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Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

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Evaluating Nutrition, Exercise, And Education, On Mental Health And Quality Of Life In Menopause, Jill R. Stone Jul 2025

Evaluating Nutrition, Exercise, And Education, On Mental Health And Quality Of Life In Menopause, Jill R. Stone

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Physical inactivity, poor nutrition, and a lack of understanding of menopause adversely affect mental health and quality of life in women entering menopause. Metabolic changes during this period can lead to an increase in visceral fat, loss of muscle mass, depression, and anxiety. These metabolic changes are linked to a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, type two diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This cross-sectional quantitative study, guided by the health belief model, explored the contribution of adopting specific nutrition strategies, exercise, and education in women during menopause transition to help manage mental health (as measured by depression and tension), and quality …


Personal Social Media Usage And The Effect On Individuals’ Job Satisfaction: A Social Identity Theory Perspective, Daniel Adam Blair Jul 2025

Personal Social Media Usage And The Effect On Individuals’ Job Satisfaction: A Social Identity Theory Perspective, Daniel Adam Blair

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Social networking sites are web-based platforms that serve as tools to enhance connectivity and communication for a broad spectrum of different individuals, but they may be doing a disservice to the users who overuse the platforms as a means to bolster their self-esteem surrounding their different identities. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in individuals’ job satisfaction levels when using personal social media (PSM) to varying degrees and how individuals’ social identities may influence this interaction. Utilizing the social identity theory framework, this study aimed to determine whether a relationship exists between PSM usage and job …


Experiences Of Post-Secondary Teachers With Using Information And Communication Technologies In Rural Communities, Latonya Shirelle Motley Jul 2025

Experiences Of Post-Secondary Teachers With Using Information And Communication Technologies In Rural Communities, Latonya Shirelle Motley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Teaching and learning in the 21st century requires full access and use of digital technologies but this can be challenging in rural areas. Teachers at post-secondary schools in rural communities often have limited access to information and communication technologies (ICT), which restricts their ability to fully serve their rural students. Guided by the theory of the digital divide, the purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore the experiences of post-secondary teachers with using ICT in rural areas in the United States. Data for this qualitative study were collected from 44 participant interviews who evaluated their access of digital …


Understanding Georgia Child Welfare Case Manager’S Perspective, Practicum Experience, And Retention, Takierra Dawson Jul 2025

Understanding Georgia Child Welfare Case Manager’S Perspective, Practicum Experience, And Retention, Takierra Dawson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Child welfare workers have high turnover rates and low retention rates. While there is well-documented research on reasons for turnover, no research was found on how a case manager's practicum experience impacts turnover rates. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore child welfare case managers' perspectives on retention and to understand how their practicum and internship experiences influence retention. The theories that ground this research include systems theory by Bertalanffy and social constructivism by Vygotsky. The two research questions for this generic qualitative study were: What are the experiences of child welfare case managers during their internship and …


Strategies It Managers Use To Manage Remote Teams In The Medical Industry, Sonia Raj Gandham Jun 2025

Strategies It Managers Use To Manage Remote Teams In The Medical Industry, Sonia Raj Gandham

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Healthcare IT managers experience significant challenges while leading remote teams, as they must maintain secure communication practices and regulatory compliance while achieving high-performance standards. Organizations without proper strategies face data breaches and productivity losses that harm operational performance and patient care, leading to legal troubles and reputational harm. Grounded in adaptive structuration theory (AST), this qualitative pragmatic study explored successful remote team management strategies among U.S. healthcare IT managers with five or more years of experience. AST provided the theoretical lens to examine how technology and organizational structures interact in distributed work environments. Interviews with six participants were analyzed thematically …


Havana To Port-Au-Prince: Cuba’S Medical Internationalism Aid To Haiti, Wilner Saint Cyr Jun 2025

Havana To Port-Au-Prince: Cuba’S Medical Internationalism Aid To Haiti, Wilner Saint Cyr

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Haiti ranks among the lowest in healthcare quality in the Americas, according to the health indicators used by the World Health Organization. Despite national and international efforts to improve health service delivery, access to primary medical care and preventive services is limited, especially in rural areas. In response to a request from the Haitian government following the devastating Hurricane Georges, the arrival of the first Cuban doctors to support ongoing public health needs commenced in December 1998. Recognizing an opportunity for international cooperation, the Haitian president sought assistance from Cuba by signing a bilateral cooperation agreement for initial and ongoing …


Relationship Between Dynamic Capabilities Characteristics And Organizational Performance In Specialty Health Care Organizations, Raymond Deloyd Hall Jun 2025

Relationship Between Dynamic Capabilities Characteristics And Organizational Performance In Specialty Health Care Organizations, Raymond Deloyd Hall

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As the environment undergoes rapid changes—like shifting patient needs, new regulations, evolving work dynamics, and increasing competition—the specialty health care organizations in the United States are experiencing noticeable declines in their organizational performance. For health care leaders, grasping how these external factors relate to organizational performance is essential to uphold service quality and ensure effectiveness. Grounded in dynamic capabilities theory, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between sensing, seizing, transforming capabilities, and organizational performance. The participants were 77 executives and managers from specialty health care organizations in the Southwestern United States. The results of …


Examining Firefighters’ Perspectives On Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, Olivia O'Hare Jun 2025

Examining Firefighters’ Perspectives On Critical Incident Stress Debriefing, Olivia O'Hare

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Firefighters are routinely exposed to critical incidents, potentially resulting in mental health consequences. Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) is a common postcritical incident intervention used among fire departments in the United States to address these mental health impacts. Understanding the perspectives of firefighters’ experience with CISD can contribute information to the social work profession, may engage firefighters in the discussion surrounding their mental health needs, and could provide effective postcritical incident coping strategies. The purpose and research questions of this study were focused through a vicarious trauma lens was to understand firefighters’ perspectives and experiences of CISD, explore CISD trauma …


Strategies Minority Small Business Owners Use To Obtain Access To Capital, Marchelle Ronique Yearby Jun 2025

Strategies Minority Small Business Owners Use To Obtain Access To Capital, Marchelle Ronique Yearby

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Minority small business owners (MSBOs) often experience significant challenges in securing business capital, which is critical for sustaining and growing their businesses. MSBOs are concerned with the lack of business capital because it restricts their ability to expand operations, innovate, and generate employment within their communities. The purpose of this qualitative multiple-case study, which was grounded in the financial inclusion theory, was to identify and explore strategies MSBOs employ to secure access to capital. The participants were nine MSBOs in the Southeastern United States, each of whom had successfully maintained and secured working capital to sustain a profitable business for …


Cybersecurity Strategies For Effective Proactive Response To Cyber Attacks, Tony L. Perry Jun 2025

Cybersecurity Strategies For Effective Proactive Response To Cyber Attacks, Tony L. Perry

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Malicious cybersecurity attacks threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of organizational data. This issue concerns organizational leaders and cybersecurity professionals who must address these threats to prevent operational disruptions, financial losses, reputational damage, and declining stakeholder trust. Grounded in organizational learning theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore the strategies information technology security professionals use to proactively respond to evolving cybersecurity threats. The study involved 16 cybersecurity professionals, each with a minimum of five years of experience in implementing both offensive and defensive cybersecurity strategies within their organizations. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a …


Strategies Health Care Leaders Use For Telemedicine Utilization And Subsequent Revenue Enhancement, Wesley Raymond Wingate Jun 2025

Strategies Health Care Leaders Use For Telemedicine Utilization And Subsequent Revenue Enhancement, Wesley Raymond Wingate

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Health care leaders face challenges in increasing the utilization of alternative synchronous health care platforms, such as telemedicine, which enable real-time virtual consultations, which can influence in-person clinic visits and impact organizational revenue. Rising demand for accessible health care, and ineffective telemedicine implementation limits patient access and overall organizational sustainability, increasing the need for evidence-based strategies critical for health care leaders to improve both service delivery and financial outcomes. This qualitative pragmatic inquiry, grounded in the health belief model, aimed to explore strategies used by health care leaders in the South Texas region to implement telemedicine effectively. The participants included …


Examination Of Evidence-Based Practices Implementation And Perceived Job Satisfaction With Mental Health Providers, Rafael Montoya Jun 2025

Examination Of Evidence-Based Practices Implementation And Perceived Job Satisfaction With Mental Health Providers, Rafael Montoya

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Job satisfaction among mental health providers continues to be an important area of inquiry, particularly in relation to professional development and training. However, limited studies have evaluated whether training in evidence-based practices (EBPs) is associated with different levels of job satisfaction compared to traditional training models. The purpose of this cross-sectional, quantitative study was to examine whether a statistically significant difference in job satisfaction exists between mental health providers trained in EBPs and those trained using traditional approaches. The study was guided by Spector’s multidimensional job satisfaction model, which categorizes job satisfaction into nine key domains. Data from 81 mental …


Strategies To Improve Nurse Staffing And Workforce Management In Home Health Agencies, Kelechi Lillian Wabeke Jun 2025

Strategies To Improve Nurse Staffing And Workforce Management In Home Health Agencies, Kelechi Lillian Wabeke

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Home health agencies continue to grapple with challenges in nurse staffing and workforce management. This integrative review explored effective strategies to address these challenges and improve operational efficiency. The review focused on identifying best practices for enhancing nurse recruitment, retention, and scheduling processes within home health settings. Guided by the transformational leadership framework, the study examined 30 empirical and theoretical articles published over the past 5 years. The selected articles were further assessed for relevance and quality using the Johns Hopkins evidence-based practice model. Through an in-depth thematic analysis, five primary themes and 10 supporting subthemes emerged. The key themes …


Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceptions About Antipolice Sentiment And Social Media As A Force Multiplier, Edward Peter Pope Jun 2025

Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceptions About Antipolice Sentiment And Social Media As A Force Multiplier, Edward Peter Pope

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As a newly emergent form of mass communication, social media platforms can act as a force multiplier in fomenting negative and critical attitudes or viewpoints toward law enforcement officers and agencies. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the perceptions and lived experiences of law enforcement officers about antipolice sentiment and social media as a force multiplier. Amid growing concerns regarding public opinion and the impact of social media on law enforcement practices, more research was needed on how officers navigate and interpret these challenges. Data from in-depth interviews with 10 law enforcement officers were thematically analyzed to …


Effective Strategies To Leverage Organizational Culture To Enhance Employee Retention, Tavares E. Scott Jun 2025

Effective Strategies To Leverage Organizational Culture To Enhance Employee Retention, Tavares E. Scott

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Employee retention is a critical issue for healthcare organizations, with the average tenure in the U.S. being only 3.8 years. High turnover contributes to staffing shortages, increased costs, and compromised patient care. Hospital administrators and healthcare leaders are particularly concerned, as sustained turnover threatens organizational sustainability, care quality, and long-term profitability. Identifying strategies to retain employees is essential to improving workforce stability, maintaining service excellence, and securing financial viability. Grounded in Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore strategies healthcare managers in private medical healthcare systems used to leverage organizational culture to enhance employee …


Effective Strategies For Empowering Women In Aerospace: Shaping The Future Of Leadership, Mariel R. Forster Jun 2025

Effective Strategies For Empowering Women In Aerospace: Shaping The Future Of Leadership, Mariel R. Forster

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Some aerospace leaders face challenges in implementing effective strategies to advance women in leadership roles in the industry. Executive leaders are concerned with the lack of strategies to retain women, which contributes to their underrepresentation in aerospace leadership. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore the strategies aerospace leaders use to advance women in aerospace leadership. The participants were seven aerospace leaders from the Southeastern United States who had implemented successful retention strategies. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and a review of public documents. Through thematic analysis eight themes were identified: …


Exploring Strategies In Manufacturing To Reduce Loss Of Workers And The Costs Associated With Turnover, Aaron Sterrett Jun 2025

Exploring Strategies In Manufacturing To Reduce Loss Of Workers And The Costs Associated With Turnover, Aaron Sterrett

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

High employee turnover rates in the U.S. manufacturing firms create significant operational and financial challenges. Leaders of U.S. manufacturing firms seek to address employee turnover, which threatens productivity, profitability, and long-term sustainability. Grounded in the competing values framework, this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project aimed to identify and explore manufacturers' efficient management strategies to reduce employee turnover. The participants were five individuals who work in different management roles within the manufacturing industry and have assisted in developing successful employee retention strategies. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and a review of organizational information. Four themes were identified during qualitative coding analysis: …


Lived Experiences Of Black African Non-Denominational Pastor’S Perceptions, Attitudes, And Beliefs Of Mental Health, And Their Referral Practice In The United States, Esther Paul Jun 2025

Lived Experiences Of Black African Non-Denominational Pastor’S Perceptions, Attitudes, And Beliefs Of Mental Health, And Their Referral Practice In The United States, Esther Paul

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The high frequency of mental health issues within the Black African Christians communities and the insufficient use of mental health resources, was the driving forces for this study. This qualitative study aimed to explore the attitudes, beliefs, and lived experiences of non-denominational Black African pastors on mental health and identified potential barriers to mental health care and create culturally appropriate solutions by investigating their experiences. The theoretical basis of this study was centered on Goffman’s social stigma theory, which was created by Erwin Goffman, the social identity theory (SIT), and the role identity theory, the latter which served as the …


Perspectives Regarding Creating A Community Of Inquiry In Online Versions Of Lab Courses, Yuna Buhrman Jun 2025

Perspectives Regarding Creating A Community Of Inquiry In Online Versions Of Lab Courses, Yuna Buhrman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic shut down science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) college labs due to the restricted physical access to resources. The problem that was addressed in this study was that there is a lack of understanding of how the three presences of the community of inquiry were implemented by STEM lab instructors when developing online lab courses during emergency remote teaching (ERT). The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to explore perspectives of college STEM lab instructors regarding social, teaching, and cognitive presences in online versions of their lab courses during ERT. Data were collected using semistructured interviews …


Maintaining Number Sense Mastery In Urban Primary Grades, Colese Brown Jun 2025

Maintaining Number Sense Mastery In Urban Primary Grades, Colese Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed in this study was that urban kindergarten to third grade students demonstrated decreased levels of number sense mastery on state-mandated assessments as they matriculated across grade levels. The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore school-based educators’ perceptions on what they believe are the reasons urban students demonstrated decreased levels of number sense mastery, and to identify what improvements are needed to support teachers in determining students’ zone of proximal development (ZPD) while scaffolding students towards number sense mastery. The conceptual framework comprised Bruner’s theory of instruction and Vygotsky’s ZPD. A purposeful sample of six …


Sustainability Of Private Historically Black Colleges Or Universities, Herbert A. Stewart Jun 2025

Sustainability Of Private Historically Black Colleges Or Universities, Herbert A. Stewart

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, private Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have been declining in enrollment, revenues, and profitability, and many have closed permanently. The problem, which is important to HBCU leaders, is the lack effective strategies for sustainability. Grounded in the transformational leadership theory as the conceptual framework, the purpose of this pragmatic inquiry research project was to explore the successful strategies some successful HBCU leaders have used to increase enrollment and maintain profitability for sustainability. Data were collected through personal interviews and publicly available documents or documents provided by participants. Yin’s 5-step process was used for data analysis, which …


Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Methods For Digital Financial Services In Sub-Saharan Africa, Emmanuel Niyikora Jun 2025

Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Methods For Digital Financial Services In Sub-Saharan Africa, Emmanuel Niyikora

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The rapid growth of digital financial services (DFS) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has significantly expanded access to financial services for underserved populations. However, cybersecurity managers within telecommunications regulatory agencies in SSA remain concerned about emerging cyber threats that pose risks to DFS providers and their customers, potentially undermining trust and economic growth. Grounded in the technology-organization-environment framework, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to explore strategies cybersecurity managers within telecommunications regulatory bodies in SSA use to assess the cybersecurity readiness of DFS providers. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with six cybersecurity managers from telecommunications regulatory bodies …


Faculty Implementation Of Online Teaching Practices Learned In A Professional Development Course, Laurie Ann Pendleton Jun 2025

Faculty Implementation Of Online Teaching Practices Learned In A Professional Development Course, Laurie Ann Pendleton

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed through this study was the low implementation rate of practices learned during professional development courses which can limit positive student outcomes. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify the challenges online faculty encounter when implementing teaching practices learned in an online PD course in effective online teaching practices and to better understand the characteristics of the practices they were able to implement. Rogers's diffusion of innovation theory grounded the study. In this basic qualitative study, semistructured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 12 participants who recently completed the course and responded to an …


Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Benefits Of Art Education For Elementary Students With Autism, Brenda Lynn Miller Jun 2025

Teachers’ Perceptions Of The Benefits Of Art Education For Elementary Students With Autism, Brenda Lynn Miller

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem addressed in this study was the lack of knowledge regarding art teachers’ perceptions of the social and emotional benefits of art classes for elementary school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to explore elementary school art teachers’ perspectives regarding the social and emotional benefits of school-based art education for elementary school students with ASD. Schweizer et al.’s art therapy model was the conceptual framework. Semistructured interviews from 12 elementary school art teachers were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using axial coding procedures and thematic analysis. Results produced the …


Effective Strategies Nursing Home Leaders Use To Implement Changes And Increase Staff Retention And The Quality Of Patient Care, Evaristus C. Chu Jun 2025

Effective Strategies Nursing Home Leaders Use To Implement Changes And Increase Staff Retention And The Quality Of Patient Care, Evaristus C. Chu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Ineffective retention strategies for nursing home staff can negatively affect the continuity of patient care, employee morale, and patient outcomes. Nursing home leaders who struggle to implement changes and increase staff retention and quality of patient care are at high risk of business instability. Grounded in Greenleaf’s servant leadership conceptualization and Kotter’s eight-step change model, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry was to explore strategies nursing home leaders use to implement change, retain staff, and enhance the quality of patient care. Data sources consisted of semistructured interviews, public websites, and current and archival public documents. Thematic analysis yielded five …


The Impact Of The 2017 Square Footage Requirement On New Jersey Supplemental Nutrition Program For Women, Infants, And Children (Wic) Vendors, Carmelo Rodriguez Jun 2025

The Impact Of The 2017 Square Footage Requirement On New Jersey Supplemental Nutrition Program For Women, Infants, And Children (Wic) Vendors, Carmelo Rodriguez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This study examined the impact of the 2017 New Jersey regulation requiring vendors to have 1,000 square feet of retail space in order to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food program. Specifically, it examined vendors' role in developing the policy and their perspectives on its implementation. Previous research indicated improved policy outcomes by including policy targets in policy dialogue, but there was a lack of research exploring the experiences of vendors. Not known was how the policy affected WIC vendors, the essential frontline suppliers of nutritional foods to WIC participants. The purpose of …


Self-Initiated Police Activity, Crime, And Complaints Against Police, Vincent Joseph Schaan Jun 2025

Self-Initiated Police Activity, Crime, And Complaints Against Police, Vincent Joseph Schaan

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This quantitative study aimed to examine the statistical relationship between self-initiated police activity, citizen complaints against police officers, sustained findings of misconduct, and crime within three police agencies located in the southwest United States. Prevailing law enforcement perception fueled by protests and riots infers that reducing proactive policing will decrease complaints. Using chi-square and binary logistic regression, this study analyzed 53,585 police and public contacts to answer three core questions. The statistical tests found a statistically significant inverse relationship between self-initiated police activity and complaints against police, with an odds ratio of 2.386 (95% CI: 1.62,3.50; p<.001). The findings indicate that officers who engage in self-initiated police activity have a 35.95% lower statistical probability of facing a citizen complaint. This study also found no statistically significant relationship between actual police misconduct and self-initiated police activity. The findings advocate for evidence-based decision-making based on statistical data, which found a reduced probability of complaints when law enforcement officers initiate public and police interactions. These findings contribute to positive social change by providing critical knowledge and information, and creating the potential for law enforcement officers and agencies to improve their relationships with the public by reducing complaints. Increasing self-initiated police activity provides a gateway to a reduction in crime and fewer complaints against police; therefore, data and information may motivate agencies and officers to increase self-initiated police activity to help reduce complaints and reduce crime.


Successful Strategies Used By Leaders In The U.S. Medical Device Industry To Increase Employee Engagement, Jason Brockway Jun 2025

Successful Strategies Used By Leaders In The U.S. Medical Device Industry To Increase Employee Engagement, Jason Brockway

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Disengaged employees present significant challenges to firm profitability and competitiveness in the U.S. medical device industry. Leaders of U.S. medical device firms are concerned disengaged employees could negatively impact organizational sustainability. The purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry study was to explore strategies used by leaders in the U.S. medical device industry to enhance employee engagement. Purposeful sampling of six medical device leaders in Massachusetts was used; participants held leadership roles, had at least five years of leadership experience, and were directly involved in employee engagement. The study was grounded in Kahn’s engagement theory, focusing on psychological meaningfulness, safety, and …


International Space Station Deorbit: A Qualitative Study On Aerospace Employees Perceptions Of Their Job During Decommission, Jesse Hudson Jun 2025

International Space Station Deorbit: A Qualitative Study On Aerospace Employees Perceptions Of Their Job During Decommission, Jesse Hudson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The decommissioning of the International Space Station (ISS) represents a significant organizational transition. Despite parallels with previous National Aeronautics and Space Administration program closures, research has not fully examined the human impact of such mission-driven disruptions. Employees face uncertainties regarding job roles, the relevance of specialized skills, and the future within a rapidly commercializing space sector. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore how aerospace employees perceive and navigate the psychological and professional challenges associated with the ISS decommissioning. Bridges’ transition model and affective events theory grounded this study. The participants were 12 current aerospace employees who …


Lived Experiences Of Nurses Caring For Patients With Opioid Use Disorder, Oneatha Alexander Jun 2025

Lived Experiences Of Nurses Caring For Patients With Opioid Use Disorder, Oneatha Alexander

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Opioid abuse is a significant problem in the United States. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) visit the emergency room (ER) for pain management. OUD is the overuse and abuse of opioids, which can result in dependence, relapses, and death. Nurses in the ER and medical-surgical units face challenges in distinguishing OUD from chronic pain. The purpose of this qualitative interpretive phenomenological study, guided by Benner’s novice-to-expert framework, was to explore the lived experiences of ER and medical-surgical nurses who provide care to OUD patients. Eight ER and medical-surgical nurses were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The main themes from coding …