Digital Commons Network^™

Transition To Noninvasive Testing From The Gold Standard Of Liver Biopsy, Heidi Bien, Sabina Choudhry, Christine Pocha, University Of South Dakota Sanford School Of Medicine & Avera Health System

Scholarship Pathways Program

Purpose: Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, represents a rapidly growing public health concern, affecting roughly 30% of the global population. MASLD encompasses a spectrum from simple steatosis to its more progressive form, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Early and accurate assessment of liver disease is critical for risk stratification and management, yet the current gold standard-liver biopsy remains invasive, costly, and limited by sampling variability and interpretive subjectivity. Noninvasive imaging modalities, particularly magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), have emerged as promising alternatives, but their concordance with biopsy in real-world clinical practice remains underexplored.

 Methods: …

2026 Spring Order Of Exercises Commencement: Winona State University, Winona State University

WSU Commencement Programs

This is the Winona State University Spring 2026 Order of Exercises booklet published for the commencement ceremony on Thursday, May 7 and Friday, May 8, 2026.

During the Commencement event, a complete list of graduates was provided online. This program was not published during the Commencement event. This digital copy is maintained in the repository for archival purposes.

Impact Of Dermatology Access On Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Outcomes, Joseph H. Kelly, Marcus L. Frohm

Scholarship Pathways Program

Impact of Dermatology Access on Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Outcomes

Joseph H. Kelly MD

Mentor: Marcus L. Frohm, MD

Introduction: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a locally aggressive rare dermal sarcoma with a relatively high rate of local recurrence. Incidence in the United States has been reported around 4 occurrences per million people per year, and recurrence rates have been reported between 2 to 19%. Recurrence poses a higher risk for sarcomatous transformation, increasing the risk for metastasis. Early and accurate diagnosis, coupled with appropriate management, is essential to minimize these risks. This study extended previous research by evaluating whether access to dermatology care …

Internal Distortion By Elisabeth L. Roach, Elisabeth L. Roach, Elisabeth Roach

B.F.A. Practicum Exhibition (ART 498)

I want to make people uncomfortable with my art. I use drawing, photography, and 4D elements to create gross, distorted, and unsettling pieces that stir conflicting feelings within the viewer.  Inspired by Maria Lassnig's abstracted self-portraits, I distort my own image to convey my physical and emotional anguish. Using myself as the subject of the work allows me to express pains and lived experiences directly.

While most of my work is figurative, I prioritize texture, color, and contrast over form.  The resulting works are painterly and dramatic like those of Francisco Goya. They reveal the process of their making and …

A Study On Architecture, Daven W. Lewis

Professional Practices (ART 399)

My name is Daven Lewis and I am a multidisciplinary artist who mainly focuses with the mediums of metalsmithing and woodworking. I am currently an undergraduate at Murray State University, with an estimated graduation in the fall of 2027. Through my practice, I make work about modern architecture and its correlation to the loss of craftsmanship found in everyday life, using metal and wood to create geometric sculptures meant to emphasize the forms I see in this architecture every day. Through my work I aim to talk about the increasing industrialization of the world, along with the complacency that coincides …

The Cadaver As The First Patient: Early Integration Of Pathology In The Preclinical Anatomy Laboratory, Sruthi Shriram, Lauren Desantis, Tulika Singhal, Kevin Ta, Courtney Shields, Muhammad Jawwad Arshad, Varna Taranikanti, Madison Konja

Posters

No abstract provided.

Kern National Network At Ouwb: Helping Medical Student Ideas Come To Life While Promoting Student Wellness And Academic Success, Shivapriya Chandu, Ahmad Abu-Mahfouz, Rohit Ray, Riya Chhabra, Berkley Browne-Holtz

Posters

Poster Winner - Medical students experience evolving stressors and wellness needs throughout training. From preclinical coursework to board preparation and clinical rotations, priorities may shift over time. This project addresses the following research question: How can we effectively improve student wellness initiatives through student engagement during the M1- M3 medical school years?

Implementation Of Self-Directed Learning In Preclinical Respiratory Course, Tai Metzger, Kaycee L. Fillmore, Inaya Hajj-Hussein, Dwayne Baxa, Kyeorda Kemp, Virginia Uhley, Claudio Cortes

Posters

Self-directed learning (SDL) is essential to incorporate into the medical curriculum to develop lifelong learning skills. The Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) defines four specific components of SDL that must be incorporated into medical education. We created an team-based SDL activity and evaluated whether this format aligned with the SDL components defined by the LCME, using students’ evaluations and reflections.

Optimizing Patient-Facing Ai Chatbot Questions To Improve Readability And Actionability In Anesthesia Education, Sarah Kadado, Bianca Elias, Roy Soto

Posters

In anesthesia, high patient anxiety and limited counseling time increase the need for clear, usable information. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (e.g., ChatGPT) are increasingly used for patient anesthesia education. Many AI-generated responses exceed the recommended 6th-8th grade reading level for patient education information. Responses also often lack actionable guidance for patients. This study quantifies how optimizing patient-facing prompts improves readability, understandability, and actionability.

Anatomy Of Teamwork: Leveraging Peer Feedback To Build A Bespoke Team Charter Assignment, Emily Tenniswood, Stefanie Attardi

Posters

Post-COVID-19, students in our M1 Anatomical Foundations of Clinical Practice (AFCP) courses increasingly request faculty guidance or intervention in managing intra-dissection team conflict.

Equitable Exposure, Unequal Outcomes Summative Performance Following Clinical Integration Anatomy Laboratories, Christopher Ramus, Stefanie Attardi

Posters

Cadaver-based anatomy education remains essential but faces high content demands, limited physical and personnel resources, and a continually condensed timeline. These challenges necessitate efficient instructional efficient instructional strategies. Pedagogical research supports active learning strategies for better retention, engagement, and application.

Perceptions Of Radiology Residency Staffing Models Across Years Of Training, Alex Zhang, Alexander Swantek, Adela Pouzar, Sayf Al-Katib

Posters

Case staffing is the primary method by which radiology residencies teach at the workstation. Despite this, the styles and methods for how staffing is performed have not yet been comprehensively described. Understanding these models and evaluating resident perspectives can inform best practices and enhance radiology education.

Do Preclinical Assessment Strategies Matter? Nbme Usage And Student Outcomes Across U.S. Medical Schools, Reem Fawaz, Aaryan Patel, David Thomas

Posters

Preclinical assessment strategies vary widely across U.S. medical schools. Limited data exist on how these strategies relate to student success outcomes. Our study examines whether exam usage patterns are associated with Step 1 performance, Step 2 performance, and overall match rate.

Head Impacts In Collegiate Rodeo Athletes: An Observational Study, Colton D. Carlson, Jacob Miller, Jason C. Dorman, Verle D. Valentine, Thayne A. Munce

Scholarship Pathways Program

Head Acceleration Events in Collegiate Rodeo Athletes

Colton Carlson, MS4

Mentor: Thayne Munce, PhD

Introduction: Brain health has been a growing concern across a wide range of contact sports in the last three decades. While most of the early brain health research was focused on identifying and preventing concussions, newer research has found that an accumulation of repetitive head impacts (RHI) is more predictive of long-term brain health than the number of concussions sustained. Consequently, being able to assess RHI in sports despite the lack of outward symptoms has become paramount in promoting the long-term health of athletes. While the …

Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy With Patient Education, Belle Grady, Victor Huber

Scholarship Pathways Program

Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy with Patient Education

Belle Grady, MD | Mentor: Victor Huber, PhD

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a complex global issue, exacerbated by pandemics and social media. In addition to hesitancy, state policies loosening childhood vaccine requirements and alternative vaccination schedules may contribute to recent vaccine-preventable illness outbreaks in the United States. In South Dakota alone, kindergarten vaccination rates have gradually declined over the past decade. Such vaccine hesitancy and decreasing vaccination rates is a public health concern and must be addressed. Accessible patient education resources on the topic are necessary to increase vaccination rates.

Project Description: This project …

Examining The Relationships Between Work Environment And Stress Coping Mechanisms With Burnout In Medical Students, Oluwafunke O. Ogunremi, Valeriy Kozmenko, Ethan Noble

Scholarship Pathways Program

Examining the relationships between work environment and stress coping mechanisms with burnout in medical students

 Oluwafunke Ogunremi, MS4

Mentor: Valeriy Kozmenko, MD

Introduction: Throughout the duration of medical training, learners are oftentimes overworked and faced with high levels of stress and pressure; this can decrease quality of life for many individuals.The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of how work environments and stress coping mechanisms play a role in the amount of burnout experienced by medical students. Burnout as defined by the Maslach’s Model, focuses on 3 key aspects: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishments. Here, …

Clinical Outcomes Of A Non-Diffractive Extended Depth Of Focus Intraocular Lens In Post-Refractive Eyes, Collin Olevson, John P. Berdahl, Tanner J. Ferguson

Scholarship Pathways Program

Clinical outcomes of a non-diffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens in post-refractive eyes

 Collin Olevson, MD¹ | John Berdahl, MD^1,2 and Tanner Ferguson, MD^1,2

¹University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD

²Vance Thompson Vision, Sioux Falls, SD

Introduction: Eyes with prior corneal refractive surgery (i.e laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)) pose challenges during cataract surgery due to altered corneal curvature. The AcrySof IQ Vivity intraocular lens (IOL) is a non-diffractive extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL designed to provide a broader range of vision. Limited data exists on its …

Menstrual Hygiene Screening Needs Assessment In South Dakota, Mariah Shafer, Denyelle Kenyon

Scholarship Pathways Program

Menstrual Hygiene Screening Needs Assessment In South Dakota

Mariah M. Shafer, MD | DenYelle Kenyon Ph.D. Assoc Dean, Community Health and Engagement, MPH Program Director.

 Introduction: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is essential to women’s reproductive health; literature demonstrates there are mental, social, and economic consequences to inadequate MHM in rural and developing countries. Emerging studies show that US women who are impoverished, experiencing homelessness, or incarcerated also face poor MHM. To understand implications of poor MHM in South Dakota, a largely rural state, a thorough gynecologic health history is essential; this needs assessment explores the scope of MHM questions asked …

Licensed Massage Therapists On The Frontline Of Skin Cancer: Enhancing Early Detection And Prevention In Rural South Dakota, Kianna Thelen, Leah Naasz, Meagan Kray, Marc Dvorack

Scholarship Pathways Program

Title: Licensed Massage Therapists on the frontlines of skin cancer detection: A pilot educational intervention in rural South Dakota

Authors:

Kianna Thelen, MD | Mentor: Marc Dvoracek, MD

Introduction: Skin cancer is the most common malignancy in the United States. Early detection improves outcomes, yet rural communities face barriers to dermatologic care. Licensed massage therapists (LMTs) are uniquely positioned to observe skin changes during client encounters. This intervention aims to assess the impact of a tailored educational intervention on rural LMTs’ knowledge, confidence, and practices for identifying suspicious skin lesions.

Methods: Between July 2023 and January 2024, 46 LMTs and …

Evaluating Headache Treatment Efficacy Across Rural And Urban Emergency Departments, Logan Stacey, Alan Sazama, Benjamin Aaker

Scholarship Pathways Program

Evaluating Headache Treatment Efficacy Across Rural and Urban Emergency Departments

Logan Stacey, MD | Alan Sazama, MD, Benjamin Aaker, MD

Introduction: Headaches are a common chief complaint in emergency departments (EDs), with rural patients facing unique challenges such as geographic isolation and limited access to care. This study aims to compare treatment efficacy for this top five ED chief complaints between rural and urban EDs.

Methods: Patients treated for headaches from 2020-2023 were identified using diagnosis codes and electronic health records. Treatment plans and patient demographics were abstracted from identified charts. EDs were categorized as rural (populations under 50,000) or …

Ama And Sdsma Membership After Graduation, Sydney Payne, Keith Hansen, Susan Puumala

Scholarship Pathways Program

AMA and SDSMA Membership After Graduation

Sydney Payne, MD | Keith Hansen, MD | Susan Puumala, PhD

Introduction: One way to foster collaboration, community engagement, and continuing education is for medical students to participate in medical associations. At the University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, medical students are provided with memberships to the South Dakota State Medical Association (SDSMA) and American Medical Association (AMA). In this study, the primary goal is to determine if student membership increases membership in the SDSMA and AMA after graduation.

Methods: This project received approval from the University of South Dakota …

Visual Arts And Humanities In Medical Education, Lauren Schild, Craig Uthe

Scholarship Pathways Program

Introduction: In medicine today, physicians are expected to be impartial, emotionally intelligent, and have the observational skills to pick up on and interpret ambiguous body language, skin changes, and hygiene factors which may aid in a diagnosis. However, medical students are often not directly taught these observational or emotional intelligence skills. Art has historically been used by the artist to express thoughts and emotions for themselves and to allow viewers to explore their own feelings. The aim of this course is to provide an opportunity for students to advance their observation and communication skills through the study and creation of …

Visual Outcomes And Quality Of Life In A Randomized Trial Of Topography-Guided Lasik With Novel Gis-Software Versus Wavefront Optimized Lasik, Elise V.H. Meide, Tanner J. Ferguson, John P. Berdahl, Vance M. Thompson, Daniel C. Terveen

Scholarship Pathways Program

Visual Acuity and Quality of Life Results in a Randomized Trial of Topography-Guided with GIS-Software Versus Wavefront Optimized LASIK

Elise V.H. Meide, MD | Daniel C. Terveen, MD

Purpose: To compare post-operative visual acuity, refractive outcomes and patient-reported visual quality of life between topography-guided (TG) laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with novel geographic imaging system (GIS) based software versus wavefront-optimized (WFO) LASIK. Main outcome measures included the rate of patients with uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/16 or better 3 months post-operatively. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), residual refractive error, low contrast visual acuity, …

Calcineurin-Mediated Immunosuppressants In Binge Ethanol Drinking And Stress Responsivity, E. Kirschenmann, J. Agar, T. P. Beresford, P. J. Ronan

Scholarship Pathways Program

Calcineurin-Mediated Immunosuppressants in Binge Ethanol Drinking and Stress Responsivity

Emily Kirschenmann MD | Patrick J. Ronan PhD

Introduction: Previous research has found that the calcineurin-mediated immunosuppressants cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus inhibit binge alcohol drinking in mice. Further research has shown that this effect is mediated directly in brain, as intracerebroventricular administration also significantly decreases drinking. As these immunosuppressants have severe systemic toxic effects along with dangerous inhibition of immune function, our goal is to determine proximal mechanisms by which these immunosuppressants are working in order to develop effective treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) with fewer side effects. One …

Assessing Trends In Medical Students’ Perceptions Regarding Statistical Analysis, Ethan Noble, Valeriy Kozmenko, Paul Thompson

Scholarship Pathways Program

Assessing Trends in Medical Students’ Perceptions Regarding Data Analysis and Statistics Knowledge and Skills

Ethan Noble, MD | Mentors: Valeriy Kozmenko, MD, Paul Thompson, PhD

Introduction: The use of evidence-based medicine requires that physicians are able to properly analyze and interpret the results of new research. The development of new research and medical knowledge is swift, and a strong foundation in statistics and research is needed for physicians and medical students to keep up with new research. Curriculum in medical education often lacks in-depth coverage of the subject, and additional curriculum has been shown to enhance student confidence and ability …

Using Geospatial Analysis To Compare Metropolitan Greenspace And Adolescent Obesity, Rachel Schild, Denyelle Kenyon, Zachary Schild

Scholarship Pathways Program

Using Geospatial Analysis and Machine Learning to Compare Metropolitan Greenspace and Rates of Adolescents with Obesity

 Rachel Schild MD | DenYelle Kenyon PhD

 Introduction: Insufficient outdoor activity, influenced by limited access to exercise-friendly greenspaces, may contribute to increasing childhood obesity rates. However, rigorous evaluation of greenspace quality on a citywide scale is lacking. This study aims to characterize greenspace vegetation types and correlate them with adolescent obesity outcomes, identifying optimal characteristics for promoting health. This data could aid city planners in optimizing greenspace allocation and improving vegetation choices.

Methods: Satellite imagery and municipal data were used to map ten cities, …

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics Long-Living Dwarf Mice In Response To High Fat Diet, Landon Schumacher, Matthew Johnston, Jaspreet Osan, Holly Brown-Borg

Arts & Sciences Undergraduate Showcase

Introduction: The effects of high fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal: fat) on skeletal muscle in mice with postnatal growth hormone deficiency is relatively unknown. We compared the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle from middle aged female Ames Dwarf and Wildtype mice fed HFD for 16 weeks and standard diet (STD; 10%: fat) to see the impacts of a HFD on inflammation and fibrotic formation in the musculature.   Methodology: Mice were euthanized after diet duration (age 10-12 months), and TAs were collected and frozen in OCT for cross-sectional cryosection. Ten um thick muscle was fixed to slides and stained with Oil Red-O …

From Sunshine To Sight Lost: Amd In North Dakota, Sidney J. Leciejewski, Diane Darland

Arts & Sciences Undergraduate Showcase

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease that directly harms the macula, which could eventually cause vision loss. The macula is an area on the back of the eye that contains cone cells, which allow for our color vision. Its location also allows us to have our central vision. There are two kinds: the dry and wet form, where the wet form is more extreme. The disease, itself, is highly prevalent in North Dakota, which is why it is important to note its causes and prevention methods. Some causes of AMD include genetic risks,  health risks, and metabolic …

"Maniac Murderer Of Six": Yellow Journalism In Early 20th Century North Dakota, Emma Kalk

Arts & Sciences Undergraduate Showcase

This project examines how early twentieth-century yellow journalism shaped public perception of crime in North Dakota through newspaper coverage of the Eugene Butler case. Following the 1915 discovery of six bodies beneath Butler’s former home near Niagara, North Dakota newspapers rapidly transformed the case into one of the state’s most sensational crime stories. Through analysis of regional newspaper articles, hospital accounts, and modern retellings, this project argues that journalists exaggerated details, repeated unverified claims, and relied on emotionally charged language to construct Butler’s public image as a violent “hermit” and “maniac.”

The project also explores contradictions within contemporary reporting, including …

Spatial Analysis Of Heavy Metal Leaching Threats From North Dakota Landfills To Drinking Water Aquifers, Leila Campbell

Arts & Sciences Undergraduate Showcase

Groundwater is a primary fresh water source for most rural communities in North Dakota. The EPA acknowledges that landfill leakage is not a matter of if but when, and early detection can be extremely difficult. This project identifies which counties and aquifers face the greatest threat from landfill heavy-metal leaching based on proximity, waste types, and groundwater vulnerability, thereby indicating which landfills warrant the closest monitoring and regulatory compliance.   The methodology combines two indexes. The DRASTIC index identifies aquifer vulnerability to surface pollution based on hydrogeologic factors. These factors are weighted by their significance to produce a score that reflects …