Digital Commons Network^™

Purpose And Objectives Of The Indiana Highway Needs Study, A J. Proctor

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

The Need For Uniformity, Harold L. Michael

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

The Administration Of Justice And Highway Safety, Robert H. Reynolds

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Traffic Engineering And Traffic Safety, A L. Hutchison

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Drainage Funds - Their Application, Accounting And Administration, Henry Chopson

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Preface, Purdue Road School

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Use Of Expected Results Of The Indiana Highway Needs Study, Robert E. Peterson

Purdue Road School

No abstract provided.

Communications System Utilizing Passive Satellites, Robert T. Hart

Space Congress® Proceedings

The era of communications systems utilizing passive satellites was inaugurated by the launch of Echo I in 1960. This was followed by Echo II in 1964. These preliminary experiments have proven system feasibility and indicated deficiencies of the satellite materials and configurations. Echo III will be launched in the spring of 1966 to test the latest available materials.

This paper outlines the history of the passive satellite communications experiments to date and offers solutions to the deficiencies that have been indicated. The solutions include a preview of studies of new materials and satellite configurations. Communications system capability utilizing the proposed …

Combining R&D And Follow-On Production In A Single Contract, John W. Simmons

Space Congress® Proceedings

During the past three years there has been a concentrated effort by the Government to shift from Cost-Plus-Fixed Fee Contracts to Incentive Contracts. The basic purpose of this shift is to put more of the burden of financial risk on the contractor and to reward contractors who successful ly perform on their contracts with higher profits.

Another trend is developingof combining R & D, Production and Logistics Support into a single contract based upon Air Force Secretary Charles "Total Package Concept '.

Since the purpose of these changes is to shift more risks from the Government to the Contractor, the …

The Compatibility Of Value Engineering And Configuration Management, Marvin Wasserman

Space Congress® Proceedings

This report is aimed at management levels responsible for ensuring system compatibility and mission success. The report provides a familiarization with the philosophies of system management and the interrelationships of program management, system engineering, and management tools. Value Engineering and Configuration Management are discussed as the catalysts to be integrated into the management network, thus assuring system compatibility and mission success at the lowest overall cost.

The Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) has openly stated that Configuration Management and Value Engineering are not compatible. This paper is offered in rebuttal to that statement.

A Multipath Simulator For Use In Evaluation Of Spacecraft Ranging And Communication Systems, Arnfinn M. Manders

Space Congress® Proceedings

Tests solely designed to test performance of spacecraft communication and ranging equipment under conditions of severe fading are usually impossible to perform, and when possible they are of too short duration to allow system modification to improve performance.

This paper describes a fading channel simulator which is readily constructed and flexible in operation. By use of this simulator communication and ranging equipment can be tested and optimized for operation during periods of severe fading.

The fading channel simulator described in this paper gives fading rates varying from about 2 to 30 cps.

Frequency and time scaling of the problem can …

Future Trends For Etr Range Control, Lawrence Lerner

Space Congress® Proceedings

Operations at the Eastern Test Range require coordination of instrumentation systems located at many widely separated locations. The workload of the ETR has changed from its original mission of supporting aerodynamic launches to support of ballistic launches and now faces an era of orbital support tasks. This paper discusses the plans for Range Control during the coming era. The observations contained herein represent one school of thought of the many groups that are studying the ETR workload of the present and near future.

Capability Management: An Aproach To Selling Research And Development, Salvatore F. Divita

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper contains a new concept in the approach to marketing R&D capabilities to the Defense/Space market. The concept is based primarily on establishing capability managers as the focal point of the marketing function. It suggests that this is only one of the several new concepts that are needed to meet the challenges of this unique marketplace.

The paper reviews the current approach to selling R&D and tries to relate it to the workings of the marketplace. It points out some of the fundamental shortcomings of the current practice and, in building upon this examination, it goes on to suggest …

Use Of Orbital Radars For Geoscience Investigations, J. W. Rouse Jr., W. P. Waite, R. L. Walters

Space Congress® Proceedings

Studies sponsored by NASA at the University of Kansas in cooperation with several other universities and government research agencies are substantiating the applicability of remote sensing by radar to many fields within the earth sciences, agriculture, and oceanography. 1 The purpose of this paper is to show how the properties of the radar return are used to provide geoscience information.

Global Coverage By Banked Aeroglide Atmospheric Entry, Paul D. Arthur

Space Congress® Proceedings

"Global Coverage" is defined as the capability of an atmospheric entry vehicle to return to any point on the globe following descent from any orbit. Global Coverage is not possible with current aerospace vehicle systems, but advanced lifting systems offer this promise.

Spherical earth analytical results are presented showing a possible bank-speed schedule (the minor circle turn) and the necessary lift-drag ratio for Global Coverage as a function of initial atmospheric entry speed and other relevant parameters. Global Coverage is available for entry at circular speed for L/D > 3.56; for -entry at parabolic entry speed for L/D > 2.34. Comparision with …

Rendezvous Launch Operations Planning, M. J. Goodkind

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper deals with the inception and evolution of the simultaneous launch countdown technique. Furthermore, it explains the implementation of the countdown and recycle plans and how the Martin Company's testing and scheduling of the Gemini Launch Vehicle (GLV) is affected by a rendezvous mission.

Apollo Spacecraft Integrated Checkout Planning, H. C. Goff, J. M. Schabacker

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Apollo pa^loads, Command Module, Service Module, and Lunar Excursion Module require long range integrated checkout planning to assure mutual checkout compatibility and launch vehicle/spacecraft checkout compatibility. This function, performed in support of NASA's Checkout and Test Division of the Manned Spacecraft Center, provides integrated checkout planning on an inter-center and intercontractor level. The end product results in NASA approved checkout flows and activities, in conjunction with their related ground support equipment, which delineate optimized prelaunch checkout operations and requirements. This presentation describes some of the aspects of the integrated checkout planning activity and gives examples of benefits derived from …

Evolution Of Satellite Pfm Encoding Systems From 1960 To 1965, Hosea D. White Jr.

Space Congress® Proceedings

The optimum small scientific satellite system is assumed to be one in which the experimenter designs his sensor to measure the phenomena of interest, mounts it on a spacecraft, and receives a "perfect" master data tape from the ground station in return. Thus much of the experimenter's burden of the electronics design and testing now required on the spacecraft would be eliminated.

Although this optimum concept may never be attained, the purpose of this paper is to show how-over the past 5 years-an attempt to approach it has been made: The PFM encoding system has been expanded to encompass more …

Instrumentation Recorder Specifications And Tests, Glen H. Schulze

Space Congress® Proceedings

Analog instrumentation recorders may be classified according to bandwidth, operational environment and application. Classification extremes are great and given specifications are subject to differences in importance as well as in numerical value. Performance testing, evaluation techniques and system specifying are vastly different and must be designed for the subject application if results are to be productive. The information presented in the following sections has been derived primarily from tests conducted with broadband recording systems. This effort has been directed toward discussion of new measurement techniques advanced by predetection recording requirements at the Eastern Test Range. The goal of this work …

Recovery - Air Force Ballistic Weapons Systems, Michael E. Golder

Space Congress® Proceedings

The postflight recovery of a Ballistic Missile Re-entry Vehicle is perhaps one of the best ways of gathering data to verify the adequacy of design. The data obtained is indisputable.

Since the beginning of re-entry vehicle flight testing, many attempts have been made to recover data that identified performance of the re-entry vehicle while being exposed to an operational flight environment. Telemetered instrumentation has been the mainstay of this need for data, although postflight recovery of the hardware, which would offer final proof of performance has been the desire.

Trying to reach this goal, the Air Force in the past …

The Role Of The Cis-Lunar Libration Point In Lunar Operations, W. Raithel

Space Congress® Proceedings

The purpose of this presentation is to define the advantages which result from the use of the cis-lunar libration point LI as place of departure for descent to the Moon, as parking place for the Command Module and as place of rendezvous after take-off of the Lunar Landing Vehicle (LLV) from the Moon in regard to simplifying operations in lunar space and increasing the chances of success of lunar missions.

The Earth-Moon System contains five points where the initial forces are in exact balance with the gravitational forces from Earth and Moon and which remain in fixed position relative to …

Project High Water - A Test Of An Abort In Space, James A. Lasater, David D. Woodbridge

Space Congress® Proceedings

The two Project High Water experiments have produced optical, ELF, radiofrequency, and radar data essential to understanding the effects of data releases of large quantities of water in the ionosphere. Extensive cross correlations were found between the various frequencies of acquired electromagnetic data. These data have been analyzed and a physical model of the expansion process has been developed. Results of the analyses demonstrate that:

(1) Extremely low temperatures will be generated by the evaporationcondensati on-subli mati on processes. These temperatures will depend upon the type, and quantity of liquid released, and upon the ambient conditions into which the release …

Logic And Control Systems For A Panoramic Television Camera, James A. D'Arcy

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Dielectric-Tape Television Camera, including the subject logic and control system, is being developed for use in a meteorological satellite which will be placed in a polar orbit hundreds of miles above the surface of the Earth. This camera is being developed by the Astro-Electronics Division of RCA for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center under contract NAS5 -2503.

Dielectric tape is a 35-millimeter-wide, transparent plastic material which is covered with a transparent conducting layer of evaporated gold to provide electrical contact with one side of the photoconductor. The gold is coated with a photoconductive layer which is, in turn, …

Air Force Eastern Test Range Central Telemetry Station (Tel-Iv), John L. Gilbert, B. S. Chen

Space Congress® Proceedings

We have had a vast increase in the amount and rate of data telemetered back to the Eastern Test Range from both missiles and manned and unmanned space vehicles over the past few years.

In 1961, as a major part of the Eastern Test Range Telemetry Modernization Program, development of a new Central Telemetry Station at Kennedy Space Center was initiated. It was designated Telemetry Station IV (TEL-IV), The objectives of the new Central Telemetry Station (TEL-IV) have been established as:

1. Provide simultaneous multiple mission capability for both pre-launch and launch support. 2. Serve as a central telemetry station …

Project Centaur (Three Methods To Estimate Reliability Of Explosives), John S. Cruzan

Space Congress® Proceedings

Project Centaur began as a low-priority, financially austere feasibility study, and ended up as the nation's first liquid hydrogen-fueled space booster under the direction of the National Aeronautical Space Administration. This was successfully demonstrated when AC -2 was launched from the Cape on November 27, 1963 and met all primary and secondary mission objectives. The present objective of the Centaur Project is to inject a Surveyor into a trajectory suitable for a "soft" lunar landing.

The structural system was designed to provide a lightweight structural arrangement with an aerodynamic shape consistent with the overall design of the vehicle^ and to …

Optimization Of Crew Comfort System, John R. Malcolm, Roland K. Moir

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper presents an engineering evaluation of the environmental parameters that affect man's comfort during shirtsleeve operation under conditions of weightlessness. To obtain a minimum weight system, the penalty for providing convective, radiative, and evaporative cooling was established. Mathematical expressions were developed to relate how the total metabolic heat generated by a crew member is divided among radiation, convection, and evaporation. These expressions included the vehicle design parameters — air temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature (MRT), and the crew-oriented parameters of clothing thermal resistance and effective wetted surface area. A basic premise was that the system …

A Methodology To Analyze And Evaluate Critical Human Performance, M. A. Barone

Space Congress® Proceedings

Presented in this paper is a methodology to evaluate, analyze, and predict critical human performance. The methodology is a novel approach towards evaluating potential human error. The aim of the Critical Human Performance and Evaluation Program. (CHPAE) is to develop a methodology to control and minimize the natural sulbjectivity associated with evaluation programs. The typical approach, of the CHPAE is; (1) analyze the system or task, (2) select evaluation factors, (3) establish and prevalidate a rating manual or check list, (4) perform an analysis and evaluation;, (5) estimate potential error probabilities, and (6) perform critical comparison studies. Much work still …

Advanced Tracking And Communication Satellites, C. M. Kelly, W. C. Reynolds

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper describes a synchronous-orbit tracking and communication satellite system. The spacecraft is essentially a communication satellite that uses a large electronically steered antenna in conjunction with tracking interferometers and low-powered solid state transmitterreceiver components. The system will track and communicate with target vehicles that are equipped with a dipole type antenna, UHF receiver and a 10-w transmitter.

The satellite uses the spherical reflector and the associated packaging and deployment techniques that were analyzed and ground tested in connection with passive communication satellite programs. 1> 2, 3 A spherical reflecting structure similar to Figure 1, View A, will serve as …

A Mathematical Model For Defining Explosive Yield And Mixing Probabilities Of Liquid Propellants, E. A. Farber

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper describes how a mathematical model can be constructed to fit theoretical or experimental data on yield and spill of liquid propellants. It shows how these primary quantities can be separated, how probability distributions can be found for each, and how probability confidence regions and confidence limits can be established.

The fundamental function of this very general mathematical model, based upon four independent parameters, and the characteristics of the resulting probability surface are discussed in detail.

The mathematical model, programmed for an IBM 709 computer, is applied to some spill test data of liquid propellants for which the necessary …

Environmental Parameters Of An Aborted Launch, Cyril N. Golub

Space Congress® Proceedings

Constituents of the pressure environment of an aborted launch include the unbalance of the atmospheric pressure caused by the blast and the pressure differentials developing across structures due to the rapid succession of overpressures and underpressures of the shockfront as it spreads through the launch complex.

The main features of the thermal environment are the fireball, its heat output, and the values, distribution, and duration of the ambient temperatures.

The knowledge of the behavior of the pressure and thermal environments of an aborted launch is a starting point for the engineering design or evaluation of materials, assemblies, or systems which …