Typically, neck bones are trimmed by hand. This is a labor intensive process that can lead to high levels of ergonomic stress if performed for an extended period of time. This process can also be inefficient. leaving salvageable lean on the bone.

Mechanical systems that recover lean tissue from beef cervical vertebrae portions have been introduced. These systems allow rapid, efficient recovery of lean tissue by hydraulic pressure with minimal bone breakage. temperature rise or increase in calcium content. Lean tissue is …

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Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Bovine Liver Biops And Whole Liver, David Hickok, Michael Carlson, Dennis R. Brink, Norm Schneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson Jan 1996

Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Bovine Liver Biops And Whole Liver, David Hickok, Michael Carlson, Dennis R. Brink, Norm Schneider, Gene H. Deutscher, Pete Olson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Liver biopsies are used to assess trace element status of cattle for diagnostic and experimental purposes and generally provide better information than serum samples. Liver tissue collected at necropsy or slaughter is also used. The liver usually serves as the storage site for minerals. Serum concentrations may be maintained within adequate concentration ranges, at the sacrifice of liver mineral stores. If animals are receiving insufficient mineral, but have not yet depleted their liver stores enough to significantly lower the serum concentration, analysis of serum will be misleading. But analysis of liver biopsy samples may detect low liver trace element status. …

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Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Sandhills Meadow Hay, David Hickok, Dennis Bauer, Dennis R. Brink, Michael Carlson, Norm Schneider Jan 1996

Multi-Elemental Analysis Of Sandhills Meadow Hay, David Hickok, Dennis Bauer, Dennis R. Brink, Michael Carlson, Norm Schneider

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Traditionally, ranches in the Sandhills of Nebraska feed meadow hay to cows during the winter. Trace element composition of meadow hay varies. To determine if, when and where trace element supplementation is necessary, it is important to characterize the trace element concentrations in the hay. If the variation in trace element content of hay among location and years can be predicted ranch managers and advisors may develop appropriate strategies for sampling hay and preventing trace element deficiencies. Our objective was to develop a data base of trace element content of meadow hay from various locations over two years. The data …

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Grazing: An Alternative To Haying Subirrigated Meadows In The Nebraska Sandhills, Marc Horney, Don C. Adams, Walter H. Schacht, Steven S. Waller, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 1996

Grazing: An Alternative To Haying Subirrigated Meadows In The Nebraska Sandhills, Marc Horney, Don C. Adams, Walter H. Schacht, Steven S. Waller, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Subirrigated meadow in the Nebraska Sandhills are used extensively for hay production. Hay harvest takes place in late June through July, generally after the forage has reached full maturity. Crude protein content of this hay commonly falls in the range of 6 to 8%. This is below the nutritional requirement of lactating cows that are often fed this hay until the native range is ready for grazing in late May/early June. Harvesting hay at an earlier maturity would improve its nutritive value, but is not an option on some meadows because much of the surface remains saturated well into the …

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Treated Meat And Bone Meal And Rumen Protected Methionine And Tryptophan For Growing Calves, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 1996

Treated Meat And Bone Meal And Rumen Protected Methionine And Tryptophan For Growing Calves, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

To optimize production in growing calves, escape protein is often supplemented to meet the animal's metabolizable protein requirement. Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a rendered animal byproduct often used as a source of escape protein. However, previous studies have shown a lower protein efficiency for MBM relative to blood meal. This has been attributed to the escape protein and/or amino acid composition of MBM being inadequate to the specific needs of the growing calf. Collagen, which can comprise a fraction of MBM protein, contains negligible amounts of the essential amino acids methionine and tryptophan.

Recent research has identified methionine …

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Use Of A Metabolizable Protein System To Predict Deficiencies In Diets Of Cattle Grazing Sandhill Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jim Lamb Jan 1996

Use Of A Metabolizable Protein System To Predict Deficiencies In Diets Of Cattle Grazing Sandhill Native Range And Subirrigated Meadow, Greg Lardy, Don C. Adams, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Jim Lamb

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Many Sandhills ranches have two distinctly different forage resource bases: native upland range and subirrigated meadow. These two sites have different grass species composition and different plant growth characteristics. Familiarity with the nutritional composition of these sites is a valuable management tool for cattle producers in the Sandhills. The grazing animal has the ability to select a diet that is higher in nutritive value than would be obtained by analyzing clipped samples of the same pasture. The use of esophageally-fistulated animals to sample pastures gives the best estimate of the animal's diet.

A metabolizable protein system (NRC, 1985) expresses protein …

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Composting - A Feedlot Waste Management Alternative, Gary Lesoing, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Daniel Duncan Jan 1996

Composting - A Feedlot Waste Management Alternative, Gary Lesoing, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Daniel Duncan

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Implementation of nitrogen management plans by Natural Resource Districts may require feedlots to evaluate the environmental soundness of their waste management plans. Composting may be a manure management system that can provide a method of using the nutrients in feedlot manure as a resource in an environmentally sound manner. Composting is an aerobic (oxygen requiring) decomposition of organic matters. such as manure, by microorganisms. Composting has been shown to provide many benefits. Moisture content and volume of composted feedlot manure are reduced 50% compared with raw feedlot manure. This improves handling and requires fewer trips to the field when applied …

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Effect Of Sorghum And Cornstalk Grazing On Crop Production, Gary Lesoing, Mark A. Schroeder, Drew Shain, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James A. Gosey Jan 1996

Effect Of Sorghum And Cornstalk Grazing On Crop Production, Gary Lesoing, Mark A. Schroeder, Drew Shain, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James A. Gosey

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crop residues remaining after harvest are an important feed resource for the cattle. While many of the 1.8 million head of beef cows and many calves in Nebraska graze harvested fields during the winter months, little information is available on the effect of grazing on subsequent residue cover or crop yields. Beginning in the fall of 1992, experiments were begun at several different sites on the Integrated Crop/ Livestock Farm at the Agricultural Research and Development Center to study the effect of cattle grazing crop residues on subsequent crop yields, residue cover, and soil compaction.

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Manipulation Of Microbial Protein Degradation In The Rumen: Development Of The "Smugglin Concept" To Control Protein Digestion, Humberto Madeira, Mark Morrison Jan 1996

Manipulation Of Microbial Protein Degradation In The Rumen: Development Of The "Smugglin Concept" To Control Protein Digestion, Humberto Madeira, Mark Morrison

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

It has been estimated that as much as 25% of the protein fed to grazing and forage-fed animals is wasted due to its rapid degradation by the rumen microorganisms. Therefore. from an economic and environmental perspective, the nitrogen cycle of intensive livestock systems could be managed more effectively. Compounds such as ionophores can reduce ruminal ammonia production, but their anti-bacterial effects are too broad for its widespread use with grazing and forage-fed livestock. Another strategy to manipulate the activities of rumen bacteria responsible for protein degradation is the "smugglin concept". The "smugglin concept" involves the selective inhibition of microorganisms by …

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Effect Of Energy Source And Escape Protein On Receiving And Finishing Performance And Health Of Calves, Rob Mccoy, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud, Gene White Jan 1996

Effect Of Energy Source And Escape Protein On Receiving And Finishing Performance And Health Of Calves, Rob Mccoy, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud, Gene White

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Large-frame calves are well suited to a production system in which finishing begins shortly after weaning. Compared with yearlings. calves are less mature and deposit more lean tissue relative to fat when placed in the feedlot. Therefore. the need for metabolizable protein is greater with calves.

Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) has been shown to be an excellent energy source in beef cattle diets. Compared with dry rolled corn (DRC), WCGF is higher in crude protein, but the escape protein value of WCGF is substantially lower (60 vs 20%). Previous research (1995 Nebraska Beef Report, pp. 28- 30) showed supplemental …

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Beef Production Systems From Weaning To Slaughter In Western Nebraska, Cynthia Morris, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt Jan 1996

Beef Production Systems From Weaning To Slaughter In Western Nebraska, Cynthia Morris, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Numerous alternatives exist for feeding and managing weaned medium-frame steers to slaughter. Efficiency of beef production includes the total growing and finishing period. Often economics of production only considers a single part of the production systems. As a consequence one segment of the industry may make decisions based on maximum profit while they own or manage an animal that may adversely effect the profit of a subsequent owner. possibly causing overall economic efficiency to be lowered. For example, cost per pound of gain is usually lower when calves are wintered at a relatively fast rate of gain and consequently feedlot …

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Gelatinized High Added-Water Beef Connective Tissue Protein Gels As Potential Water Binders, Wesley N. Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo Jan 1996

Gelatinized High Added-Water Beef Connective Tissue Protein Gels As Potential Water Binders, Wesley N. Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Research in fat reduction of processed meats has recognized problems associated with removal of fat: toughness, rubbery texture, lack of flavor and juiciness, and a darker color. Regardless of the importance of diet and health issues to consumers, low-fat products will not be purchased if they have unacceptable palatability or appearance. Current technologies for fat replacement include the addition of water, protein-based, carbohydrate-based, or synthetic compounds, alone or in combination. The addition and retention of water by these fat replacers is effective in improving the palatability attributes of low-fat meat products. Beef connective tissue (BCT), a byproduct of desinewing operations, …

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Cellulose Adherence Factors In Ruminococcus Albus, Randall Pegden, Mark Morrison Jan 1996

Cellulose Adherence Factors In Ruminococcus Albus, Randall Pegden, Mark Morrison

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Grazing and forage-fed animals depend upon the rumen microorganisms’ ability to breakdown polysaccharides present in the leaf and stems of plants. The rate and extent of this breakdown has a major impact on animal nutrition, therefore understanding the mechanics of this process offers the potential to optimize and further improve animal performance. The limited published studies to-date suggest that: 1) colonization and adherence by some rumen bacteria are specific in nature and: 2) adherence can be modified by nutrients and growth conditions, such as ruminal pH. Better understanding and future improvements of fiber digestion in the rumen will be afforded …

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Evaluation Of Levels Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Addition Of Tallow, Chris Richards, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 1996

Evaluation Of Levels Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Addition Of Tallow, Chris Richards, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) is a byproduct of the wet corn milling industry and contains 90 to 110% of the relative energy value of corn in finishing diets. Wet corn gluten feed (Cargill) contains higher levels of protein (20%). phosphorus (1.0%). and potassium (1.2%) than corn. Wet corn gluten feed is higher in lumen degradable (80 vs 40%) and lower in escape protein (20 vs 60%) when compared with corn. The lipid contents of WCGF and corn are similar, at 5%.

Wet distillers byproducts (wet grains and thin stillage) are byproducts of the dry milling industry and have been …

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Effects Of Bovatec, Rumensin Or Gainpro Fed To Yearling Summer Grazing Steers, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt Jan 1996

Effects Of Bovatec, Rumensin Or Gainpro Fed To Yearling Summer Grazing Steers, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Studies of beef production systems often indicate profitability can be increased in calf growing and feeding programs if yearling cattle are grazed at least during part of the growing phase. If yearling cattle are grazed on summer range, it is important that the summer gain be as efficient and economical as possible. The use of implants and ionophores can improve gain in grazing cattle. A feed additive, bainbermycins (GainPro™), has been released for the purpose of improving weight gain in cattle, especially in those consuming high roughage diets. Data from practical grazing conditions are limited with bambermycins so the objective …

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Feeding Value Of Light-Test Weight Corn For Growing And Finishing Steers, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt Jan 1996

Feeding Value Of Light-Test Weight Corn For Growing And Finishing Steers, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

When a corn growing season is not long or warm enough for corn to reach full maturity, the test weight can fall substantially below the standard. Currently the top market price is based on No. 2 corn, which in the U.S. is 54 lb per bu. Most grain dealers and beef feedlot operators will discount the corn price by increments as test weights fall below the standard U.S. No. 2, indicating that feed value is less. However. feeding trials over the years with light-test weight corn in poultry and swine diets and with grain sorghum fed to cattle have generally …

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Roughage Source And Particle Size In Finishing Diets, Drew Shain, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud Jan 1996

Roughage Source And Particle Size In Finishing Diets, Drew Shain, Rick Stock, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

When compared to an all concentrate diet, roughage addition (5 to 15% of diet DM) stimulates intake, chewing, rumination and possibly particulate and liquid outflow from the rumen. Roughage addition. therefore. reduces acidosis by diluting concentrate intake and/ or increasing salivation and buffering capacity of the rumen.

Alfalfa hay is a commonly fed roughage source. If the use of the fiber fraction within alfalfa roughage is to simply dilute concentrate intake and help prevent acidosis, then any fiber source fed at a similar NDF level should respond similarly to alfalfa hay.

Particle size plays a major role in determining ruminal …

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