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Relationship Between Self-Silencing And Self-Neglect Behaviors And Disordered Eating And Stigma Toward Seeking Behavioral Health Support Among Black Women Who Adopt The Superwoman Schema, Veanda Hemphill
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Self-silencing and self-neglect behaviors, key dimensions of the superwoman schema (SWS), function as protective coping mechanisms in response to psychosocial stressors. However, these behaviors often perpetuate self-sacrifice, leading to an increased risk of physical and mental health decline. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between self-silencing and self-neglect behaviors (independent variables) and disordered eating and stigma toward seeking support from behavioral health services (dependent variables) among Black women who adopt the SWS. The theoretical and conceptual frameworks of silencing the self and intersectionality guided this study. The 78 participants who self-identified as Black and …
Nurse Experiences Of Caring For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder In Los Angeles Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Makenna Brown
Nurse Experiences Of Caring For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder In Los Angeles Pediatric Intensive Care Units, Makenna Brown
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
One in 22 California children is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In combination with sensory considerations, healthcare costs, and increased healthcare utilization, these children face a lesser quality of care and poorer health outcomes. The literature addresses healthcare needs and experiences from various viewpoints, but does not address the experiences of nurses (RN) caring for children with ASD in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of RN’s challenges, and the helpful strategies utilized in practice. A qualitative, grounded study approach, centered on the patient-and-family centered care conceptual framework, was …
Hispanic Family Caregivers’ Experiences With Dementia Patients During The Covid-19 Emergency, Vivian Arroyo
Hispanic Family Caregivers’ Experiences With Dementia Patients During The Covid-19 Emergency, Vivian Arroyo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted caregiving dynamics, particularly for Hispanic family caregivers of dementia patients. This qualitative study explored the experiences, challenges, and coping strategies of these caregivers during the pandemic. The theoretical framework was systems theory. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 participants to collect data. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling and responded to open-ended questions regarding their caregiving experiences. The collected data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step thematic analysis The findings revealed four themes: (a) caregiving strategies, including time management, collaboration, and reliance on religious faith; (b) self-care experiences, which highlighted the balance between personal …
Individual And Community-Level Factors Influencing Hiv Testing Among Malawian Women, Miniratu Coker Lawal
Individual And Community-Level Factors Influencing Hiv Testing Among Malawian Women, Miniratu Coker Lawal
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The HIV/AIDS epidemic poses a significant public health challenge in Malawi, where women aged 15-49 years experience a higher HIV prevalence (10.8%) compared to men (7.0%). Despite free testing services, 17% of Malawian women have never been tested for HIV, hindering early diagnosis and treatment that could reduce transmission rates. Using Anderson's framework for health service utilization, this study examined how demographic factors (age, marital status, ethnicity, residence) and socioeconomic factors (education, wealth, employment) influence HIV testing among Malawian women aged 15-49 years. Two research questions guided this investigation: 1) the association between demographic factors and HIV testing after controlling …
Perceptions And Role Of Cultural Competency In Clinical Social Work Practice, Vivian Adelaide Aba Dadzie
Perceptions And Role Of Cultural Competency In Clinical Social Work Practice, Vivian Adelaide Aba Dadzie
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In practice, social workers are expected to translate cultural competency skills and knowledge they have acquired to handle diverse clients whose gender, racial, ethnic, religious, and personal beliefs and orientations can conflict. Using a qualitative research approach, the study addressed perceptions and roles of cultural competence in social work practice. Three research questions guided the study. The Campinha-Bacote framework of culturally competent healthcare was used for this study. The study involved employing thematic analysis to analyze research questions. It was determined that social workers must meet clients where they are culturally, respecting and learning from them to adapt interventions accordingly. …
Lived Experiences Of Geriatric African American Males In Recovery And Participation In Spiritual Social-Oriented Communities, Gail Venerable
Lived Experiences Of Geriatric African American Males In Recovery And Participation In Spiritual Social-Oriented Communities, Gail Venerable
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Substance use among older persons has increased among the aging baby boomer generation. At the same time, individuals aged 65 and beyond see increased longevity. The utilization of alcohol and drugs as a means of managing associated challenges has been shown to contribute to health problems that lead to a diminished quality of life and early death rates. Empirical investigations have demonstrated that social-oriented interventions such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) have a beneficial role in sustaining an individual’s recovery process. However, joining such programs may pose challenges for African American males 65 and older due to African Americans’ distrust of …
Employee Turnover Intention In Automotive Manufacturing: An Examination Of Job Satisfaction Components For Leaders, James Edward Carlin Vi
Employee Turnover Intention In Automotive Manufacturing: An Examination Of Job Satisfaction Components For Leaders, James Edward Carlin Vi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Hiring managers in the automotive manufacturing industry have consistently faced high turnover rates compared to other sectors, prompting efforts to understand the factors influencing employees' intention to leave. Recognizing the impact of turnover on profitability and knowledge retention, these managers require deeper insights into the underlying relationships to develop effective mitigation strategies. Grounded in Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between interpersonal relationships, recognition, and turnover intention. The participants consisted of 155 first-line supervisors within the automotive industry in the Midwest United States who responded to the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire Recognition …
Cancer-Related Stigma, Attitudes, And Cultural Beliefs On Intentions To Receive Lung Cancer Screening In African American Female Smokers, Sonia M. M Salmon-Gayle
Cancer-Related Stigma, Attitudes, And Cultural Beliefs On Intentions To Receive Lung Cancer Screening In African American Female Smokers, Sonia M. M Salmon-Gayle
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
In the United States, lung cancer is responsible for killing more people than prostate, breast, and colon cancer combined. African Americans are at a greater risk of dying from the disease due to the infrequency of early detection achieved through screening. This research focused on African American female smokers (AAFS) in the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia between the ages of 50 and 80 with a 20-year pack history and who were smoking or had quit within the past 15 years. A quantitative correlational research design was employed with a sample of 101 participants to explore the relationship between …
The Perceptions Of Nursing Faculty Who Experience Student Incivility Behavior, Dehlia Abaya Parsons
The Perceptions Of Nursing Faculty Who Experience Student Incivility Behavior, Dehlia Abaya Parsons
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Incivility among nursing students is well documented in the academic, clinical, and leadership literature. Student incivility towards faculty was less studied, and merited investigation because incivility can lead to faculty discontentment, stress, and attrition, exacerbating the scarcity of nursing faculty. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study, which was underpinned by the health belief model, was to explore the perceptions of nursing faculty who experience student incivility in the Western region of the United States. Open-ended, semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 nursing faculty who shared perceptions of their experience of student incivility behavior. Open coding and thematic analysis yielded …
Violence Among Nigeria’S Female And Predictors Of Help-Seeking Behavior Using Technology, Abayomi Karunwi
Violence Among Nigeria’S Female And Predictors Of Help-Seeking Behavior Using Technology, Abayomi Karunwi
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The decision-making autonomy of female intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors to make financial transactions is a stronger predictor of help-seeking behavior that is not yet fully explored. Despite the plausibility of using the mobile phone for financial transactions, it is yet to be explored as a predictor of help-seeking behavior after IPV events through digital financial inclusion. The dataset from the 2018 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey was used to explore if digital financial inclusion could predict help-seeking behavior instead of the severity of abuse among ever-partnered Nigerian female IPV survivors (aged 15 to 49 years) who use their mobile phones …
Opioid Use Disorder In Region 9 Of Louisiana: Using Labeling Theory To Understand The Layperson's Perception, Sara Elizabeth Dupree-Wolf
Opioid Use Disorder In Region 9 Of Louisiana: Using Labeling Theory To Understand The Layperson's Perception, Sara Elizabeth Dupree-Wolf
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The overall research problem in this research study was that there were no current data related to the layperson's perception of opioid use disorder using labeling theory in Region 9 of Louisiana. This study is essential because opioid use disorder affects people worldwide, and the number of people diagnosed with opioid use disorder rises annually. Annually, thousands of people overdose, with a plethora of these overdoses resulting in death, due to opiate use. These deaths are unnecessary because there are treatment options and resources available. However, stigma and fear keep people from accessing potentially lifesaving resources. The purpose was to …
Predictors Of Treatment Adherence Among Individuals With Bipolar Disorder And Comorbid Substance Use Disorders, Monique Dawn Romeo
Predictors Of Treatment Adherence Among Individuals With Bipolar Disorder And Comorbid Substance Use Disorders, Monique Dawn Romeo
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) require lifelong treatment to manage their symptoms, and many also struggle with comorbid substance use disorders (BD-SUD) that complicate treatment adherence. Despite these challenges, there has been limited research on what factors predict successful treatment adherence in this population. This study was thus conducted to identify key predictors of adherence among individuals with BD-SUD. Several factors were examined, including age, gender, type of substance used at admission, opioid medication-assisted therapy, length of stay in inpatient psychiatric care, type of discharge service, and participation in self-help groups before discharge. The study applied a donut model framework …
The Impacts Of Software Development Methodologies On New Model Success Rate In The U.S. Automotive Industry, Marquita Aleatrice Tucker
The Impacts Of Software Development Methodologies On New Model Success Rate In The U.S. Automotive Industry, Marquita Aleatrice Tucker
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Since 2017, the U.S. automotive industry has experienced a decrease in new-model launch success rate. A single 12-month delay in a new vehicle launch may cost a manufacturer up to $200 million. One component of automotive product development is software development. The research problem was a lack of understanding of the challenges with software development methodologies from the perspective of software developers, preventing managers from implementing methodologies, policies, and processes to improve the rates of successful new model launches. The purpose and the research questions were focused on exploring the lived experiences of software developers in the U.S. automotive industry …
Aviation Maintenance Technicians’ Perceptions Of Safety Management System Implementation At Maintenance, Repair, And Overhaul Facilities, Stanley Matthew Losiewicz
Aviation Maintenance Technicians’ Perceptions Of Safety Management System Implementation At Maintenance, Repair, And Overhaul Facilities, Stanley Matthew Losiewicz
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
A safety management system (SMS) is challenging for an aviation maintenance facility and even more significant for the aviation maintenance technicians (AMTs) entrusted to perform the work due to organizational, methodological, and consistency issues. The incorporation of an SMS is new in the United States for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facilities that operate under the Code of Federal Regulations Part 145. AMTs constitute the bulk of the workers in an MRO. By default, a safety culture and safety consciousness existed in MROs prior to an SMS, and this study was conducted to understand the perceptions of the AMTs in …
Factors Related To Employment Of Previously Incarcerated Individuals, Toni Victoria Lewis
Factors Related To Employment Of Previously Incarcerated Individuals, Toni Victoria Lewis
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Employment amongst previously incarcerated individuals is a concern of the criminal justice system because being employed is considered a mitigator of reincarceration. While there is research about the stigma of incarceration in gaining employment, little is known about the factors associated with individuals being able to find employment. The purpose of this quantitative, correlational study was to identify whether there is a direct correlation between individual demographic features and employment status of individuals after 1 year or more of previously being incarcerated in North Carolina. General strain theory was the theoretical framework. The key research question focused on how release …
Heteronormative Factors That Affect Black Lesbian Women’S Parenting Desires, Keona Nicole Prude
Heteronormative Factors That Affect Black Lesbian Women’S Parenting Desires, Keona Nicole Prude
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Stigma, prejudice, and stereotypes, key components of heteronormativity, impact the perceptions, behaviors, health, and psychosocial well-being of lesbian women, potentially undermining self-acceptance, causing internalized homophobia. The generic qualitative study aimed to understand the experiences of Black lesbian women navigating heteronormativity in relation to their parenting desires. Participants included Black lesbians, aged 25-35, who spoke English and had parenting desires within a lesbian relationship. Recruitment occurred via social media and local queer-supporting and parenting organizations. Guided by queer theory and minority stress theory, data were collected through semistructured interviews with 15 African American women in lesbian relationships with desiring parenthood. Thematic …
Predictors Of Older Adults' Confidence In Avoiding Drug Interactions, Ginalynn Cabanas Garces
Predictors Of Older Adults' Confidence In Avoiding Drug Interactions, Ginalynn Cabanas Garces
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Adverse drug interactions due to polypharmacy pose a significant global health concern, particularly for older adults. Age-related physiological changes increase vulnerability to medication-related issues, with adverse drug reactions often mistaken for normal aging. These misdiagnoses can lead to prescribing cascades and preventable harm. Despite evidence supporting comprehensive medication reviews and clinical guidelines, their application remains inconsistent across healthcare settings. This quantitative archival analysis aimed to identify critical risk factors—such as age, sex, race, education level, medication complexity, drug interaction discussions, number of prescriptions, and overall physical and mental health—that influence older adults’ confidence in avoiding drug interactions. Grounded in the …
Childhood Religious Participation As Mediator For Posttraumatic Symptoms And A Joyful Disposition In Adulthood, Kara S. Mccoy
Childhood Religious Participation As Mediator For Posttraumatic Symptoms And A Joyful Disposition In Adulthood, Kara S. Mccoy
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Individuals who have experienced trauma may have varying life experience outcomes based on trauma histories and other factors. Little to no study has been done to determine whether childhood religious involvement can be a mediating factor. The purpose of this quantitative study was to test if any potential mediating effects exist between childhood religious attendance, the presence of joyfulness in life, and adult posttraumatic symptoms. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was Kenneth Pargament’s theory of religious coping. Data were collected in a secure fashion utilizing Survey Monkey, and all participants voluntarily answered questions that utilized the short posttraumatic …
Relationship Between Parental Neglect, Socioeconomic Status, And Aggression In Adolescents, Chemarin Eve Boyd
Relationship Between Parental Neglect, Socioeconomic Status, And Aggression In Adolescents, Chemarin Eve Boyd
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Aggressive behavior among adolescents poses significant challenges for families, educators, and communities, often stemming from complex interactions between parental behavior and environmental factors. This quantitative nonexperimental study examined the relationship between parental neglect, socioeconomic status (SES), and adolescent aggression, guided by the parental acceptance-rejection theory. Data were collected from 250 parents of adolescents age 12-18 divided into two groups: those reporting no to low levels of aggression and those reporting moderate to high levels. Binary logistic regression was employed to predict the likelihood of adolescent aggression based on parental neglect (categorical) and SES (scale). The results demonstrated that parental neglect …
Effective Business Promotion Strategies Small Business Owners Use To Improve Revenue And Increase Business Viability, Shirley Owusu-Ankomah
Effective Business Promotion Strategies Small Business Owners Use To Improve Revenue And Increase Business Viability, Shirley Owusu-Ankomah
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Small businesses are vital to national and local economies, yet many struggle to sustain operations in the long term. A significant concern for small business owners is the lack of effective promotion strategies, a key factor in business failure. Grounded in open system theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to investigate the promotion strategies employed by small business owners to improve revenue and increase business viability. The participants were six small business owners from Sekondi-Takoradi in Ghana’s Western Region, who successfully utilized strategies to improve revenue and maintain their businesses. Data sources included semistructured interview data and …
Effective Business Promotion Strategies Small Business Owners Use To Improve Revenue And Increase Business Viability, Shirley Owusu-Ankomah
Effective Business Promotion Strategies Small Business Owners Use To Improve Revenue And Increase Business Viability, Shirley Owusu-Ankomah
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Small businesses are vital to national and local economies, yet many struggle to sustain operations in the long term. A significant concern for small business owners is the lack of effective promotion strategies, a key factor in business failure. Grounded in open system theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to investigate the promotion strategies employed by small business owners to improve revenue and increase business viability. The participants were six small business owners from Sekondi-Takoradi in Ghana’s Western Region, who successfully utilized strategies to improve revenue and maintain their businesses. Data sources included semistructured interview data and …
A Qualitative Analysis Of Awareness And Perceptions Of African Immigrant Men Regarding Hpv Vaccine Uptake In Children To Prevent Cervical Cancer, Netsai Nancy Mariga Andere
A Qualitative Analysis Of Awareness And Perceptions Of African Immigrant Men Regarding Hpv Vaccine Uptake In Children To Prevent Cervical Cancer, Netsai Nancy Mariga Andere
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Low Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance remains one of the most crucial disparities in the US by country of origin among children. The study aims to qualitatively explore the HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and perceptions among African immigrant men to help reduce the HPV-related cervical cancer burden among African immigrants living in the US. The health belief model (HBM) was used for this basic qualitative study of self-reported awareness and perception among African immigrant men in the US with responses from 11 individual interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data collected from the interview responses. Six themes …
Risk Factors For Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Amputations Among Black Americans, Darnell L. Blake
Risk Factors For Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Amputations Among Black Americans, Darnell L. Blake
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Evidence suggests that Black Americans (BAs) are at a significantly higher risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD)-related amputations. This study aimed to examine risk factors for non-traumatic lower extremity amputation (NTLEA) among BAs with PAD addressing a significant knowledge gap regarding racial disparities in PAD outcomes. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, which posits the interplay among personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior, this study examines how age, gender, income, and comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and diabetes influence NTLEA across various insurance types (private, Medicaid, Medicare, self-pay). This quantitative cross-sectional study used the 2020 National Inpatient Sample, 1% …
A Qualitative Analysis Of Awareness And Perceptions Of African Immigrant Men Regarding Hpv Vaccine Uptake In Children To Prevent Cervical Cancer, Netsai Nancy Mariga Andere
A Qualitative Analysis Of Awareness And Perceptions Of African Immigrant Men Regarding Hpv Vaccine Uptake In Children To Prevent Cervical Cancer, Netsai Nancy Mariga Andere
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Low Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance remains one of the most crucial disparities in the US by country of origin among children. The study aims to qualitatively explore the HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and perceptions among African immigrant men to help reduce the HPV-related cervical cancer burden among African immigrants living in the US. The health belief model (HBM) was used for this basic qualitative study of self-reported awareness and perception among African immigrant men in the US with responses from 11 individual interviews. Thematic analysis was utilized to analyze the data collected from the interview responses. Six themes …
Risk Factors For Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Amputations Among Black Americans, Darnell L. Blake
Risk Factors For Peripheral Artery Disease-Related Amputations Among Black Americans, Darnell L. Blake
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Evidence suggests that Black Americans (BAs) are at a significantly higher risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD)-related amputations. This study aimed to examine risk factors for non-traumatic lower extremity amputation (NTLEA) among BAs with PAD addressing a significant knowledge gap regarding racial disparities in PAD outcomes. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, which posits the interplay among personal factors, environmental influences, and behavior, this study examines how age, gender, income, and comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and diabetes influence NTLEA across various insurance types (private, Medicaid, Medicare, self-pay). This quantitative cross-sectional study used the 2020 National Inpatient Sample, 1% …
Childhood Religious Participation As Mediator For Posttraumatic Symptoms And A Joyful Disposition In Adulthood, Kara S. Mccoy
Childhood Religious Participation As Mediator For Posttraumatic Symptoms And A Joyful Disposition In Adulthood, Kara S. Mccoy
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Individuals who have experienced trauma may have varying life experience outcomes based on trauma histories and other factors. Little to no study has been done to determine whether childhood religious involvement can be a mediating factor. The purpose of this quantitative study was to test if any potential mediating effects exist between childhood religious attendance, the presence of joyfulness in life, and adult posttraumatic symptoms. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was Kenneth Pargament’s theory of religious coping. Data were collected in a secure fashion utilizing Survey Monkey, and all participants voluntarily answered questions that utilized the short posttraumatic …
Relationship Between Parental Neglect, Socioeconomic Status, And Aggression In Adolescents, Chemarin Eve Boyd
Relationship Between Parental Neglect, Socioeconomic Status, And Aggression In Adolescents, Chemarin Eve Boyd
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Aggressive behavior among adolescents poses significant challenges for families, educators, and communities, often stemming from complex interactions between parental behavior and environmental factors. This quantitative nonexperimental study examined the relationship between parental neglect, socioeconomic status (SES), and adolescent aggression, guided by the parental acceptance-rejection theory. Data were collected from 250 parents of adolescents age 12-18 divided into two groups: those reporting no to low levels of aggression and those reporting moderate to high levels. Binary logistic regression was employed to predict the likelihood of adolescent aggression based on parental neglect (categorical) and SES (scale). The results demonstrated that parental neglect …
Socially Learned Eating Pathology In African American Women (50+): A Narrative Inquiry, Patricia Ann Parker
Socially Learned Eating Pathology In African American Women (50+): A Narrative Inquiry, Patricia Ann Parker
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
This qualitative narrative study explored the lived experiences of African American women aged 50 and older who self-reported eating pathology and body image dissatisfaction. Disordered eating behaviors, including starvation, binge eating, excessive dieting, and purging, often function as maladaptive coping mechanisms for managing stress, regulating emotions, or responding to traumatic events. The study contributed to the literature by capturing detailed narratives that traced the development of disordered eating behaviors and body image dissatisfaction from early life through adulthood and across the lifespan. Grounded in Albert Bandura’s social cognitive and social learning theories and intersectionality theories, the research employed a robust …
Measuring Operational Vs. Organizational Stress Among Rural Law Enforcement In Western Colorado, Michael Stephen Scotto
Measuring Operational Vs. Organizational Stress Among Rural Law Enforcement In Western Colorado, Michael Stephen Scotto
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
New research on rural law enforcement stress levels reveals concerning implications for police reform and community safety, particularly in western Colorado where officers face unique challenges. This quantitative study examined age group differences in operational and organizational stress among rural law enforcement officers using one-way ANOVAs with post-hoc Tukey's HSD tests. The study of 191 rural officers found significant differences across age groups for both operational stress (F(2, 188) = 4.08, p = .018, η2 = .042) and organizational stress (F(2, 188) = 4.15, p = .017, η2 = .043), with officers aged 24-27 experiencing the highest stress levels. Organizational …
Measuring Operational Vs. Organizational Stress Among Rural Law Enforcement In Western Colorado, Michael Stephen Scotto
Measuring Operational Vs. Organizational Stress Among Rural Law Enforcement In Western Colorado, Michael Stephen Scotto
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
New research on rural law enforcement stress levels reveals concerning implications for police reform and community safety, particularly in western Colorado where officers face unique challenges. This quantitative study examined age group differences in operational and organizational stress among rural law enforcement officers using one-way ANOVAs with post-hoc Tukey's HSD tests. The study of 191 rural officers found significant differences across age groups for both operational stress (F(2, 188) = 4.08, p = .018, η2 = .042) and organizational stress (F(2, 188) = 4.15, p = .017, η2 = .043), with officers aged 24-27 experiencing the highest stress levels. Organizational …