Digital Commons Network^™

African Americans In North Dakota 1800-1940, Stephanie Abbot Roper

Theses and Dissertations

African Americans were present throughout the duration of white settlement and have been involved in every stage of North Dakota's history from 1800 to 1940. However, historians generally have neglected the existence of black people in North Dakota's past. This study examined the participation by African Americans in North Dakota's social and economic history from 1800 to 1940. Further, the author explored the motivations for African Americans entering and settling in the state and the reasons why only slightly over two hundred black residents remained in 1940.

Chapter II centered on the movement of former slaves out of the "Black …

Use Of Ozone To Remove Pathogens From Garrison Diversion Water, Tia Cruise

Theses and Dissertations

This report summarizes the design of an ozone disinfection system to remove fish pathogens from Lake Sakakawea for the Garrison Diversion Project. Three different flow rates, 50 MGD, 100 MGD, and 500 MGD were considered for the design. To design the system, laboratory tests were performed on filtered and unfiltered (raw) water obtained from Lake Sakakawea at the Snake Creek pumping station in Garrison North Dakota. Laboratory tests indicated a 99. 99 percent bacteria removal occurred with an ozone residual of 0.2 mg/Land a 5 minute contact time. It was also found that the water had an approximate ozone demand …

A Comparative Character Analysis Of Ruth And Kate In Harold Pinter's The Homecoming And Old Times: The Issues Of Need, Possession And Power, Daniel K. Dammel

Theses and Dissertations

In comparing Ruth of Harold Pinter’s The Homecoming and Kate of Pinter’s Old Times, it was necessary to analyze the women individually within the context of their respective plays. The focus of each distinct analysis is on the issues of need, possession and power, which are prevalent in both plays. Both Ruth and Kate elicit need in the other characters of their respective plays. The needs that Ruth and Kate evoke, and the process through which they elicit these needs were examined. Motivated by the needs Ruth and Kate elicit, the characters surrounding the women attempt to possess them. As …

The Temperature And Electric Field Effect On The Bismuth Tellurium Sulfide Thin Films In The Strong Localization Regime., Gong Liu

Theses and Dissertations

The I-V characteristics of the Bismuth Tellurium Sulfide (BTS) thin films were measured at low temperatures. The thin film was constructed in a configuration of field effect transistor (FET) and it has the thickness of only five atomic layers.A linear correspondence was observed between the conductance at high electric field and low temperature and the conductance at finite temperature with zero electric field. From this relationship the localization length of the sample was calculated. In the case of finite temperature and electric field, a good numerical fitting with an empirical formula was obtained. A physical explanation for the empirical formula …

Application Of Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering To Aggregation In Alumina Solutions., Semih S. Kumru

Theses and Dissertations

The aggregation of alumina particles, created by hydrolysis of aluminum nitrate solutions with sodium carbonate, was studied by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. The OH/Al ion ratios for the solutions ranged from 1.5 to 2.15. The hydrolysis process leads to formation of primary alumina subunits which rapidly aggregate to form mass fractal structures. The SAXS measurements, made at various stages of the aging process, showed that in addition to fractal aggregation, there was also a second process active in the solutions, which led to a break-up of the fractal structure. The scattering results were analyzed in terms of a modified …

The Prevention Of Aids: Assessment And Intervention In A Heterosexual College Population., Dawn Marie Ehde

Theses and Dissertations

In an examination of heterosexual college students' knowledge, attitudes, risk perception, and behavior as they relate to the prevention of AIDS in this population, the present study included two separate but related studies. The first study examined midwestern heterosexual students': (a) knowledge of HIV risk factors; (b) attitudes toward homosexuality, AIDS, and mandatory HIV testing; (c) sexual and other risk behavior; and (d) self-perception of risk for exposure to HIV. Students (N = 308) completed an assessment battery that included the AIDS Risk Behavior Knowledge Test, the AIDS Attitude Scale, the Sexual Risk Behavior Questionnaire, and a background questionnaire which …

Relation Of Religiosity To Expectations About Counseling, Christopher M. Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

The relationship between religiosity and beliefs about counseling was explored. The research hypothesis of this study was that religiosity and attitudes toward counseling are positively correlated. The measures used in specifying these constructs were the Expectations About Counseling - Brief form (EAC-B) and the Gladding, Lewis, and Adkins Scale of Religiosity (GLASR). The participants were first and second year college students. They were surveyed within the classroom setting, while given option for non-participation by instruction of informed consent.

Analyses included regression analysis of the scores on the tests, showing correlation between the constructs. Additional analyses compared the means and standard …

The Wilhelmstrasse And The Nazi Conspiracy To Wage Wars Of Aggression: An Investigation Into The Continuity Of German Foreign Office Influence On The Formulation Of Foreign Policy, 1871-1945, William Anthony Young

Theses and Dissertations

In the late forties, military tribunals held at Nuremberg tried several surviving key German diplomats, including Constantin von Neurath, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Ernst von Weizsaecker, and Ernst Woermann, for their part in the so-called Nazi conspiracy to wage wars of aggression. All of the diplomats on trial claimed that the German Foreign Office was innocent since it had no influence on the formulation of foreign policy: Hitler had acted as his own Foreign Minister. This thesis investigates to what extent these individuals and other diplomats influenced the making of foreign policy during the Third Reich, as well as examines the …

Optimization Of Great Plains Coal Gasification Using Aspen/Sp, Bradley C. Carpenter

Theses and Dissertations

The Dakota Gasification Company in Beulah, North Dakota operates the only commercial coal-to-synthetic natural gas (SNG) plant in the United States, and continued research on the plant's operations is of prime importance. An ASPEN/SP model of a Lurgi coal gasifier that will predict the impact of variable input parameters, such as coal composition and reactant feed flows, on production rates and efficiency is the first step in constructing a model of the entire plant to control its operation and optimize the economic performance of producing SNG.

A model, called RGAS, was developed with the combined effort of several researchers (Benjamin, …

A Unified Model For Multi-Phase Flow And Heat Transfer In Wellbores, Mohammad Mahbubul Ameen

Theses and Dissertations

Multiphase flow is a common occurrence in the chemical and petroleum industries. The objective of this study was to apply the principles of multiphase flow to the production of petroleum fluids. A unified model was developed to predict the pressure profiles in wellbores using models available in the literature, which was then used to develop a simulator. A rigorous approach was also taken to model heat transfer and predict the temperature profiles in wellbores unde, various circumstances.

Our model is capable of predicting the pressure profiles for various channel orientation and geometries. It can handle flow in vertical, and inclined …

Perception Of Leadership Style And Job Satisfaction, Carlos Holgado

Theses and Dissertations

The relationship between the perception of leadership behaviors, self-perception (managers and supervisors) vs. perception of others (staff members), and the level of job satisfaction of those staff members will be analyzed.

The main focus of the present study is to determine what the relationship is among the four basic leadership behaviors - Telling, Selling, Participating, and Delegating- based on the Situational Leadership theory (Hersey and Blanchard, 1974, 1982) perceived by staff members, and job satisfaction in terms of work, pay, opportunities for promotion, supervision style, relationship with coworkers-workers-workers-workers, and job in general according to the Job Satisfaction theory developed by …

Yoknapatawpha County In China: A Study Of Faulkner's Short Stories In Translation., Xian Liu

Theses and Dissertations

Since the meaningful impact of a word is context-dependent, this study investigates the cultural and semantic contexts of William Faulkner's short stories in both English and Chinese to determine whether the original is successfully "echoed." As controversial as Walter Benjamin's theory on translation is, "echoing" the original refocuses a literary translation on the overall effect rather than isolated wording. Despite its questionable practicality, it serves as the basic criterion in this study, which evaluates the quality of a translation through comparing the effect of the original with that of the translated in paralinguistic aspects such as voice, style, and dialect.Faulkner …

Patient Scheduling And Aircraft Routing For Strategic Aeromedical Evacuation, Michael J. Loftus

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study is to develop an approach that would assign patients to aeromedical evacuation aircraft and route each aircraft to a single CONUS airport. The goal is to minimize total patient wait time. A heuristic algorithm is developed which exploits the structure of the problem. The first subproblem solved is the assignment of aircraft to airports. This subproblem is solved using integer programming and the results are input into the second subproblem. The second subproblem is the patient to aircraft assignment problem. This subproblem minimizes patient wait time and is solved using network flow programming. The two …

An Investigation Of Graphite Peek Composite Under Compression With A Centrally Located Circular Discontinuity, Benjamin Wham Ii

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this thesis was to determine (both experimentally and analytically) the initiation and progression of failure, stress-strain response, and the failure loads of Graphite/Polyetheretherketone (Gr/PEEK) laminates, incorporating a centrally located circular discontinuity, loading in axial compression at room temperature. The laminates studied were (0°)₁₆,(90°)₁₆, (0°/90°)_4S, (± 45°)_4S, and (0°/±45°/90°)_2S. The specimens were loaded within a Boeing Open Hole Compression Fixture. The micromechanical failure modes were identified using a Scanning Electron Microscope. The analytical progression of failure was predicted using a nonlinear finite element code developed by Dr. R.S. …

Object-Oriented Database Access From Ada, Li Chou

Theses and Dissertations

Ada embodies many modern software engineering principles, namely, modifiability, efficiency, reliability, and understandability. Its powerful data abstraction allows programmers to easily model objects in the real world. A database management system (DBMS) provides long term storage. It provides a convenient and efficient environment to manipulate data. Currently, with Ada access to a DBMS is typically done through the use of a language extension and a preprocessor to convert the extensions to library calls appropriate for the DBMS. However, these systems are limited on more complex applications, such as computer-aided engineering design. Object-oriented design (OOD) is a new way of thinking …

The Effects Of Text Features, Task Requirements, And Learner Characteristics On The Spontaneous Lookback Behavior Of College Readers., Barbara Kay Bentz

Theses and Dissertations

The goal of the present study was to examine the efficiency of comprehension monitoring behavior in college students. Subjects read technical passages from a computer screen at their own rate. Immediately after reading each passage, subjects answered comprehension questions about information in the passage. Subjects were assigned to one of six reading conditions: (1) Inserted questions with the option to reread text spontaneously and look back in response to inserted questions. (2) Inserted questions with the option to reread spontaneously. (3) Inserted questions with the option to lookback in response to inserted questions. (4) Inserted questions without the option to …

Student Teaching Triads: Perceptions Of Participant Roles., Catherine E. Bain

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in perceptions of role responsibilities for the student teaching triad consisting of the student teacher, classroom supervisor and university supervisor. There were multiple hypotheses involved in the study including: (a) each of the members of the triad would have different perceptions of role responsibilities, (b) the student teaching process would cause student teacher perceptions to change, (c) perception of supervisors would be effected by experience, (d) all groups would feel that the descriptors were important and (e) the age of the student teacher would effect his or her perceptions. Both quantitative …

Spartan Ii: An Instructional High Resolution Land Combat Model, Edwin H. Harris Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

This project improved SPARTAN, a high resolution land combat model demonstrator. SPARTAN was originally developed as a hands-on trainer for land combat modeling students because there were no models specifically designed to teach the analysts how the models function. SPARTAN is built to demonstrate the techniques used in the current generation of US Army high resolution models. Like the original, the model is primarily a small scale attrition (both direct and indirect fire) model. The model represents 12 soldiers involved in the following processes: target search, target selection, direct fire engagement, indirect fire engagement, movement, reaction to fire, obstacle breaching, …

The Airlift Capabilities Estimation Prototype: A Case Study In Model Validation, Randy Mccanne

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the application of a life cycle approach to the validation of operational models. The classic waterfall life cycle from software engineering is adapted for use on mathematical models by defining four stages of model development. Each stage is discussed in detail and examples of the output from each stage are presented. In addition, techniques are investigated for applying the proposed life cycle to existing models through the recovery of life cycle stages. The methodology is applied to a linear programming model developed for planning airlift operations to demonstrate the power of the life cycle approach to validation. …

Theater Airlifter Survivability On The Ground, Michael A. Silver

Theses and Dissertations

Airlifter attrition can severely decrease the throughput of cargo during extended airlift operations. Much work has been done to enhance the tactical airlifter survivability in the air but little study has gone into airlifter survivability on the ground. This thesis develops a method to measure the threat to parked aircraft from ground weapons. Specific scenarios cover airlifter mobility on the ground, time to off-load cargo, short-field takeoff capability and attack by infantry weapons. A weapon is examined at each of several firing ranges to target. The threat to the aircraft is measured as the probability that the aircraft is hit. …

A Comparison Of Variable Selection Criteria For Multiple Linear Regression: A Second Simulation Study, David P. Woollard

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis implements a variable selection method proposed by Alan J. Miller, and makes an extension of Ross J. Hansen's 1988 thesis research by comparing the methods he examined: Minimum MSE, Minimum Sp, and Minimum Cp with Miller's method. Response Surface methodology is employed with two performance measures: the percentage of correct variables in a model and the Theoretical Mean Squared Error of Prediction (TMSEP). Each technique is applied on generated data with known multicollinearities, variances, random predictors, and sample sizes. Both performance measures are computed for models selected under each technique. A full factorial design using each performance measure …

An Analysis Of Tactical Airlifter Characteristics And Their Impact On Theater Airlift System Performance, John J. Koger

Theses and Dissertations

This study used computer simulation and Response Surface Technology to determine what tactical airlifter characteristics most impact theater airlift system performance in a Southwest Asia (SWA) scenario. Some Aircraft characteristics were grouped into functional sets, while others were considered individually. After screening one characteristic, reliability, with a two-level factorial experiment, a Box-Behnken design was used to estimate second-order metamodels. A stepwise regression procedure indicated that, if attrition rates are ignored, airlift system performance is most impacted by the aircraft's size, survivability, cruise speed, and ability to operate on short fields. The SWA scenario used in this study covers a large …

Estimating Test Range Capacity, Paul A. Mcdaniel

Theses and Dissertations

The main focus of this thesis effort was to develop a means to estimate the capacity of the test range complex at Eglin AFB, Florida. For the purposes of this study, test range capacity was defined as the maximum number of missions, of a given set, that could possibly be supported by range resources on any given day. In trying to determine this number, the complexities of the overall multi-resource constrained scheduling problem dictated a more practical approach be taken in modeling the allocation process of range resources to test missions. Therefore, a series of three single-resource, 0-1 integer programming …

Mitigation Of Shock Waves In A Cylindrical Tunnel By Foam, Grant W. Fondaw

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigated the effectiveness of foam linings in mitigating shock waves in tunnels. A polyurethane foam liner of varying density, crush strength and thickness was modeled inside a 1 meter radius tunnel and an explosion of 1.25 kg of plastic explosive was simulated. Using CTH, an Eulerian- Lagrangian hydrodynamics code from Sandia National Laboratories, the overpressures were computed and compared graphically to determine the effect of varying each foam parameter. The walls of the tunnel consisted of a perfectly reflecting boundary, and in some cases, a foam liner. Low density foam provided the most shock attenuation. with a 20 …

Using Animation In The Validation Of Simulation Models, Michael L. Carpenter

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined three aspects of animation (movement, color, and detail of icons) to determine which one (or ones) best communicated the operation of a simulation model. The procedure was done in the context of using animation to establish a model's face validity. Movement, color, and detail of icons were looked at individually and in combination. The ability to communicate was measured both subjectively and objectively. The subjective measures were a selection of best and worst animation types where best and worst referred to how well an animation communicated, and a pairwise comparison of the animation types which resulted in …

Understanding The Nature Of Bureaucracy: An Integration Of The Organizational And Public Choice Approaches, Rodney G. Vernon

Theses and Dissertations

Bureaucracy is a term that has taken on different meanings in the academic literature since its inception. Vincent de Gournay first coined the term during the eighteenth century to describe the illnesses of rule by officials. Since that time, the term has evolved in organizational theory to describe a form of rational hierarchical organization in the public and private sector and at the same time, the public choice school describes it as a class of institution associated with inefficiency. This study reviews the literature on bureaucracy and incorporates the insights of Austrian economic theory on information, rules, and uncertainty to …

Luminescence Study Of Ion-Implanted And Mbe-Grown Er-Doped Gaas And AlXGa1-XAs, Jose E. Colon

Theses and Dissertations

The excitation and de-excitation mechanisms of the 1.54 microns emissions, from ion implanted and MBE grown GaAs:Er and Al_xGa_1-xAs:Er, were studied through luminescence experiments. Experimental techniques included photoluminescence, time resolved photoluminescence, and selective excitation photoluminescence. The Er³⁺ emissions were studied as a function of Er concentration, aluminum mole friction, n- and p-type doping level, and annealing temperature. In addition oxygen co-doping studies were done in order to determine the role played by oxygen in the Er³⁺ luminescence.

Hoph Bifurcation In Viscous, Low Speed Flows About An Airfoil With Structural Coupling, Mark J. Lutton

Theses and Dissertations

The locations of Hopf bifurcation points associated with the viscous, incompressible flow about a NACA 0012 airfoil with structural coupling are computed for very low Reynolds numbers (<2000). A semi-implicit, first-order-accurate time integration algorithm is employed to solve the stream function-vorticity form of the Navier-Stokes equations. The formulation models the inclusion of simple structural elements affixed to the airfoil and captures the resulting airfoil motion. The equations describing the airfoil motion are integrated in time using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The dissertation is divided into two parts. In part one, numerical experiments are performed in the laminar regime to determine if the structural model of the airfoil has an effect upon the location of the Hopf bifurcation point when compared with the fixed airfoil. Results are reported for a variety of structural characteristics, including variations of torsional and linear spring constants, inertial properties, structural coupling, and structural damping. The structure of the solution space is explored by means of phase plots. In part two, the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model is implemented to model turbulent flow. A numerical effort is made to predict the onset of unsteady flow.

Design Of A Hardware Discrete Event Simulation Coprocessor, David W. Daniel

Theses and Dissertations

A hardware discrete event simulation (DES) coprocessor was designed to eliminate synchronization overhead as a possible bottleneck. The target architecture is an eight node Intel iPSC/2 Hypercube, but this design has application to future CPU designs that wish to incorporate on-chip architectural features to better support parallel processor synchronization. A structural description of a general-purpose DES hardware coprocessor is given with approximately 90 percent of the components written at the gate level. The remaining components use low-level behavioral descriptions. While the DES coprocessor microcode implements the Chandy-Misra protocol, general-purpose support for a wide-range of protocols was a primary hardware design …

An Immersive Synthetic Environment For Observation And Interaction With A Large Volume Of Interest, Rex G. Haddix Iii

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addresses the initial development of a Synthetic Battlebridge System designed to provide the user with a synthetic three- dimensional view of moving and stationary vehicles dispersed over a hundred thousand cubic mile volume. The system contains provisions to allow a user to view the battlefield either in the Polhemus LookingGlass™ fiber optic based high resolution head mounted display, a standard CRT, or through the Fake Space Labs BOOM2M™ high resolution monochrome display. Users can also video tape a session in the Synthetic Battlebridge System. A voice recognition system provides user interaction to the Synthetic Battlebridge System. Using a …