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The Continuing Education Of Public Officials In The Space Era, Huey B. Long

Space Congress® Proceedings

Because of rapidly changing knowledge, technology, and urbanization there is a need for local public officials to increase their knowledge of government and to learn of new procedures to solve new problems. Private industry expects their personnel to continue to learn and these industries make provision for time and resources for their employees to continue to improve their skills. Local government has been lacking in this philosophy as well as lacking in the practical provision of time and resources for such activities.

However, a survey of public officials' continuing education activities in east central Florida revealed that an overwhelming majority …

Educational Synergism In The Space And Missile Industry, John Lane

Space Congress® Proceedings

Any synergistic relationship results in accomplishment of objectives by each participant greater than individual effort, and total accomplishment otherwise impossible. There is nothing new about the synergistic relationship. We see it occasionally in nature, in family life, and in the field of marketing. In time of national emergency it flowers, and vast efforts are integrated to produce B-29s, atom bombs, space or oceanographic programs. In one sense synergy can be compared to alloying of metals where the resultant alloy has properties superior to the base metal or any of its additives. If the concept of synergy proves productive of stronger, …

An Approach Toward Increasing The Data Rate Of Future Deep Space Communication Systems, S. N. Chen

Space Congress® Proceedings

An indirect approach toward increasing the data rate of a deep-space communication system involving the use of a relay satellite was studied. A simple frequency translation type repeater was assumed for the re lay satellite. In addition, the repeater was said to possess the characteristics of constant out put with signal - to -noise power sharing and also suppression effects due to the repeater's inherent nonlinearity. The data rate capability of the indirect approach was compared with that of the direct one (no relay satellite) . In the comparison the earth terminal characteristics were assumed to be the same for …

Iridium Coatings For The Protection Of Graphite Re-Entry Structures, T. R. Wright, J. D. Weyand, D. E. Kizer

Space Congress® Proceedings

Because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and other desirable features, graphite is desirable for use as structural components that are to be exposed to a high-temperature environment. At elevated temperatures, however, graphite reacts with oxidizing atmospheres, and smooth surfaces having specific engineering properties are degraded into eroded surfaces of lower efficiency.

It has been demonstrated that iridium can be used to protect graphite in air at temperatures to 3600 F for 1 hour or more. Battelle has been conducting a program for the Air Force Materials Laboratory to study the application of iridium and iridium-alloy coatings to graphite, based on …

Simulated Space Testing Of Propulsion Units And Systems, Joel Ferrell

Space Congress® Proceedings

An estimate of the major simulation requirements for high-altitude tests of rocket engines and rocket engine systems is presented. The facilities required to provide the parameters desired are examined in terms of simulation capability, exhaust handling requirements, and some of the requirements for test cell and specialized installation and instrumentation equipment. Presentation includes environment required for hybrid rocket systems as well as conventional engines. Selected high-altitude tests of rocket engines and spacecraft and spacecraft and missile subsystems which have been conducted in recent months at the Arnold Center are described. A forecast of future test requirements is also included .

Applying The Ablative Heat Shield To The Apollo Spacecraft, B. V. Coplan, R. W. King

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Apollo program to land men on the moon is administered by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Production of the spacecraft command module has been assigned 'to the North American Aviation Company. As a subcontractor to N.A.A., the Avco Corporation is carrying out the design and fabrication of the ablative heat shield for this module. Avco has the responsibility for the complete thermal design of the heat shield and for the analysis of any structural effect of the ablative material on the total vehicle. The environmental requirements which the heat shield must satisfy are determined by North American.

The …

Panel Session Content, Canaveral Council Of Technical Societies

Space Congress® Proceedings

Space Communications

Chairman: Dr. George E. Mans-r, Director of Engineering, Collins Radio Company

Co-Chairman: Mr. R. E. Jones, National Range Division, NRSC, Patrick AFB, Fla.

Content:

1. Acquisition of S-Band Telemetry Data during Spacecraft Launch Phases by F. D. Mclamb of PAA, GMRD, Patrick AFB, Florida

2. ATS-UHF Experiment for Aircraft Communication by J. P. Corrigan of NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

3. The Master Experiment Goddard Space Flight by c. c. Center, Johnson of NASA Greenbelt, Md.

4. An Approach Toward Increasing the Data Rate of Future Deep Space Communication Systems by s. Chen of Systems Sciences …

Lighting Conditions For A Lunar Landing Mission, Vladimir Hamza

Space Congress® Proceedings

For certain combinations of lighting and viewing conditions, the lunar landing site will be void of visible details because of the strong back scattering photometric properties of the lunar surface. This washout happens at zero phase angl e (i.e., the angle 9etween the source and the viewer). The effect has been observed from the earth and has been confirmed by Surveyor I pictures.

To demonstrate this effect, photographs of a scale model of a lunar surface dusted with copper oxide under various lighting and viewing angles were made. Copper oxide was chosen because its reflection properties are similar to those …

Safety Program At The Nuclear Rocket Development Station, Percy Griffiths, Peter B. Erickson, George L. Parmenter, John M. Wright

Space Congress® Proceedings

Many unique problems have been encountered and overcome in the developmental testing of nuclear powered engines for space applications, necessitating an extensive radiological and cryogenic safety program at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station. (NRDS) The radiological safety program directs itself toward the protection of personnel associated with the program and the public from direct radiation and resultant radioactive effluent. The cryogenics safety program at the NRDS directs itself to the prevention of accidents which could damage the nuclear reactor or the test facilities and in turn endanger associated personnel. It is graphically illustrated that nuclear rocket engines do not present …

A Methodology For The Range Ordering Of Alternatives Using A Bayesian Decision Model With Applications To The Space Program, A. N. Silver

Space Congress® Proceedings

The primary objective of this paper is to provide a reasonably general and essentially unified approach to those problems involving "value" judgments and "subjective" decision making, without regard to excessive rigor. The principle areas and methods of attack developed are:

(1) The selection of a "value " measure which emphasizes the fact that the criterion of optimum performance is quite arbitrary, its merits reflecting only the constraints on the problem and the objectives sought,

(2) The utilization of statistical decision theory as a basis for the solution and subsequent ev aluation of a class of problems in which a priori …

Panel Session Content, Canaveral Council Of Technical Societies

Space Congress® Proceedings

Education Synergism in the Missile and Space Industries

Chairman: Dr. Moses Koch, President, Essex Community College Baltimore, Maryland

Co-Chairman: Mr. John Lane, Brevard Junior College Cocoa, Florida

Content:

1. Educational Synergism by Essex Community College, Dr, Moses Koch, President Baltimore, Maryland

2. Educational Synergism in the Space and Missile Industry by John Lane, Management/Quality Control Programs, BJC, Cocoa, Florida

3. Opportunities for Professional Growth for Quality Control and Reliability Personnel in the Cape Kennedy area by Richard Stein, Supervisor, Quality Engineering, Bendix Corporation, Cape Kennedy, Florida

Ats-Uhf Experiment For Aircraft Communication, J. P. Corrigan

Space Congress® Proceedings

The VHF repeater experiment is an active frequency translation repeater which was launched as a part of the experimental payload of the Applications Technology Satellites ATS-1. A follow-on experiment is planned for A TS- C. The VHF repeater experiment using an eightelement electronically despun phased array antenna, will demonstrate the feasibility of providing a continuous voice communication link between ground control stations and aircraft anywhere within an area covered by the satellite. Both government and the civilian air carriers will be active participants in the experiment. It is anticipated that the qualitative and quantitative data resulting from the VHF experiment …

Acquisition Of S-Band Telemetry Data During Spacecraft Launch Phases, F. D. Mclamb

Space Congress® Proceedings

Whenever one sets out to write a paper dealing with space exploration, the temptation is strong to try to cover everything, from the philosophy of why we are in the space business, to the detailed component description of our own favorite spacecraft . It is therefore, worth while to define the limits of the topic of this paper. The object is to compare the problems encountered in the acquisition of S-band telemetry data from spacecraft during the launch phases, with those encountered in the deep space phases. The paper is also limited to a discussion of the Pioneer, Mariner and …

Central Data System Design For Scientific Solar Probes, Stephen C. Bigelow, William F. Higgins

Space Congress® Proceedings

Scientific solar probes (such as Pioneer) are aimed at mapping the radiation and particle fields of the solar corona. The central data system design must accorrn:nodate different instrument complements as mission assignments and emphasis change. Telemetry channel capacity is restricted by extreme range and practical limitations on antenna gain and transmitter power. Adaptive data sampling and telemetry formats, and sophisticated processing algorithms, which the experimenters have the option to use or not, are required to make efficient use of the available telemetry channel capacity.

The central data system requires a stored program for mission-to-mission flexibility, and ultra-reliability to meet mission …

Aria Deployment Model, Carl Jordan, Raymond Ho Lee, Verna Zo Waters

Space Congress® Proceedings

A deployment model has been designed to determine the flight plans for Apollo Range Instrumentation Aircraft (ARIA) in support of the translunar injection phase of Apollo missions. The major objective of developing this model was to envision the operational factors necessary to meet the ARIA support requirements under various conditions. A discussion of the model would be incomplete without a brief description of the ARIA, its mission, and the translunar injection parameters associated with Apollo missions.

There are eight Apollo Range Instrumentation Aircraft in various stages of completion whose mission will be to support NASA/ Apollo and advanced Department of …

A Systems Approach To Aerospace Education And Training, Ernest L. Mccollum, William F. Lowe

Space Congress® Proceedings

All of us are aware that revolutionary processes are at work in education and training. For the first time in modern history the traditional methods of classroom teaching and instruction are being profoundly challenged. This challenge emanates primarily from the work of experimental psychologists and learning theorists, from computer technology and electronic data processing, and from the creation of automated instructional hardware and software.

During the 1950's the initial union of these technologies began to produce experimental and first generation models of auto-instructional devices ~ indeed, modest by today's standards, but nevertheless sufficient to indicate the trend of the future. …

Nerva Development Status, C. M. Rice, W. H. Esselman

Space Congress® Proceedings

During the past few years significant accomplishments have been made in nuclear rocket development. It is the purpose of this paper to review this progress and to highlight the present status of the NERVA engine development. NERVA is part of the ROVER nuclear rocket engine program which was initiated at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory in 1955. Figure 1 traces the key accomplishments of this development program from the beginning through the demonstration of feasibility, to the present phase of advancing the technology and extending performance.

The initial progress achieved by Los Alamos on the conceptual reactor design and fuel …

An Undersea Radioisotope Power Supply, H. C. Carney

Space Congress® Proceedings

The results and current status of an Aerojet sponsored program to develop a product line of low power radioisotope thermoelectric generators for marine applications are discussed. A 1-watt ( e) Undersea Radioisotope Power Supply (URIPS) has been designed, fabricated, and tested Extensive parametric studies were performed to select optimum design characteristics; typical parameters investigated were radioisotope and chemical fuel form, thermoelectric material, fuel capsule L/D ratio, shield material and geometry, and operating conditions . The design emphasizes high reliability and low cost, but considerable emphasis was placed on adaptability to meet a wide spectrum of user requirements . URIPS is …

Panel Session Content, Canaveral Council Of Technical Societies

Space Congress® Proceedings

Chemical and Nuclear Propulsion and Power Systems

Chairman: Robert Gray, Director Unmanned Launch Operations, NASA, KSC, Fla.

Co-Chairman: B. C. McCary, Jr. RCA MTP, Patric AFB, Fla.

Content:

1. Ground Testing of High Chamber Pressure Propulsion System by A.W. Langill of Aerojet-General, Sacramento, California

2. Safety Program at the Nuclear Rocket Development Station by P. Friffiths, G.L. Paramenter and P.B. Erickson of Space Nuclear Propulsion Office, Jackass Flats, Nevada

3. An Undersea Radioisotope Power Supply (URIPS) by H.C. Carney of Aerojet-General Nucleonics, San Ramon, California

4. NERVA Engine Development Status by C.M. Rice of Aerojet-General, Sacramento and NERVA Reactor Development …

Hdrss- A High Data Rate Storage System For Nimbus B, R. Curry

Space Congress® Proceedings

The high data rate storage system ( HDRSS) is being developed to provide storage and reproduction of data aboard the NIMBUS B Satellite. The system uses a 5-channel 2-speed tape recorder and a 5-channel frequency division multiplexer. The system is tested using a bench checkout unit, which simulates spacecraft signals and ground station processing functions.

The high data rate storage system ( HDRSS) (Fig. 1) is being developed by RCA for NASA to provide storage and replay of sensor data aboard the NIMBUS B satellite. NIMBUS B is the third satellite to date in the NIMBUS series.

The NIMBUS program …

Graduate Teaching By Tv: The Genesys Network Of The University Of Florida, P. D. Arthur

Space Congress® Proceedings

To meet the problem of graduate education for working engineers at several sites remote from a main campus. Many solutions have been suggested. From two years experience with one solution, it is clear that competent graduate work at an accredited University can be successfully presented at remote sites via TV.

The largest TV network now used for this purpose is the University of Florida GENESYS: gaduate ENgineering Education SYStem. GENESYS has four originating stuaio-classroans and three additional sites in East-Central Florida capable of receiving programs. Essential to the success of the system is the full system audio talk-back. Each term …

An Integrated Analytical System, John J. Courtney

Space Congress® Proceedings

The purpose of the Integrated Analytical System is to assist in the accomplishment of many functions which are now performed manually at the Air Force Eastern Test Range. This paper will describe the Range Operations Model (ROM) which is designed to assist the Range in test scheduling and the documentation of range support required by test programs.

The design of the ROM has as its main objective the integration of the various interlocking and mutually supporting factors that constitute the range planning and operating system. A major key to the effective operation of this system is the use of the …

Panel Session Content, Canaveral Council Of Technical Societies

Space Congress® Proceedings

Planning for and Techniques of Management

Chairman: Dr. William Murray, Director of Engineering Burroughs Corporation, Detroit, Michigan

Co-Chairman: Mr. G. A. Craig, Mitre Corporation Field Office, Patrick AFB, Florida

Content:

1. An Integrated Analytical System by J. Courtney of Pan American, GMRD, Patrick AFB, Florida

2. An Application of the Computer to Planning by J. P. Michalski of National Range Division, AFETR, Patrick AFB, Florida

3. Aerospace Planning in the 1970's by M. C. Burns of Radiation Incorporated, Melbourne, Florida

4. A Methodology for the Range Ordering of Alternatives using a Bayesian Decision Model with Applications to the …

Panel Session Content, Canaveral Council Of Technical Societies

Space Congress® Proceedings

Space Research

Chairman: Dr. Knox Millsaps, University of Florida, P,O, Box 13857 Gainesville, Fla.

Co-Chairman: Mr. E. P. Wynne, General Electric Co., 7011 N. Atlantic Ave., Cape Canaveral, Fla.

Content:

1. Lighting conditions for a Lunar Landing Mission by V. Hamza of Bellcomm, Inc., Washington, D.C.

2. Experimental Investigation at M-20 of the Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics, Pressure and Heat Transfer Distribution on a 50° Semivertex Angle Sphere-Cone by s. Steinberg and A. R. Flesher of Martin Company, Baltimore, Maryland

3. Solid Propellant Power Systems for Normal and Emergency Space Operations by F. B. Pollard of Aero/Astro Research, Manhattan …

The Master Experiment, C. Curtis Johnson

Space Congress® Proceedings

A wideband low noise preamplifier system will be utilized for the A TS series of satellites at the Mojave Tracking Station. This particular preamplifier was developed by the Advanced Development Division of Goddard Space Flight Center, and involves a travelling wave maser and a closed cycle helium refrigerator. It operates over the 4.065- 4.195 gigahertz (Hz) band, with an effective noise temperature of less than 10°K, The functional maser system consists of the amplifier, a low noise header assembly, and a super conducting magnet. The antenna mounted support equipment includes the microwave pump, pump modulator, pump monitor, transfer switches , …

Ground Testing Of High Chamber-Pressure Propulsion Systems, A. W. Langill

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper describes the analysis, design and mechanization of a ground support system for application during the captive testing of high chamberpressure propulsion systems and components. A dual-piston intensifier concept is employed to transform pneumatic control pressures into corresponding propellant supply pressures at the inlet to the thrust chamber assembly under test; a mechanical pressure amplification ratio of over 5 to 1 is achieved in the intensifier design . High speed gas pressurization valves are servo con- · trolled to establish and maintain the desired propellant feed pressures during both transient and steady-state TCA operational phases . Transient control has …

Panel Session Content, Canaveral Council Of Technical Societies

Space Congress® Proceedings

Computers & Data Systems of the Space Age

Chairman: Dr. G. H. Ludwig, Chief, Information Processing Div., Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

Co-Chairman: Dr. R. Bruns, Data Systems Div., Kennedy Space Center, Florida

Content:

1. A New Concept of Providing Telementry Data in Real Time by J. M. Blalock of PAA, GMRD, Patrick AFB, Florida

2. Computer Program for A/RIA Deployment Model by V. Z. Waters and C. Jordan of PAA, GMRD, Patrick AFB, Florida

3. An Advanced Communication, Computation and Control System by T. A. Daniels of Collins Radio, Dallas, Texas (Not in Proceedings)

4. Central …

Experimental Investigation At M-20 Of The Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics, Pressure And Heat Transfer Distribution On A 50° Semivertex Angle Sphere-Cone, S. Steinberg, A. R. Flesjer

Space Congress® Proceedings

As part of continuing generalized overall space exploration studies, the Martin Company Space Exploration Group has been engaged in detailed study of the conceptual design of systems and configurations which ultimately would lead to development of a configuration suitable both for Mars atmosphere entry and landing an instrumented payload on the planet's surface. A significant aspect of these Voyager Program Studies encompassed an experimental program devoted to obtaining detailed data concerning the aerodynamic characteristics, heat transfer, and pressure distributions on high-drag configurations at Mach numbers typical of atmospheric entry. One of our most comprehensive experimental efforts associated with the aerodynamics …

Aerospace Planning In The 1970'S, M. C. Burns

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Aerospace Industry has reacted swiftly to the complex management and technological problems created by the mushrooming space requirements. Whereas a quick reaction capability to specific demands of the National Space Program has worked well in the past, a tightening of the Federal purse strings now and in the 1970's will present new management challenges. New techniques for long range planning and management control are evolving. An analysis of the more significant techniques leads to a recommendation for survival and fiscal growth in the future by applying these new techniques to analyze, decide, plan and control aerospace operations.

The Aerospace …

A New Concept Of Providing Telemetry Data In Real Time, John M. Blalock

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Air Force Eastern Test Range has recently installed the first elements of a new Real Time Telemetry Data System which will give the Range greatly expanded capability of providing telemetry data to the Range User in real time. This system was designed using a new concept of providing telemetry data in real time. An explanation of this new concept and of the Real Time Telemetry Data System will be presented in this paper. The impact of this system on the Range User will also be discussed.