Digital Commons Network^™

Water Problems, Jennings Randolph

Mining Environmental Conference

No abstract provided.

Extent, Sources And Control Of Pollution From Mining Activities, Don L. Warner

Mining Environmental Conference

No abstract provided.

Deep Well Disposal Of Liquid Mine Wastes, Erle C. Donaldson

Mining Environmental Conference

No abstract provided.

Graduate Education In Florida In 1980, L. E. Grinter

Space Congress® Proceedings

There is always a fascination in trying to look forward a decade into the future. It gives one a great sense of freedom because such predictions are usually forgotten long before the time of possible rebuttal. So I shall range over areas where I can provide no expertness as well as some in which I have long experience.

First it is necessary that one try to picture Florida as it is most likely to be in 1980. It requires no demographic insight to be sure that the population of Florida -will exceed eight million and the college population will have …

Spacecraft Data Storage In The 1970'S, Richard J. Treadwell

Space Congress® Proceedings

In the coming decade, we can expect to see an expansion in the utilization of space vehicles for the benefit of society. System design studies for resource measurement and management, meteorology, oceanography, mapping and indeed in all areas where space technology can provide a cost effective means of gathering data on a global scale are in progress now. In the first part of the paper, the resulting growth in requirements for data storage on spacecraft is discussed, as well as the technology at hand for storing required data in the most appropriate form and at suitable input and output rates. …

High Speed Ground Transportation, Robert A. Nelson

Space Congress® Proceedings

There has been much half-serious talk about its being easier to get to the moon from Washington than it is to get to Boston. This persiflage seldom raises the issue of whether it is as desirable to get to Boston as it is to get to the moon, although even in this new administration the Harvard-MIT traffic in bureaucrats—incoming as well as outgoing— suggests that it is. I would not, however, want to try a benefit cost analysis of the relative social values of the two terminal objectives; i.e., based on bureaucrats versus astronauts. Nor will I suggest that perhaps …

Panel Session - "Manned And Unmanned Space Exploration", Sheldon Steuer

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Honorable George P. Miller, Chairman of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics. Congressman Miller had been a member of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries until 1961, serving as Chairman of the Subcommittee on Oceanography. He had previously been a member of the Post Office and Civil Service Committee and the Armed Services Committee. Congressman Miller also served as an official observer at the Second United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, and in 1962 was appointed to represent the House of Representatives as a special Congressional advisor to the United States Ambassador to the …

Data Compression Using Orthogonal Functions, J. A. Lebo

Space Congress® Proceedings

Data Compression using representation of signals 05^ finite series of orthogonal functions has been often discussed in the literature as giving compression ratios of twenty to one or more. Such schemes should be designed, however, based on the accuracy achieved at the receiver, including errors introduced in quantizing and transmitting the coefficient values.

A means for performing such a design is presented, and, assuming particular functions and signal characteristics, design curves are given. This procedure is compared with a sample and hold scheme illustrating significant improvements in data compression ratios with the orthogonal function approach. Experimental results verifying these theoretical …

The Role Of Technical Societies In Education, Robert L. Young, Eino K. Latvala

Space Congress® Proceedings

The -education activities of eight technical societies are reviewed. Information on pre-college guidance, student chapter activities, curricula accreditation, continuing education, technical meetings and society publications is presented and discussed

Comparison Of Measured And Theoretical Values Of Electrical Conductivity In A Low Density Plasma, Roger M. Boatman

Space Congress® Proceedings

Activities in magnetohydrodynamic power, high enthalpy wind tunnels and arc-jet engines require information and methods of calculating such properties as temperature profiles and conductivity with a plasma. While techniques are available to measure plasma temperature and electron density, no reliable formula has been available to utilize these measurements to determine plasma conductivity. An expression for electrical conductivity in low electron density plasmas has been derived, as has an expression for completely ionized gases. Neither of these expressions is appropriate to the area of current interest, moderately ionized plasmas. Extrapolation techniques have been ineffective. A new approach, based upon the work …

Micromation And Micrographics, J. Babcock

Space Congress® Proceedings

Commercial data processing systems of all generations, first, second and third, have been plagued by a serious imbalance of speeds. While all functions of information systems input, processing, and output are interrelated they have been sadly out of balance in speed relationships one to the other. A major objective of the Non-Impact Printing Project (NIPP) (now titled Micremation) "was to devise a solution to the crucial imbalance on the output side of the computer. Providing adequate on-time information to operational levels is solving only part of the output problem. Management, while leaning heavily on computers to answer their day to …

Methods Of Determining Thermal Accommodation Coefficients From Free Molecular Flow Heat Transfer Data, R. K. Irey, D. E. Klett

Space Congress® Proceedings

Heat transfer in rarefied gases, a previously little investigated subject, has undergone advances in the past few years due to increased areas of application. Among new areas of application are the insulation of booster propellant storage vessels and heat transfer to exterior surfaces of space vehicles.

Low density heat transfer is subdivided into several regimes with the Knudsen number, Kn (The ration of mean free path to characteristic dimension of the system) serving as the criteria for designation.' At sufficiently low pressures Kn becomes large compared with unity. For Kn greater than about 3, intermolecular collisions in a gas become …

Clinical Toxicologic Studies On Freon R Fe 1301, C. H. Hine, H. W. Elliott, J. W. Kaufman, S. Leung

Space Congress® Proceedings

After conducting appropriate animal tests to ascertain safe levels, human subjects were exposed to concentrations of from 1.25% to 16.9% V/V of FE 1301. Assessment of judgement, alertness and neuromuscular skill indicated minimal but discernible effects at the lowest concentration in some individuals. At 10% V/V all subjects were effected. Stage I anesthesia occurred at 15% and Stage II would probably have occurred at 20%. A marked cardiac arrhythmia resulted in one subject exposed to 14%. There was complete recovery in all subjects within 20 minutes after exposure. No liver dysfunction occurred. The critical level for effective fire control is …

On Separate Computation Of Arcs For Optimal Control Problems With State Variable Inequality Constraints, Antti J. Koivo, W. E. Hamilton

Space Congress® Proceedings

In this paper, a class of optimal control problems with state variable inequality constraints is considered. Problems in this class are called separable, because their constrained and unconstrained subarcs can be computed independently of one another. Thus, the separable problem with n subarcs on the boundary can be decomposed into n + 1 independent two point boundary value problems.

A criterion for detecting separable problems is developed and applied to an example. A method for solving the n + 1 independent two-point boundary value problems is outlined and applied to the solution of the example problem. Finally, a sufficient condition …

National Clearinghouse Urban Information System, Henning L. Olesen

Space Congress® Proceedings

The paper consists of three major sections: 1) Need Identification, 2) Problem Definition, and 3) Proposed Solution.

Figure 1 indicates the topics that are discussed in the paper. The paper is based upon a proposed application of techniques that the GE Missile and Space Division have developed for Defense and Aerospace needs to the development of a. National Urban Clearinghouse Information System.

Process For Thermal Fixation Of Atmospheric Nitrogen, Frank Maslan

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper discusses a new process for converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitric acid and nitric oxides based on technology and information developed by our aerospace programs. The basis of this process is the high temperature reaction of air to form appreciable percentages of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is thermodynamically unstable at lower temperatures and the initial equilibrium must be frozen in a few milliseconds as the air temperature is decreased to a region of slow kinetics.

In this process, compressed air is heated in an electric arc to 3000 - 4000°K. Then it is immediately cooled very fast in a …

Meteorological Support To The Air Force Eastern Test Range, Howard D. Turner, Walter J. Czagas, O. H. Daniel

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Air Force Eastern Test Range Staff Meteorologist who is also the Commander of Detachment 11, 6th Weather Wing, is responsible for providing meteorological support to the Air Force Eastern Test Range (AFETR). Pan American World Airways through its Aerospace Services Division is contracted by the Air Force to operate the meteorological data acquisition systems and perform the data processing for meteorological support on the range. Generally, the Air Force provides the forecasting and meteorological consultant services to range users and range operating elements and Pan American operates the meteorological instrumentation, meteorological rocket systems and performs the data processing to …

An Automated Approach For Predicting Rf Signal Margins For Missile Flight Tests, Robert H. Moody

Space Congress® Proceedings

A computer system is described which accurately predicts RF instrumentation system signal margins for missile flight tests. The RF signal margin predictions are a function of the missile trajectory and the parameters of the range balance equation which are explained in detail. The mathematical development of the system is given as well as a presentation of data from a recent missile flight test at AFETR.

A discussion is presented which illustrates how this system may be used as a flight test program planning tool and as an instrumentation system performance analysis device applicable to missile flight test programs.

The Future Of Dc Brushless Motors In Aerospace Applications, Fred O. Simons

Space Congress® Proceedings

Aerospace technology — in particular space flight — has encouraged and sometimes made necessary the development of new devices and the continual improvement of present devices. One new device which may offer distinct advantages over existing devices in the area of rotating machinery is a recently developed DC brushless motor. * Some of its advantages are the elimination of electronic interference, constant torque generation, simplicity of construction, and the maintenance of performance specifications over wide ranges of load, input, and environment. Notice that the elimination of EMI/RFI interference is especially desirable to on-board communication systems. Other system malfunctions have been …

Stochastic Failure Models Based Upon Distribution Of Stress Peaks, R. L. Patterson

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper summarizes the development of three stress-strength models of reliability in which the stress producing mechanism is a one dimensional random process evolving in time. The general reliability functions are given along with examples of special cases. The problem of modeling randomly deteriorating strength is briefly discussed and one model is discussed from the point of view of time series analysis.

Management Contributions Of Space Technology; An Analytical Report, J. G. Milliken

Space Congress® Proceedings

The Denver Research Institute (DRI) currently is engaged in a major research-onresearch effort to improve understanding of the technology transfer process, transfer barriers, and methodology successful in promoting transfer. The research is sponsored by NASA. All aspects of technology are under study, including the broadly applicable area of management . The paper describes and analyzes several recent cases of transfer of space-related management technology found during this research program, as well as certain cases from the literature.

The transferred management techniques are widely diverse in subject matter. To aid analysis and understanding, they have been subdivided into four subject categories: …

Space Manufacturing Modules, James R. Williams, George C. Marshall

Space Congress® Proceedings

This paper describes a proposed program by the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory of the Marshall Space Flight Center that outlines an approach which would provide a capability for manufacturing in space.

The initial phase will initiate an investigation of the effect of zero gravity on manufacturing processes during earth orbit flight. A work package is described which is currently being prepared to fly with Apollo Applications Program Orbital Workshop (OW) Flight #2. It will consist of a Space Manufacturing Process Chamber integral with an electron beam heat source. The chamber is attached to the inside wall of the (OW)'s Multiple Docking …

Fishery Oceanography From Space, Kirby L. Drennan

Space Congress® Proceedings

The exploration and utilization of world oceanic fishery resources have been limited in the past for lack of a technology which could provide the observations required for rapid assessment, real time intelligence, or the environmental monitoring necessary to determine the space time ecosystem relationships on which a predictive system could be based within usable time factors.

The space agency has undertaken an extensive study to determine if it would be economically feasible to develop a satellite system to survey the resources of the earth. This satellite would be equipped with various types of sensors which operate on the principle that …

Gencom - A Generalized Communication Model Concept, W. V. Neisius

Space Congress® Proceedings

The paper describes the capabilities of a General Purpose Communication Network Simulation Program called GENCOM and traces the background leading up to its development. GENCOM, as a versatile, flexible, relatively simple program was conceived by the analysis of a complex, special purpose program written for the evaluation of the Minuteman Communication Network.

The simulation of the Minuteman Communication network was written in Simscript and modelled in detail the complex procedures for the flow of messages through the system. Unexpectedly, the simulation showed that certain second order effects could cause the system to "ring" in such a manner as to seriously …

The Design, Testing, And Implementation Of A Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishment System For Use In The Service Lunar Adapter At Ksc Launch Complex 39, J. T. Myers, D. C. Weaver

Space Congress® Proceedings

Since the advent of hypergolic fuels usage at the Kennedy Space Center and the Kennedy Air Force Station, personnel safety during fueling operations has been provided by limiting the number of persons having access to hazardous areas to those who were essential to the operation, and by providing these people with protective clothing.

With the Apollo Program, a new problem has introduced itself; the Lunar Module (LM) (Fig. 1) is actually two launch vehicles which leave the launch pad as part of the Apollo payload. Fueling of these launch vehicles takes place approximately two weeks before the launch of the …

Sonobuoy Mils, G. R. Hamilton, M. Drake

Space Congress® Proceedings

The purpose of this paper is to describe a new technique for locating missile impact positions in the open ocean using Navy sonobuoys. Figure 1 shows a typical Navy ASW sonobuoy, an air-dropped, expendable VHF radio that relays the underwater acoustic signals received on a hydrophone beneath it to an aircraft overhead* This missile impact location system has the advantages of being low cost, portable and capable of high accuracy. Basically the sonobuoys monitor the hydroacoustic signal of a missile impact on the ocean's surface and use fixed ocean bottom transponders as a geodetic reference for the sonobuoys* Heretofore we …

Panel Session - "The Application Of Space Age Technology To Society's Needs", Lloyd E. Jones

Space Congress® Proceedings

Dr. Daniel I. Cooper, Manager of Special Projects, McGraw-Hill. Dr. Cooper received his Ph.D. in Nuclear Physics from M.I.T. in 1952. He began his career with the Bell Telephone Labs, directing research on transmission, then shifted to the publishing business joining McGraw-Hill 1 s Nucleonics Magazine in 1954. In 1961 he became Executive Editor of Science and Technology Magazine, and Publisher in 1965. Recently he rejoined McGraw-Hill as Director of Continuing Professional Development.

Dr. Winston E. Koch, Vice President and Chief Scientist, The Bendix Corporation. Dr. Koch received his Ph.D. from the University of Berlin in 1934, while in the …

An Application Of Aerospace Technology And Systems To Commercial Aviation, A. A. Paris

Space Congress® Proceedings

During the Fifth Space Congress, I discussed the upcoming "Information Explosion" era, in which satellite systems would provide communications, navigation, weather prediction, information search and retrieval, and air traffic control. Compared to sending men to the moon, the use of satellites for this purpose is an example of applying aerospace technology, separately and distinctively, to existing problems.

In solving these problems, we are compounding a more traditional problem: the addition of more equipments to the user vehicle for each "Information Function" added. This was a common practice in the Ground Space/Satellite Communications field until the Air Force recognized the need …

Nasa Contributions To Mathematical Modeling And Simulation And Their Potential Use Outside The Aerospace Industry, Robert H. Rea

Space Congress® Proceedings

Potentials for technology transfer can be found where you would least expect them. I approached the task in the title with great skepticism. Although NASA had undoubtedlymade extensive use of mathematical modeling and computer simulation, it seemed unlikely that they could be used for anything except the special purpose for which they were intended. But I developed a methodical approach to try to find out.

First, a week in a NASA library with catalogues of report titles, abstracts and microfiche produced about 150 possible candidates - much to my surprise. The filtering process included discussions with other staff members at …

Remote Sensing Of Earth Resources Using Manned Spacecraft, William A. Spindell

Space Congress® Proceedings

Many NASA and industry-sponsored studies during the past several years have concluded that both synoptic and continuous remote sensing of the earth environment from orbital spacecraft offer unique advantages over similar aircraft sensor configurations. Wider earth resource coverage, extended duration capability, repeated orbital traces over ground-truth sites are some of the more apparent advantages. Still, the problem of data management and experiment programming, specif ically data taking and on-line data evaluation,are significantly large and yet unresolved.

One of the more promising techniques for • providing timely and expert data management, as 'well as having the benefit of human visual surveillance …