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The Rhetoric Of Airline Safety After Major Incidents, Martyna Wojcik May 2026

The Rhetoric Of Airline Safety After Major Incidents, Martyna Wojcik

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Airline accidents are pivotal events that not only test the safety frameworks of the aviation industry but also challenge how airlines manage their public image. Rhetoric by airlines in the wake of major incidents plays a vital role in setting public perception about airline safety and corporate accountability. Airlines respond differently to accidents and use different strategies to manage public perception, influenced by whether the crash stemmed from human error or technical failure. This research investigates three study cases: the Germanwings Flight 9525, Lion Air Flight 610, and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 crashes for interpreting how airlines frame crisis discourse …

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Cerpa: A Cost-Effective Retarding Potential Analyzer For Cubesat And Sounding Rocket Platforms, Megan Soll, Johnathon Bizzano, Harley Goulet, Ethan Fajardo May 2026

Cerpa: A Cost-Effective Retarding Potential Analyzer For Cubesat And Sounding Rocket Platforms, Megan Soll, Johnathon Bizzano, Harley Goulet, Ethan Fajardo

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Understanding plasma dynamics in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is critical for atmospheric studies and space mission planning. Retarding Potential Analyzers (RPAs) provide valuable plasma diagnostics by measuring ion energy distributions, offering broader plasma state characterization compared to Langmuir probes, albeit with some trade-offs in precision. This senior design project aims to develop a cost-effective RPA (CERPA) that is rapidly producible and multi platform optimized for CubeSats, sounding rockets, and laboratory plasma chambers. This effort builds on the existing Mid-Area RPA from Plasma Controls, with a focus on developing a new electrical system and miniaturizing the sensor body to meet spaceflight …

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Genetic Scheduling Algorithm For Pilots, Owen Mudgett May 2026

Genetic Scheduling Algorithm For Pilots, Owen Mudgett

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Scheduling is an intricate problem that encompasses fields like nursing, first responders and pilots. A private company that flies a fleet of 270 jets is looking to improve their current schedule-generating process. This project aims to make a genetic algorithm capable of fast generation of optimized schedules for the company’s pilots. The goal of such an algorithm is to have schedules that both meet work demands while also prioritizing preferences and happiness of the pilots being scheduled. Research on the topic of scheduling algorithms was placed on examples such as the nurse scheduling problem, as many techniques from these types …

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“Keep Them Flying” - A Work Analysis Of A Usaf Logistics Ssgt And Associated Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Donald Seeterlin May 2026

“Keep Them Flying” - A Work Analysis Of A Usaf Logistics Ssgt And Associated Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Donald Seeterlin

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This case study analyzed ergonomic concerns within the field of logistics in the United States Air Force using Alberto, a 27-year-old Staff Sergeant. Alberto is a physically fit individual who experiences consistent lumbar and knee pain resulting from his job duties. A work analysis included a hierarchical task analysis, the Body Part Discomfort Survey, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), the Moore-Garg Strain Index (MGSI), and a Psychosocial Factors Analysis. Analysis revealed an extremely poor working environment which is conducive to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) and burnout. Based on these findings and current literature the following recommendations were made: The …

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Ergonomic Risk Assessment Of Drywall Installer, Holden Campbell May 2026

Ergonomic Risk Assessment Of Drywall Installer, Holden Campbell

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This research explores the ergonomic risks associated with drywall installation, focusing on Bill Campbell, a retired drywall installer who developed bursitis in his shoulder due to repetitive lifting, awkward bending and overhead work. His occupation required carrying heavy drywall panels, climbing ladders and maintaining uncomfortable postures for extended periods of time. Using two ergonomic risk assessment tools: the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and the NIOSH Lifting Equation. A score of 12 on the REBA analysis indicated a strong likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to extreme posture and heavy lifting. Furthermore, the NIOSH Lifting Equation revealed a lifting index …

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The Risks Of Working As A Delivery Driver: A Case Study, Mackenzie Seaman May 2026

The Risks Of Working As A Delivery Driver: A Case Study, Mackenzie Seaman

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Sometimes, the workplace has demanding tasks that may not fit the person working on them. This case study follows S., a retired veteran, during his work as a delivery driver for Keurig Dr. Pepper, where he faces significant physical demands. He was meant to deliver 21,000 pounds of soda to many different stores per day, often by himself. Additionally, his job required long hours, repetitive movements, and high exertion despite his lean build. Using anthropometric analysis, a Body Discomfort Survey, and workload assessments, it was found that most of the tasks S. was required to perform were too anthropometrically challenging …

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The Global Consequences Of Illegal Trafficking In East Africa, Kaitlynn Baker May 2026

The Global Consequences Of Illegal Trafficking In East Africa, Kaitlynn Baker

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Illegal wildlife trafficking poses significant threats to health, economies, and ecosystems worldwide. Currently, illegal wildlife trafficking holds a strong occurrence in the East African region. The region's biodiversity is increasingly endangered by poaching and illicit trade for elephant ivory, rhino horns, and other animals. This not only depletes wildlife populations but raises the risk of zoonotic diseases that can spread and hurt human health. This project aims to explore and further understand the horrific implications illegal wildlife trafficking, specifically in East Africa, can have on the United States’ national security by focusing on the areas of health, the economy, and …

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Variable Geometry Turbochargers (Vgt) In High Performance Vehicle Engines, Kate T. Nealon May 2026

Variable Geometry Turbochargers (Vgt) In High Performance Vehicle Engines, Kate T. Nealon

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This research explores the functionality and advantages of Variable Geometry Turbochargers (VGT) in optimizing turbine efficiency across different engine RPMs, with a focus on their applications in Formula 1, endurance racing, and performance road cars. VGTs utilize adjustable vanes within the turbine housing, allowing real-time adaptation to varying exhaust gas flow conditions. By adjusting the vane angle, VGTs minimize turbo lag at low RPMs by increasing exhaust gas velocity and maximize turbine efficiency at higher RPMs by widening the vane angle for greater exhaust flow. This dynamic adjustment provides significant improvements in engine responsiveness, power delivery, and fuel efficiency. The …

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Enhanced Water Safety Device, Lucia Westgate May 2026

Enhanced Water Safety Device, Lucia Westgate

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Watercraft-related accidents, particularly kayaking incidents, contribute significantly to injuries and fatalities worldwide. Capsizing poses a critical risk, often leaving individuals unable to call for help due to isolation or disorientation. This research presents the development of an Enhanced Water Safety Device (EWSD), a compact, autonomous distress detection and alert system designed to improve kayaker safety. Utilizing an embedded accelerometer, the device detects sudden, unplanned motion indicative of a capsize event and triggers an immediate emergency response. The system activates an audible and visual alarm, releases the mounting system, and transmits real-time GPS location data to nearby volunteers via radio transmission. …

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Wind Turbines And There Effects On The Energy Industry, Jonathan Gildersleeve May 2026

Wind Turbines And There Effects On The Energy Industry, Jonathan Gildersleeve

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Wind energy is a key component of the renewable energy transition, with different turbine designs offering unique advantages and challenges. This report examines the strengths and weaknesses of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) and vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in terms of efficiency, cost, durability, and suitability for various environments. HAWTs are widely used due to their high efficiency and scalability, but they require strong, consistent winds and complex maintenance. VAWTs, on the other hand, operate efficiently in turbulent wind conditions and require less maintenance but typically produce lower power outputs. The type of wind turbine used in a given project has …

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The Rankine Cycle In Energy Production, Kalani Hayden May 2026

The Rankine Cycle In Energy Production, Kalani Hayden

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The Rankine cycle serves as the fundamental thermodynamic cycle for steam power plants, which generate approximately 85% of the world's electricity. This closed-loop process converts thermal energy into mechanical work through four key stages: compression, heat addition, expansion, and heat rejection. Water is pressurized by a pump, heated to create superheated steam in a boiler, expanded through a turbine to generate electricity, and finally condensed back to liquid state to restart the cycle. Modern implementations have evolved to include modifications such as reheat cycles, regenerative cycles, and supercritical operations, all designed to improve thermal efficiency beyond the base cycle's typical …

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Quantifying Lora Telemetry Performance: Best Practices For Long-Range, High-Speed Communication In Versatile Systems, With A Focus On Avionics, Samuil Nikolov May 2026

Quantifying Lora Telemetry Performance: Best Practices For Long-Range, High-Speed Communication In Versatile Systems, With A Focus On Avionics, Samuil Nikolov

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This research aims to systematically quantify the performance of a custom-built RF flight computer utilizing the 433 MHz HAM radio band with the LoRa protocol. Having demonstrated reliable high-speed telemetry at 15 Hz in a real-world flight environment—far exceeding the capabilities of commercial alternatives—this system presents a unique opportunity to establish best practices for optimizing LoRa communication in extreme conditions. The study focuses on evaluating various antenna configurations and transmission parameters to determine their impact on range, bandwidth, and signal integrity. By conducting controlled range tests and flight experiments, we will assess how well the Free-Space Path Loss (FSPL) equation …

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Uas Remote Sensing In Urban Areas Critical Analysis Briefing, Christopher Chandler, John Glorieux May 2026

Uas Remote Sensing In Urban Areas Critical Analysis Briefing, Christopher Chandler, John Glorieux

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are revolutionizing the world one field of work at a time. Urban remote sensing is a key area where these tools are making significant advancements. This briefing examines the current state of UAS remote sensing in urban environments, assessing technological capabilities, ever-evolving regulatory frameworks, and operational challenges. A detailed literature review was conducted to establish the current state of the field, providing a foundation for forecasting its evolution over the next two to three years and beyond. Through this comprehensive review, the briefing provides a forward-looking perspective on the role of UAS remote sensing in shaping …

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Preliminary Design Of Hybrid-Electric Stol Aircraft With Multi-Mission Capabilities, Nnamdi Adi, Luke Behringer, Gabriel De Oliveria, Dylan Nagowski, Paul Koffi May 2026

Preliminary Design Of Hybrid-Electric Stol Aircraft With Multi-Mission Capabilities, Nnamdi Adi, Luke Behringer, Gabriel De Oliveria, Dylan Nagowski, Paul Koffi

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This project focuses on the preliminary design of a hybrid-electric aircraft with short takeoff and landing (STOL) capabilities tailored for the rapidly expanding hybrid-electric market. This aircraft distinguishes itself from its competition through multi-mission capabilities, distributed electric propulsion (DEP) for quiet takeoff and landing, and advanced safety systems. The geometric design was developed using computer-aided design (CAD). The development of weight, lift, drag, and thrust models dictated the aircraft's performance characteristics while stability and control models were derived from the geometric design. Iterative refinement of the performance, stability, and geometric design were conducted to meet design requirements set by federal, …

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The Effect Of Finasteride On Parity Rates In Drosophila Melanogaster, Erica Shelton, Dominic Sandell May 2026

The Effect Of Finasteride On Parity Rates In Drosophila Melanogaster, Erica Shelton, Dominic Sandell

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Finasteride, a 5-alpha reductase medication, has been used to treat male pattern baldness and benign prostate hyperplasia and could potentially treat female pattern baldness and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, the drug has the unintentional side effects of erectile dysfunction and infertility. The impact on reproduction in female patients who are taking or have taken finasteride is unknown. Using Drosophila melanogaster as a model, this study was designed to investigate the impact of finasteride on female fly reproduction and their offspring. The female flies in this study will be fed dosage equivalents to human dosages of 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and …

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A Search For Pulsation Among Stars In Wide Binaries, Jacob Becker May 2026

A Search For Pulsation Among Stars In Wide Binaries, Jacob Becker

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

We present preliminary results of our study of periodic pulsations among suspected pulsating stars identified during a search for rotation modulation using NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. A Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis was used to identify pulsation modes and distinguish targets between Delta Scudi, Cepheids, and other types of stellar variability. Where possible, cross-validation with prior published classifications was used to confirm our findings. The goal of this work is to further refine stellar age determinations by comparing the rotation rates and ages determined by asteroseismology (pulsations) to gyrochronology (rotational modulation of light curves). Support from NSF grants AST-1910396, …

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Comparative Analysis And Integration Of Sustainable Fire-Resistant Building Materials For Homes, Aubrey Fixen, Zachary Santiso, Toriahna Thomas May 2026

Comparative Analysis And Integration Of Sustainable Fire-Resistant Building Materials For Homes, Aubrey Fixen, Zachary Santiso, Toriahna Thomas

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The intensity of wildfires in California has increased and led to deterioration of the environment, loss of life and property, and economic concerns due to reconstruction costs and disaster relief efforts. Hence, further study into sustainable fire-resistant building materials for homes is becoming necessary. This research aims to develop a strategy for incorporating sustainable fire resistant materials into building practices in wildfire-prone areas in Los Angeles County, California, as this community has been greatly impacted by the wildfire. To explore this issue, the “Courthouse" sustainability model is used as a framework to analyze and understand the problem, providing insight into …

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Modeling Stellar Interferometry For Hess (High Energy Stereoscopic System) Stars, Gwynlyn Hannah, Debra Bradfield May 2026

Modeling Stellar Interferometry For Hess (High Energy Stereoscopic System) Stars, Gwynlyn Hannah, Debra Bradfield

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The radius of a single star is constrained by a combination of stellar interferometry, which measures the angular size of the star, and the star’s distance, determined from the measured stellar parallax. Many stars hotter than the Sun rapidly rotate and should appear non-circular in the sky. The angular diameters of four stars ( Centauri, Crucis, Sagittarii, and Scorpii) have recently been measured by intensity interferometry using the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) at two wavelength bands, 375 nm and 470 nm (Vogel et al. 2025). Two of the stars, Centauri and Crucis, have the same measured angular size in …

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Addressing Light Pollution On The Embry-Riddle Campus, Ahnika Gee, Maya Curtis, Marcus Flesher, Axon Deadrick, Conner Callahan, Desiree Robinson, Jarrett Usui, Josef Kaelin, Douglas Griswold, Raiden Keefer, Harrison A. Zimmermann, Cole Gresham May 2026

Addressing Light Pollution On The Embry-Riddle Campus, Ahnika Gee, Maya Curtis, Marcus Flesher, Axon Deadrick, Conner Callahan, Desiree Robinson, Jarrett Usui, Josef Kaelin, Douglas Griswold, Raiden Keefer, Harrison A. Zimmermann, Cole Gresham

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University is home to the largest university telescope in Florida. The 1-meter telescope on top of the College of Arts and Sciences (COAS) has the ability to observe more faint and distant objects than any other university in the state. However, these abilities are greatly hindered by light pollution created by the lighting conditions on campus. For several semesters our team has worked to identify the greatest contributors to this light pollution to develop solutions for reduction so that the 1-meter telescope and the data it collects may be best utilized. We use a Unihedron sky quality meter …

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Feasibility Of Mylar As A Replacement For A Primary Mirror In A Reflecting Telescope, Ahnika Gee, Robert Thibodeau, Mario Gutierrez, Emma Show, Quinisha Huggins, Desiree Robinson May 2026

Feasibility Of Mylar As A Replacement For A Primary Mirror In A Reflecting Telescope, Ahnika Gee, Robert Thibodeau, Mario Gutierrez, Emma Show, Quinisha Huggins, Desiree Robinson

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

High-quality parabolic mirrors, essential for reflecting telescopes, are traditionally bulky, expensive, and extremely fragile. This experiment investigates the feasibility of using unconventional mirrors, specifically specular Class B Mylar, as a lightweight and cost-effective alternative. This approach could lead to new methods for telescope design by significantly reducing weight and manufacturing costs while maintaining optical performance. The Mylar sheet is shaped to the necessary curvature by applying a negative pressure, allowing for an adjustable focal length, which is unachievable with conventional glass-aluminum mirrors. This adaptability could enable real-time adjustments directly from the primary mirror, potentially improving telescope versatility. To evaluate the …

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Effects Of Asymmetry On Flow Separation In Overexpanded Nozzles, Grayson Hayes May 2026

Effects Of Asymmetry On Flow Separation In Overexpanded Nozzles, Grayson Hayes

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This project aims to gauge the effects which asymmetry plays on the aerodynamics of an overexpanded nozzle following separation. Individual nozzles are designed for their ideal conditions, under which a uniform supersonic flow will be produced. One of the main conditions for a nozzle is its design Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR). As nozzles stray from their ideal NPR, either above or below, the nozzle flow will become either under- or overexpanded, respectively. Each of these conditions behaves differently. An overexpanded nozzle flow will compress itself to reach equilibrium, resulting in a series of shocks and expansions. An underexpanded nozzle will …

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Application Of 3d Printing For Rapid Prototyping In Composite Material Manufacturing, Giovanni Taurozzi, Grace Barnes, David Smith, John Meyer, Allayne Mckenzie, Taylor Varr May 2026

Application Of 3d Printing For Rapid Prototyping In Composite Material Manufacturing, Giovanni Taurozzi, Grace Barnes, David Smith, John Meyer, Allayne Mckenzie, Taylor Varr

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Rapid prototyping is used by various industries to create a part that is used as a basis from which further models and the final product will be derived. 3D printing has become a popular method to create prototypes due to the simplicity of additive manufacturing and can significantly shorten development time and costs. Past research has analyzed the use of rapid prototyping for metal parts; however, few have investigated the use for composite materials. The purpose of this research is to explore the effectiveness of using 3D printing for manufacturing complex geometries with composite materials. This research utilized a FDM …

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Tardigrade Bio-Exploration Reproduction Research Satellite (Tbearr), Joshua Lozano May 2026

Tardigrade Bio-Exploration Reproduction Research Satellite (Tbearr), Joshua Lozano

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The Tardigrade Bio-ExplorAtion Reproduction Research Satellite (tBEARR) is a 3U CubeSat mission under development by the Embry-Riddle Orbital Research Association (ERORA), an undergraduate research club at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) in Daytona Beach, FL. The mission aims to launch four separate cultures of tardigrades aboard a 3U CubeSat to Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) to study the effects of UV and cosmic radiation on their genetics and cell composition, which may, in turn, affect their reproduction cycle. Tardigrades are microorganisms renowned for their remarkable resilience to extreme conditions, including extreme temperatures, pressures, low-oxygen environments, and extended periods without food or water. Research …

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Bio-Inspired Cybersecurity: Adapting Immune System Strategies For Threat Detection In Autonomous Aerospace Navigation, Leia Spaniak May 2026

Bio-Inspired Cybersecurity: Adapting Immune System Strategies For Threat Detection In Autonomous Aerospace Navigation, Leia Spaniak

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The purpose of this research is to investigate how a biological immune-based response can be employed to create a self-evolving cybersecurity framework for aerospace navigation systems. Specifically, as part of Project SENTINEL, this research identifies key members of dendritic cells (DCs) to understand their mechanisms for detecting diverse varieties of foreign invaders, from malignant bacteria to viral infections. The multi-layered approach of Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in threat detection contributes to the innate immune system by employing a diverse array of generalized and specialized receptors, such as varieties of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs), which can trigger inflammatory …

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Cooperative Aerial And Ground Vehicles Experimental Testbed, Javier Robinson, Harrison A. Zimmermann May 2026

Cooperative Aerial And Ground Vehicles Experimental Testbed, Javier Robinson, Harrison A. Zimmermann

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Heterogeneous multi-agent systems is an emerging area of research in autonomous vehicles due to the unique potential of vehicles with distinct roles to improve efficiency and adaptability. While significant theoretical work exists, most experimental research focuses on cooperation among identical vehicles. The Cooperative Aerial and Ground Vehicle Experimental Testbed (CAGE) seeks to address this gap by developing a platform for testing cooperation between two distinct vehicle models: Bitcraze’s Crazyflie 2.1 quadcopters and K-Team’s Khepera IV ground robots. CAGE includes an enclosed physical environment for safe experimentation with the vehicles, and will grow to include a software library for managing coordination …

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Advanced Manufacturing And Materials Of A Bio-Mimetic Hoof For Space Robotics Applications, Benjamin Heckel May 2026

Advanced Manufacturing And Materials Of A Bio-Mimetic Hoof For Space Robotics Applications, Benjamin Heckel

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

Exploring planetary surfaces presents a major challenge for robotic systems, as traditional wheels and legs often struggle with uneven, unpredictable, and steep terrain. Nature offers a potential solution: mountain goats navigate rough landscapes with ease due to the unique structure and materials of their hooves. This project seeks to develop a robotic hoof that mimics these natural advantages, improving traction, durability, and adaptability for extraterrestrial exploration. To achieve this, the project will focus on selecting materials that closely replicate the composition of an organic hoof. The early prototypes will be printed in 3-D using cost-effective materials, while the final design …

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Robotic Pushing Solutions Based On Surface Type And Object Characteristics, Deanna Paladino May 2026

Robotic Pushing Solutions Based On Surface Type And Object Characteristics, Deanna Paladino

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

The pushability of a robot is useful for manipulating and maneuvering objects that are too large or heavy to grasp. This research presents an analytical and conceptual based study comparing different robotic pushing mechanisms for varying environments and object types. We focus on non-prehensile pushing on an inclined surface, assuming that the robot's base remains stable (no slipping) and the object experiences purely translational motion (no tipping). This research examines the robots ability to effectively move an object through non-prehensile pushing. Many factors are considered when determining which robotic pushing solution works best for a given environment, such as efficiency, …

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Advancing Ferroelectric Self-Healing Composites For Enhanced Energy Storage Efficiency, Cameron Winkel, Cole Walker May 2026

Advancing Ferroelectric Self-Healing Composites For Enhanced Energy Storage Efficiency, Cameron Winkel, Cole Walker

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

As the demand for high-performance materials in energy storage and electronic applications continues to grow, the need for durable, self-healing systems with enhanced energy storage capabilities becomes increasingly important. This project investigates the development of a self healing polymer matrix, reinforced with ferroelectric fillers such as BNT, to create a composite material that combines efficient energy storage with self-repairing functionality. The polymer matrix enables recovery from mechanical damage, while the fillers enhance its ferroelectric properties. By optimizing the interaction between these components, this research aims to develop a material that offers high energy density, long-term reliability, and reduced maintenance needs. …

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Dual-Layer Dielectric Self-Healing Pressure Sensor For Monitoring Bone Health In Microgravity, Rutveek Ingawale May 2026

Dual-Layer Dielectric Self-Healing Pressure Sensor For Monitoring Bone Health In Microgravity, Rutveek Ingawale

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

In recent years, pressure sensing technologies have improved a lot in the aerospace industry, leading to many new applications. Accurate pressure sensing is crucial in space, where even subtle changes in force distribution can provide valuable insights into astronaut health and equipment performance. Prolonged exposure to microgravity during space missions significantly impacts astronauts' musculoskeletal health, particularly bone density, leading to spaceflight osteopenia. Prolonged space travel weakens bones, increasing the risk of fractures. Thus, it is necessitating innovative solutions for monitoring and mitigating bone density loss. This study explores a novel approach to astronaut health monitoring by integrating self-healing polymer (SHP) …

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Multi-Modal Atmospheric Data Collection Using Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors, Kaleb Nails May 2026

Multi-Modal Atmospheric Data Collection Using Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors, Kaleb Nails

Discovery Day - Daytona Beach

This paper presents design and test results from a multi-modal research effort to understand airborne Particulate Matter (PM) distribution. The multi-modal nature includes (a) 1D stationary ground-based measurements, (b) 2D mobile ground-based measurements, and (c) 3D airborne measurements using small Uncrewed Aircraft (sUA). The goal is to improve understanding of particulate matter distribution by extending PM measurements to all three spatial dimensions. Reference Monitors with high accuracy PM measurements are typically heavier and larger than small uncrewed aircraft can carry for extended sampling periods. This drives the use of small, lightweight, low cost, and low power PM sensors. The results …

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