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Deciphering The Microbial Fingerprint Of Covid-19: A Multi-Layered Exploration Of The Oral And Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis, Iman Mostafa Sultan
Deciphering The Microbial Fingerprint Of Covid-19: A Multi-Layered Exploration Of The Oral And Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis, Iman Mostafa Sultan
Theses and Dissertations
The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the human microbiome remains a dynamic and intricate puzzle. This study delves deeper into this mystery by revisiting the oral and gut microbial compositions of 53 COVID-19 patients before and after viral clearance, alongside comparisons to 76 healthy individuals. Through a comparative lens, we have emploed two distinct differential abundance methods – DeSeq2 and ANCOM – while drawing upon the thorough SILVA database encompassing the full-length 16S rRNA gene. The analysis underscores the crucial role of a diverse methodological choir in microbiome research. In certain instances, the congruence between DeSeq2 and ANCOM may exhibit …
Effect Of Plumbagin On Chemo-Resistant Metastatic Retinoblastoma, John J. Soto
Effect Of Plumbagin On Chemo-Resistant Metastatic Retinoblastoma, John J. Soto
Theses and Dissertations
Retinoblastoma, which is an ocular malignancy, usually results in poor prognoses in pediatric patients worldwide. Retinoblastoma in some events, can develop metastatic phenotypes which can lead to secondary tumor formation, furthering deleterious patient outcomes. It is of paramount importance to identify and research potent novel compounds that can be used to increase the likelihood of remission. Plumbagin (PLB) is a plant-derived, neuroprotective agent, which exhibits significant anticancer activities during in vitro study. PLB has been shown to have a high therapeutic efficacy against chemoresistant sublines as well as their normal counterparts. We attempted to show that the chemoresistant ABCC1 could …
Evaluating The Influence Of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid Exposure On Blood Glucose Levels: A Comprehensive Multiple Regression Analysis Considering Confounding Factors, Henry Mensah
Theses and Dissertations
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are widely used for industrial and commercial purposes and have received increasing attention due to their adverse effects on health. This thesis investigates the relationship between PFOS exposure and blood glucose levels, considering potential confounding factors. Regression analysis was conducted on a dataset comprising demographic, lifestyle, and biomarker data from a diverse population sample. Sex exhibited a significant role, with females demonstrating an 11.77% increase in blood glucose levels in response to PFOS exposure compared to males, supported by a p-value of 1.04 × 109. Body mass index (BMI) also played a pivotal role, revealing a 2.17% …
Beyond The Ivory Tower: The Underrepresentation Of African American Women In The Academe, Ashia Hall Muhammad
Beyond The Ivory Tower: The Underrepresentation Of African American Women In The Academe, Ashia Hall Muhammad
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation addressed the underrepresentation of African American women attaining doctoral degrees at universities across the nation. It also explored the McNair Scholars Program, and the role the program played in preparing African American female students for graduate school and completion of the doctoral degree. In line with the phenomenology research design, semi structured interviews were conducted with five participants to gain a better understanding of their lived experiences. The interview protocol for this study was approved by the University of Arkansas at Little Rock Institutional Review Board. Thick descriptions of the participants' experiences were explored to gain insight on …
Integrated Computational Approaches: Elucidating Molecular Mechanisms Of Pathogenic Proteins And Designing Novel Inhibitors Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Sars-Cov-2, Justin David Carbone
Integrated Computational Approaches: Elucidating Molecular Mechanisms Of Pathogenic Proteins And Designing Novel Inhibitors Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis And Sars-Cov-2, Justin David Carbone
Theses and Dissertations
Chapter 1 introduces computational strategies in computer aided drug design (CADD), focusing on physics-based methodologies to enhance drug discovery. This chapter also discusses the theoretical foundations and practical applications of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations including free energy and stochastic kinetic analysis. In Chapter 2, CADD methods lead to development of inhibitors targeting the RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP) of SARS-CoV-2. Inspired by the nucleotide inhibitor Molnupiravir, we aim to design a combinatorial library of 72 novel inhibitors capable of impeding a dual threat inhibition mechanism inducing lethal mutations along with stalling viral replication with specific selectivity to RdRp over Human …
Voices From The Marginalized: The Experiences Black Employees Have On Search Committees And The Role Of Institutional Racism, Jacqueline Drummer
Voices From The Marginalized: The Experiences Black Employees Have On Search Committees And The Role Of Institutional Racism, Jacqueline Drummer
Theses and Dissertations
The history of Black people across the globe is marred by structural racism created by colonialism. Structural racism is deeply embedded in the American culture and academia is not excluded from this phenomenon. The research demonstrates that the problem of racism is not only prevalent in four-year academic institutions but also exists in two-year colleges. Our academic institutions are a microcosm of the broader society whereby we bring our worldviews, biases, and beliefs with us into the workplace. When these views are negative towards marginalized groups, actions can be adverse and impact the experiences of these demographics. My qualitative single …
Woosah! Minoritized Student Affairs Professionals: Navigating Racial Battle Fatigue At A Predominately White Institution, Julius J. Grayson
Woosah! Minoritized Student Affairs Professionals: Navigating Racial Battle Fatigue At A Predominately White Institution, Julius J. Grayson
Theses and Dissertations
Using an interpretative phenomenological analysis this study explored the rich experiences of seven racially minoritized student affairs professionals (RMSAPs) who experienced racial battle fatigue (RBF) and the impact it had on their health at a predominantly white institution (PWI). Social psychological research has identified both blatant and subtle forms of racial discrimination have adverse which lead to deleterious mental health outcomes for racially minoritized individuals. The findings indicated that these racially minoritized student affairs professionals were experiencing racial microaggressions and racial battle fatigue at their predominately white institution. In order to reclaim their wellness, participants shared the strategies they used …
Differential Effects Of Social Media On Body Esteem: An Ecological Momentary Assessment On Weight Satisfaction And Muscularity Importance, Megan Van Alfen Brown
Differential Effects Of Social Media On Body Esteem: An Ecological Momentary Assessment On Weight Satisfaction And Muscularity Importance, Megan Van Alfen Brown
Theses and Dissertations
This study investigated how social media use is related to body esteem (particularly weight satisfaction and muscularity importance) in adolescents. We conducted a 17-day Ecological Momentary Assessment study among 183 adolescents (12–17 years, 58% girls). Each adolescent reported on his/her social media use, weight satisfaction, and muscularity importance four times per day (68 assessments per participant; 6,863 completed in total). Using a person-specific, N=1 method of analysis (Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling), we found that at the between-person level, social media use is not associated with lower satisfaction with one’s weight and greater importance of looking masculine. At the within-person level, …
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Synthesized By Hot Water Treatment For The Photocatalytic Degradation Of Organic Pollutants In Water, Ranjitha Kumarapuram Hariharalakshmanan
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures Synthesized By Hot Water Treatment For The Photocatalytic Degradation Of Organic Pollutants In Water, Ranjitha Kumarapuram Hariharalakshmanan
Theses and Dissertations
Photocatalysis using nanostructured semiconductors for the degradation of organic pollutants has received significant attention as an advanced water treatment method. A photocatalyst absorbs light with energy greater than or equal to its band gap and generates electron-hole pairs. These electrons and holes take part in redox reactions in water to generate reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions, which can break down organic contaminants. However, this method has some challenges, such as electron-hole recombination, which reduces the efficiency, high cost of nanostructure synthesis, and reduced durability of nanostructured photocatalysts in suspension form. The immobilization of photocatalyst nanostructures …
Understanding The Relationship Between Perceived Childhood Experiences And Relationship With God, Remaz Bahaa
Understanding The Relationship Between Perceived Childhood Experiences And Relationship With God, Remaz Bahaa
Theses and Dissertations
The present study explores the relationship between perceived childhood experiences and one’s current relationship with God in an Egyptian Muslim sample. While such relationship has been researched in Western contexts, there is a notable gap in understanding these dynamics within Muslim Middle Eastern cultures. In this study, 180 participants, brought up in Muslim households, were given the following questionnaires: both versions of the Parental Acceptance Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) referring to the father and mother, Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), and Images of God (LAMBI Scale). The results presented the internal consistency of both the AGI and LAMBI scales with the …
The Inflammatory Exposome Of Major Depressive Disorder In An Egyptian Sample, Reem Deif
The Inflammatory Exposome Of Major Depressive Disorder In An Egyptian Sample, Reem Deif
Theses and Dissertations
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been recognized as a global public health concern affect-ing the lives of 264 million people with increasing prevalence worldwide. Inspired by the expo-somic research, this study aims to investigate the dynamic and complex interplay between dif-ferent demographic, lifestyle, environmental factors and bimolecular factors that are potentially involved in the pathology of MDD in a sample of Egyptian adults living in Cairo. This is in an attempt to acknowledge the biological underpinnings of MDD without underestimating the role of environmental influences. The context of Egypt provides richness to the current study given the national transition from …
Self-Determination Towards Regular Exercise Relates To Quality Of Life In Female College Students With At Least One Child, Toby Khung Chilai Roylance
Self-Determination Towards Regular Exercise Relates To Quality Of Life In Female College Students With At Least One Child, Toby Khung Chilai Roylance
Theses and Dissertations
Inspired by one of my daughters, Rachel Tam, and her journeys through motherhood while pursuing an MBA at Brigham Young University, this study was conceived from observing her struggle to balance academic responsibilities, motherhood, being a wife, and prenatal care. Her experience highlighted the significance of self-directed physical activity (PA) for young mothers pursuing higher education in a religious institution. This study explores the dynamics of PA, motivation, and well-being among 264 college-attending mothers from Brigham Young University Provo and BYU-Pathway Worldwide. These participants were selected from an online survey pool of over 1,500 female student respondents. All mothers in …
Towards An Inclusive Media Policy Framework Targeting Adolescents In Egypt, Saja Elgredly
Towards An Inclusive Media Policy Framework Targeting Adolescents In Egypt, Saja Elgredly
Theses and Dissertations
For years, adolescents have been lost between adulthood and childhood. This is even reflected in the policies that directly affect their lives and well-being. In Egypt, there has hardly been a clear political line on how the media should deal with adolescents. As this age group belongs to childhood, most of the laws and regulations are hardly dedicated to address them despite their different characteristics. Within the Egyptian context, there are children's laws concerned with basic children's rights and other laws that relate to the media. However, we notice a gap in adolescent-friendly laws, policies and regulations, especially in the …
Bridging The Gap Between Neuroscience And Education: What Are Teachers’ Perceptions Of Applying “Neuropedagogy” To High School Classrooms?, Hanan Rashwan
Theses and Dissertations
Teachers can use neurobiological explanations to evaluate students' behavior and performance and create more supportive learning settings in their school environment. There is a growing interest among educators regarding the potential benefits of incorporating neuroscience into teaching practices. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of how to effectively integrate cognitive neuroscience into teacher education programs to maximize its impact on student learning and teacher development. This study focuses on understanding teachers' views on the integration of neuroscience principles in educational settings by utilizing a questionnaire and interviews to gather data from participating teachers. The findings reveal that the …
Feasibility Of Oil Palm Agroforestry System: Evaluating The Application Of Oil Palm Ash For Enhancing Cherry Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum. Var. Nancy Rz) Production Using Brackish Water., Ime Joseph Bassey
Theses and Dissertations
Monoculture systems of oil palm production are ravaging the world’s tropical forests, causing deforestation and biodiversity loss, which contribute to climate change at an uncontrollable pace. Oil palm agroforestry systems (AFSs), one of the strategies of regenerative agriculture, have proven to reverse the unfavorable effects of the oil palm monoculture systems. A sustainable means of soil fertilization and irrigation must be explored to improve the feasibility of oil palm AFSs. This study evaluates the impact of the application of oil palm ash and brackish irrigation on cherry tomato production. The experiment was conducted in a hydroponic system using a 2*4 …
Transforming Orthopedic Surgery: Autonomous Image-Guided Techniques For Femur Fracture Robotic Surgery, Marzieh Sadat Saeedi-Hosseiny
Transforming Orthopedic Surgery: Autonomous Image-Guided Techniques For Femur Fracture Robotic Surgery, Marzieh Sadat Saeedi-Hosseiny
Theses and Dissertations
Long-bone fractures, particularly femur fractures, are prevalent and necessitate surgical intervention due to traumatic forces. Manual reduction procedures pose challenges, including excessive traction forces and reliance on limited X-ray imaging, resulting in malalignment-related complications and repeated surgeries. Current methods for femur fracture reduction are prone to inaccuracies, prolonged surgical times, and postoperative complications. This research introduces image-guided methods to automate a surgical robotic system, Robossis, to enhance femur alignment accuracy, reduce procedure times, and improve patient outcomes. To address these challenges, a marker-based approach utilizing a few X-ray images is developed to detect the spatial relative position of the femur …
Design And Fabrication Of Passive Microfluidic Devices For Enhancing Membrane-Based Biosensors, Tanner N. Wells
Design And Fabrication Of Passive Microfluidic Devices For Enhancing Membrane-Based Biosensors, Tanner N. Wells
Theses and Dissertations
Microfluidic devices and systems have demonstrated wide applicability in sample processing and analysis. The ability to integrate sample processing and analysis into a single platform is a key benefit of microfluidic technologies. This dissertation describes the design and fabrication two types of microfluidic devices developed to enhance membrane-based biosensors. First is a device for collecting particles into a highly confined region, locally enhancing their concentration. Second is a device for size-based particle separation capable of separating differently sized particles into separate streams. Both types of devices are fabricated with a thin top layer, providing a platform for synthetic membrane-based technologies. …
The Design, Prototyping, And Validation Of A New Wearable Sensor System For Monitoring Lumbar Spinal Motion In Daily Activities, Brianna Bischoff
The Design, Prototyping, And Validation Of A New Wearable Sensor System For Monitoring Lumbar Spinal Motion In Daily Activities, Brianna Bischoff
Theses and Dissertations
Lower back pain is a widespread problem affecting millions worldwide, because understanding its development and effective treatment remains challenging. Current treatment success is often evaluated using patient-reported outcomes, which tend to be qualitative and subjective in nature, making objective success measurement difficult. Wearable sensors can provide quantitative measurements, thereby helping physicians improve care for countless individuals around the world. These sensors also have the potential to provide longitudinal data on daily motion patterns, aiding in monitoring the progress of treatment plans for lower back pain. In this work it was hypothesized that a new wearable sensor garment that makes use …
Manipulating Colloidal Particles Using Chemical Gradients And Top-Down Control, Mark Nichols Mcdonald
Manipulating Colloidal Particles Using Chemical Gradients And Top-Down Control, Mark Nichols Mcdonald
Theses and Dissertations
Colloidal particles provide the ideal building blocks for the next generation of microdevices, such as advanced sensors and precision drug delivery systems. However, many such applications require the use of top-down (i.e. humanly controllable) forces to manipulate colloidal particles with single-particle precision, and current methods can only achieve such precision for small numbers of particles at a time. To address this challenge, we propose using chemical forces in combination with existing top-down techniques to enable the control of larger numbers of particles simultaneously. Controlling colloids using chemical reactions is a novel technique not typically utilized. Due to its distinct difference …
Leveraging Biological Mechanisms In Machine Learning, Kyle J. Rogers
Leveraging Biological Mechanisms In Machine Learning, Kyle J. Rogers
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis integrates biologically-inspired mechanisms into machine learning to develop novel tuning algorithms, gradient abstractions for depth-wise parallelism, and an original bias neuron design. We introduce neuromodulatory tuning, which uses neurotransmitter-inspired bias adjustments to enhance transfer learning in spiking and non-spiking neural networks, significantly reducing parameter usage while maintaining performance. Additionally, we propose a novel approach that decouples the backward pass of backpropagation using layer abstractions, inspired by feedback loops in biological systems, enabling depth-wise training parallelization. We further extend neuromodulatory tuning by designing spiking bias neurons that mimic dopamine neuron mechanisms, leading to the development of volumetric tuning. This …
Case Studies For Energy Efficient Machine Learning Inference Acceleration, Recep Erol
Case Studies For Energy Efficient Machine Learning Inference Acceleration, Recep Erol
Theses and Dissertations
The advancements in machine learning, deep learning and AI have yielded remarkable tools and innovations, but certain groups face barriers preventing their utilization of these technologies. This research identifies and categorizes these barriers, focusing on three distinct groups: those lacking computational power, seeking to deploy models across multiple devices, and struggling with optimization challenges in high-performance computing centers. The study highlights the disconnect between academia's proposed solutions and their practical integration within industries and research centers, emphasizing the lack of convenience and integration among existing tools. To bridge this gap, this research offers a multifaceted approach. Firstly, it introduces publicly …
Rapid, Direct Screening Of Priority Metal Contaminants In Environmental Systems With Reactive 3 D-Printed Cone Spray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry ( 3 D- Pcsi-Ms ), Jonathan Nzubechi Chilaka
Rapid, Direct Screening Of Priority Metal Contaminants In Environmental Systems With Reactive 3 D-Printed Cone Spray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry ( 3 D- Pcsi-Ms ), Jonathan Nzubechi Chilaka
Theses and Dissertations
Trace metal species are relatively common in our environment, and although some are essential to sustain life, exposure to elevated levels of toxic metals can detrimentally affect both human and animal health. Correspondingly, monitoring of such contaminants in environmental systems is critical to public safety. While various methods exist for sensitive and selective metal analysis for such applications, there remains a need for a rapid, cost-effective, and, ideally, portable solution for expedited results and more impactful remediation and sustainability initiatives. Here, we investigate the use of 3D-printed cone spray ionization-mass spectrometry (3D-PCSI-MS), a newer, spray-based ambient ionization method, with specialty …
Mapping The Mess: A Literate Activity Method For Teacher Research On Civic Literacies In Writing Classrooms, Brittany Larsen
Mapping The Mess: A Literate Activity Method For Teacher Research On Civic Literacies In Writing Classrooms, Brittany Larsen
Theses and Dissertations
Faced with an increasing need in higher education to address civic issues and prepare students for participation in democratic discussion, rhetoric and writing classrooms have become one space for including civic literacies, and meeting institutional demand for civic engagement. However, the complexities of changing tools, platforms, and means of civic participation require a similarly complex method for investigating teacher and student work and how to approach incorporating civic literacies into the writing and rhetoric classroom. Using a literate activity research method, teachers can incorporate concepts such as divergent uptake to guide their approaches for putting teacher and student materials in …
Reactivity To Environmental And Social Demands In Autistic And Neurotypical Adults: More Alike Than Different?, Mackenzie Marjorie Hyde
Reactivity To Environmental And Social Demands In Autistic And Neurotypical Adults: More Alike Than Different?, Mackenzie Marjorie Hyde
Theses and Dissertations
Lack of mutual understanding between autistic and neurotypical individuals contributes to the marginalization of the autistic community. This study aimed to investigate similarities in reactivity to environmental and social pressures between autistic and neurotypical adults in order to facility empathy between the communities. Participants were 328 young adults aged 18-26 years old. Twenty-eight young adults (14 female) reported a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 300 young adults (150 female) comprised a complimentary group of neurotypical individuals. Participants completed multiple standardized tests to measure autistic trait expression and an original survey that measured their reactivity to eight scenarios that …
An Investigation Of The Mindset Context And Its Downstream Effects On Marginalized Student Outcomes In College Stem Courses, Ronia Naim Kattoum
An Investigation Of The Mindset Context And Its Downstream Effects On Marginalized Student Outcomes In College Stem Courses, Ronia Naim Kattoum
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple national calls centered on critical thinking and social justice have been made to improve and reform higher education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses to increase the representation of students from marginalized groups in the STEM workforce and equip all students for success. To help answer this call, our project has two overarching goals: 1) Identify pathways to increase student success in STEM courses at a moderately selective metropolitan institution with a diverse population that can be generalized to similar institutions, and 2) determine how instructional practices influence perceptions of the learning environment, especially for marginalized students. …
Factors Surrounding Mental Health Well-Being For Male Adolescent Pacific Islanders, Melia Fonoimoana Garrett
Factors Surrounding Mental Health Well-Being For Male Adolescent Pacific Islanders, Melia Fonoimoana Garrett
Theses and Dissertations
Despite increasing mental health concerns, individuals from the Pacific Islands largely do not utilize the resources available to them (National Survey of Drug Use and Health, 2020). This is of particular concern among male adolescents within the population who are more at risk of mental health concerns. An interpretative phenomenological analysis focus group study was conducted in person with male adolescent Pacific Islanders (PI; ages 14–16) residing in one Western state (n = 3). Male adolescents reported that admitting to mental health concerns would greatly limit their academic, career, and personal ambitions due to the stigma attached. They also discussed …
A Study Assessing Stress Induction Methods And Regulation Genes, As Well As Cellular Ultrastructure And Automated Image Analysis In Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803, Rebekah White
Theses and Dissertations
In the world of microorganisms, cyanobacteria are a uniquely skilled powerhouse. They participate in global nutrient and carbon cycling. They can photosynthesize, which allows them to use sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce cellular energy. However, photosynthesis involves a lot of molecular interactions where environmental stresses can interfere, increasing the chances of oxidative stress and nutrient imbalances that can amplify deleterious effects. One such stress, iron limitation, is well-studied and its responses in the cell are known. This study assesses the differences between responses when induced by two different iron limitation methods. Then, a specific stress response regulator DspA, also …
Performance Evaluation Of A Novel Dual-Bed Gasification Reactor For The Production Of Green Energy, Ogooluwa Philip Ojo
Performance Evaluation Of A Novel Dual-Bed Gasification Reactor For The Production Of Green Energy, Ogooluwa Philip Ojo
Theses and Dissertations
The need to maximize current energy sources and create new ones has increased due to the world's growing energy demand and the depletion of major energy sources. Biomass and solid waste, such as wood, sawdust, plant wastes, paper, cardboard, and plastics, present promising carbon-neutral alternatives, collectively accounting for over 10% of global energy generation. The concept of integrating fixed and fluidized bed reactors in industrial applications needs additional research to ascertain the optimal configuration and interplay between these reactor types. Hence this research focuses on the utilization of a unique hybrid modular gasification system that combines fixed and fluidized bed …
Investigation Of Collision Cross Sections & Time-Resolved Structural Modification Of Biomolecules, Host-Guest Systems, & Small Molecules Using Ion Mobility & Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Noah Mismash
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the structures and structural changes of supramolecular host-guest systems, proteins, and other small molecules in the gas phase, utilizing a combination of computational modeling and experimental data. The primary instruments employed were a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICR-MS) and an ion mobility mass spectrometer (IM-MS). In the IM-MS experiments, the focus was on investigating the binding behavior of cyclodextrin macrocycles—specifically α, β, and γ-cyclodextrin—with per-fluoroalkane substances (PFAS), which are pervasive environmental contaminants. This investigation involved measuring ion-neutral collision cross sections and using computational modeling to determine whether PFAS compounds bind inside or outside the …
Discovery Of Oligomeric States And Small Molecules That Affect Deacylase Activities Of Human Sirtuin-2 (Sirt2), Jie Yang
Theses and Dissertations
Human sirtuin isoform 2 (SIRT2) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that removes various acyl modifications from lysine residues. SIRT2 is involved in many biological processes, such as transcription, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and metabolism. Due to its diverse functions, SIRT2 is implicated in various disease states, including cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. This dissertation aimed to understand the regulation of SIRT2’s deacylase activities and to discover small molecule modulators of SIRT2. In this work, we found that SIRT2 dimerized in solution, and the dimerization decreased the deacetylase activities without affecting the defatty-acylase activity of this protein. Dimerized SIRT2 dissociates into monomers upon …