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Understanding The Genetic Consequences Of Rapid Range Expansion: A Case Study Using The Invasive Microstegium Vimineum Trin. (Poaceae), Stephen Baker
Understanding The Genetic Consequences Of Rapid Range Expansion: A Case Study Using The Invasive Microstegium Vimineum Trin. (Poaceae), Stephen Baker
Theses and Dissertations
Global temperature changes are predicted to influence the distributions of plants and can have significant consequences for population genetic structure. Both the nature of these consequences and the processes that shape them are of interest for both conservation genetics and the development of realistic management programs. Rapid range expansion occurs on short temporal scales not conducive to conventional phylogeographical analyses. This paper presents the findings from a population genetic study of the invasive grass Microstegium vimineum Trin. A. Camus throughout the James River Basin of Virginia. Genotypic analysis using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers were used to test …
Factors Limiting Benthic Algal Abundance In Virginia Streams Of The Coastal Plain, Michael Brandt
Factors Limiting Benthic Algal Abundance In Virginia Streams Of The Coastal Plain, Michael Brandt
Theses and Dissertations
Algae are important components of stream food webs and often used in biomonitoring assessments. Little is known regarding the factors that limit their abundance in streams of the VA Coastal Plain. The surficial geology of the Coastal Plain is predominately sandy deposits which comprise the dominant substrate in streams of this region. In a comparative study of five streams located near the VCU Rice Center, we quantified substrate composition, light availability, and nutrient concentrations to assess their relative importance in determining benthic algal abundance. The proportion of stream area comprised of hard substrates was a significant predictor of variation in …
Novel Allosteric Inhibitors Of Thrombin, Bijoy Desai
Novel Allosteric Inhibitors Of Thrombin, Bijoy Desai
Theses and Dissertations
Thrombin is a critical enzyme involved in blood coagulation and haemostasis. For this reason the study of its interactions with substrates, inhibitors and modulator is essential. It is also a unique enzyme in the serine protease family because unlike enzymes like trypsin and chymotrypsin its activity is modulated by various endogenous and exogenous ligands. This is due to the presence of “exosites” on the thrombin surface. Exosite II, unlike exosite-I, has not been characterized for its allosteric effect. In order to understand the structural basis of interaction and inhibition of inhibitor 4AS, which possibly interacts with exosite-II, native bovine thrombin …
Fabrication And Characterization Of Bioactive, Composite Electrospun Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Intended For Cleft Palate Repair, Parthasarathy Madurantakam
Fabrication And Characterization Of Bioactive, Composite Electrospun Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Intended For Cleft Palate Repair, Parthasarathy Madurantakam
Theses and Dissertations
Tissue Engineering is a scientific discipline that aims to regenerate tissues and organs that are diseased, lost or congenitally absent. It encompasses the use of suitable synthetic equivalents of native extracellular matrix that may or may not be supplemented with cells or relevant growth factors. Such scaffolds are designed to reside at the site of implantation for a variable period of time during which they induce the regeneration of native tissue. During this time, they also provide a template for new cells to attach, infiltrate, differentiate into appropriate phenotype and eventually restore function of the concerned tissue. Among the factors …
Extreme Ultraviolet Polarimetry With Laser-Generated High-Order Harmonics: Characterization Of Uranium, Nicole Brimhall
Extreme Ultraviolet Polarimetry With Laser-Generated High-Order Harmonics: Characterization Of Uranium, Nicole Brimhall
Theses and Dissertations
We developed an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) polarimeter, which employs laser-generated high-order harmonics as the light source. This relatively high-flux, directional EUV source has available wavelengths between 10 nm and 47 nm with easily rotatable linear polarization. The polarimeter has allowed us to characterize the optical constants of materials that may be useful for EUV optics. The instrument has a versatile positioning system and a spectral resolution of about 180, and we have demonstrated that reflectance as low as 0.1% can be measured repeatably at EUV wavelengths. We investigate the high harmonic source used for polarimetry measurements by documenting the spatial …
The Genome Scale Metabolic Model Of Cryptosporidium Hominis: Inv209, Niti Vanee
The Genome Scale Metabolic Model Of Cryptosporidium Hominis: Inv209, Niti Vanee
Theses and Dissertations
The apicomplexan Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite of humans and other mammals. Cryptosporidium species cause acute gastro-enteritis and diarrheal disease in healthy humans and animals, and cause life-threatening infection in immuno-compromised individuals such as people with AIDS. It has a one-host life cycle and invades intestinal epithelial cells causing diarrhea, or more rarely the pulmonary epithelium. Cryptosporidium carries out all the asexual reproductive stages like several other apicomplexans. Current annotation of this organism predicts it to contain 3884 genes of which only 1581 genes have predicted functions. By using a combination of bioinformatics analysis, biochemical evidence, and high-throughput data, a …
Chaperone Association With Telomere Binding Proteins, Amy Depcrynski
Chaperone Association With Telomere Binding Proteins, Amy Depcrynski
Theses and Dissertations
The Hsp90 chaperone complex associates with the telomerase enzyme, facilitating the assembly of the ribonucleoprotein complex. While previous data from our laboratory indicate that Hsp90 and p23 remain stably associated with (functionally active) telomerase, more recent experiments suggest that these chaperones associate with telomeres independent of telomerase, presumably through a specific interaction with telomere binding proteins. The current study examines the novel interactions between TRF2, TRF1, TIN2 and TPP1 and molecular chaperones (Hsp90, Hsp70, p23). In vitro and in cell experiments have shown an interaction between TRF1 and TRF2 and the molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70. Inhibition of Hsp90 using …
Relationship Among Stress Of Labor, Support, And Childbirth Experience In Postpartum Mothers, Sasamon Srisuthisak
Relationship Among Stress Of Labor, Support, And Childbirth Experience In Postpartum Mothers, Sasamon Srisuthisak
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Due to the profound and life-changing aspects of giving birth and to each woman’s individualized birthing experience, it is important to understand the myriad of factors that contribute to a positive childbirth experience. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify factors related to a positive childbirth experience; (2) to examine relationships among women’s perceptions and personal evaluations of their childbirth experience, stress associated with labor pain, support from the nursing staff, initial contact with the baby following birth, support from partners, education, age, and obstetric history; and (3) to identify predictors of a positive childbirth experience. Method: …
Exploring The Methylation Status Of Rai1 And The Rai1 Consensus Binding Sequence, Eri Kamura
Exploring The Methylation Status Of Rai1 And The Rai1 Consensus Binding Sequence, Eri Kamura
Theses and Dissertations
Smith Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomalies/ mental retardation disorder caused by deletion or mutation of the RAI1 gene on chromosome 17p11.2. The majority of patients with SMS phenotypes have a deletion or mutation of RAI1. However, some patients have been observed with SMS-like phenotypes and yet have no deletions or mutations in the RAI1 gene. One possible explanation could be aberrant methylation of RAI1 since RAI1 is present and yet may be silenced. In order to study this possibility, patient cell lines were treated with 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine. RNA was extracted and real-time PCR was used to check the …
Analysis Of Secreted Phosphoprotein-24 And Its Effects During Osteoblast Differentiation In A Mesenchymal Stem Cell Model, Vasquez Jochen Granja
Analysis Of Secreted Phosphoprotein-24 And Its Effects During Osteoblast Differentiation In A Mesenchymal Stem Cell Model, Vasquez Jochen Granja
Theses and Dissertations
Musculoskeletal diseases, in particular osteoporosis, are increasingly becoming more prevalent in the U.S. due to the ageing population (Figure1). It is estimated that one-sixth of 300 million people in U.S. suffer from bone disorders or loss. About 10 million of those people above age 50 suffer from osteoporosis. Patients that suffer from osteoporosis have high morbidity and mortality rates. For instance, patients have decreased bone mineral density (BMD), a measurement of bone density that reflects the strength of bone as represented by calcium content. A decrease in BMD typically leads to an increased risk of bone fractures. In particular, hip …
The Trouble With Transfer, Kathryn Jane Groneman
The Trouble With Transfer, Kathryn Jane Groneman
Theses and Dissertations
It is hoped that the scientific reasoning skills taught in our biology courses will carry over to be applied in novel settings: to new concepts, future courses, other disciplines, and non-academic pursuits. This is the educational concept of transfer. Efforts over many years in the Cell Biology course at BYU to design effective assessment questions that measure competence in both deep understanding of conceptual principles and the ability to draw valid conclusions from experimental data have had at least one disquieting result. The transfer performance of many otherwise capable students is not very satisfactory. In order to explain this unsatisfactory …
Physiological Assessment Of Chenopodium Quinoa To Salt Stress, Arturo Jason Morales
Physiological Assessment Of Chenopodium Quinoa To Salt Stress, Arturo Jason Morales
Theses and Dissertations
The physiological responses to salt stress were measured in Chenopodium quinoa. In a greenhouse experiment, salt water was applied to the quinoa varieties, Chipaya and KU-2, and to the model halophyte Thellungiella halophila to assess their relative responses to salt stress. Height and weight data from a seven-week time course demonstrated that both cultivars exhibited greater tolerance to salt than T. halophila. In a growth chamber experiment, three quinoa cultivars, Chipaya, Ollague, and CICA 17 were hydroponically grown and physiological responses were measured with four salt treatments. Tissues collected from the growth chamber treatments were used to obtain …
Retinoic Acid Induced 1 Gene Analysis In Humans And Zebrafish, Bijal Vyas
Retinoic Acid Induced 1 Gene Analysis In Humans And Zebrafish, Bijal Vyas
Theses and Dissertations
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a complex mental retardation syndrome caused by deletion of 17p11.2 region or mutation of the RAI1 gene (retinoic acid induced 1). Individuals with SMS typically exhibit speech and motor delays, mental retardation, characteristic craniofacial and skeletal anomalies, and a distinct neurobehavioral phenotype that includes sleep disturbances, stereotypes, and maladaptive and self-injurious behaviors. RAI1 is thought to be a transcription factor modulating the expression of genes involved in a variety of cellular functions. Previous studies have shown the RAI1 gene being induced by retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A. RA plays a significant role in …
Ethnographic Literary Journalism, Christel Lane Swasey
Ethnographic Literary Journalism, Christel Lane Swasey
Theses and Dissertations
Leon Dash and Ted Conover have modeled an ethnographic approach to literary journalism. This approach combines literary journalism's compelling narrative techniques with ethnographic “naturalist-like” (Brewer, 2000) thoroughness and trustworthiness. Rosa Lee: A Mother in Urban America, by Leon Dash, and Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing, by Ted Conover, exemplify this painstaking method that skillfully uses the narrative craft, generates trustworthy data, and contributes to an academic body of knowledge as well as exposing findings to the general public. Dash, Conover, and others have demonstrated the synergy and problem-solving potential of merging anthropology with literary journalism, yet there is no …
High-Stakes Testing Under The No Child Left Behind Act: How Has It Impacted School Culture?, Rashel Anderson Tingey
High-Stakes Testing Under The No Child Left Behind Act: How Has It Impacted School Culture?, Rashel Anderson Tingey
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of high-stakes testing under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act on school culture. Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with first grade through sixth grade teachers and principals from two of Nebo School District's schools located in Utah. Their responses were categorized into twelve themes. Most of the teachers and principals reported that high-stakes testing negatively impacted student and teacher motivation, teaching and learning, and curriculum. They also discussed negative effects of the application questioned the accuracy of high-stakes testing. Fewer teachers and principals communicated positive effects of …
The Hurtful Relationship: A Longitudinal Study Of Relational Aggression And Physical Health In Marriage, Matthew P. Martin
The Hurtful Relationship: A Longitudinal Study Of Relational Aggression And Physical Health In Marriage, Matthew P. Martin
Theses and Dissertations
Previous literature has examined the link between overt marital conflict and physical health and found that negative interactions in marriage may lead to poorer health. Moreover, recent studies have identified relational aggression as a type of covert marital conflict. However, none have tested for effects of relational aggression on physical health in marriage. The purpose of this research is to further study this type of conflict by examining longitudinal dyadic data to determine how subtle, indirect marital conflict like relational aggression affects the health of spouses. Data from 316 couples, from the first two waves of the BYU Flourishing Families …
Structural Interactions Between The Α3Β1 Integrin And Mmp-2: A Potential Functional Role In Cell Adhesion, James Bowman
Structural Interactions Between The Α3Β1 Integrin And Mmp-2: A Potential Functional Role In Cell Adhesion, James Bowman
Theses and Dissertations
During cardiac development and in cardiac disease changes in hemodynamic load initiate events leading to remodeling of the ECM. This study addresses the hypothesis that interactions between Integrins and Metalloprotienases function to modulate cell adhesion in the cultured cardiac fibroblast. The fibroblast is positioned to detect and respond to changes in the mechanical load on the heart. Functionally the cardiac fibroblast is the primary cell type responsible for the production, maintenance, and remodeling of the cardiac interstitium. Matrix Metalloproteinases, specifically the Gelatinases, are expressed in concert during development and in disease with changes in the hemodynamic loading of the heart. …
Synthesis And Biochemical Studies On Sulfated Monomers Of Low Molecular Weight Lignins, Jenson Verghese
Synthesis And Biochemical Studies On Sulfated Monomers Of Low Molecular Weight Lignins, Jenson Verghese
Theses and Dissertations
Anticoagulants are used as the first line therapy for management and prevention of thrombotic disorders. Thrombin and factor Xa have been the prime targets for regulation of the coagulation cascade. In this work, a small library of 17 benzofuran derivatives were synthesized and screened against thrombin and factor Xa. The derivatives that displayed inhibitory potential were docked on the exosite-II of factor Xa using a docking protocol that was developed in our research group. These compounds were based on the β-5 structural unit found in the oligomer -'CDSO3‘, which was prepared in our lab and was found to inhibit both …
Autonomy-Dependency Paradox In Organization-Public Relationships: A Case Study Analysis Of A University Art Museum, Christopher E. Wilson
Autonomy-Dependency Paradox In Organization-Public Relationships: A Case Study Analysis Of A University Art Museum, Christopher E. Wilson
Theses and Dissertations
This study presents an exploration of the autonomy-dependence paradox inherent in organization-public relationships that is informed by paradox theory, structuration theory and scholarly and philosophical literature on authenticity. These theories suggest that relationships between organizations and their publics are defined by interdependence, or the centripetal and centrifugal forces of autonomy and dependence that cause tensions that can influence the decision making of the relational partners. They also suggest that organizations must use their agency, their knowledge of relational structures, and their understanding of their authentic selves to manage their own behavior and communication rather than that of their publics. The …
Portrayal Of Older People In Disney Live Action Films From The 1990s And 2000s, Jennifer Gail Martin
Portrayal Of Older People In Disney Live Action Films From The 1990s And 2000s, Jennifer Gail Martin
Theses and Dissertations
Children as young as three years old are scared of the idea of growing old, and negative stereotypes about older people have started to develop by the time children enter elementary school. Negative stereotyping of older characters has been found to be prevalent in all forms of media. Because children use media to figure out who they are and what the world is like, this study looks at some of the most popular films of the past two decades aimed toward children. This study is a content analysis of older major and minor characters from the 60 top grossing Disney …
Development Of Hint Based Computational Tools For Drug Design: Applications In The Design And Development Of Novel Anti-Cancer Agents, Ashutosh Tripathi
Development Of Hint Based Computational Tools For Drug Design: Applications In The Design And Development Of Novel Anti-Cancer Agents, Ashutosh Tripathi
Theses and Dissertations
The overall aim of the research is to develop a computational platform based on HINT paradigm for manipulating, predicting and analyzing biomacromolecular-ligand structure. A second synergistic goal is to apply the above methodology to design novel and potent anti-cancer agents. The crucial role of the microtubule in cell division has identified tubulin as an interesting target for the development of therapeutics for cancer. Pyrrole-containing molecules derived from nature have proven to be particularly useful as lead compounds for drug development. We have designed and developed a series of substituted pyrroles that inhibit growth and promote death of breast tumor cells …
The Effects Of Obesity And Surgically-Induced Weight Loss On Exercise Ventilation: Influence Of Central Adiposity And Serum Leptin, Jeffrey Herrick
The Effects Of Obesity And Surgically-Induced Weight Loss On Exercise Ventilation: Influence Of Central Adiposity And Serum Leptin, Jeffrey Herrick
Theses and Dissertations
Truncal adiposity impairs ventilation in obese adults by altering normal ventilatory mechanics. Leptin, an inflammatory adipocytokine, is elevated in obesity and has been shown to alter ventilatory responses to exercise. Leptin’s bioavailability appears to be regulated by its soluble receptor (LRe), which is reduced in obesity. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGBS) is a weight loss intervention that reduces total fat mass and improves several obesity related co-morbidities including pulmonary dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to first evaluate the differences between ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2 slope) during progressive treadmill walking in morbidly obese and normal weight females. …
Reliability Of Sixteen Balance Tests In Individuals With Down Syndrome, Romina Villamonte
Reliability Of Sixteen Balance Tests In Individuals With Down Syndrome, Romina Villamonte
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of sixteen balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). The following tests were performed on 21 participants with DS, aged 5-31 years of age; standing test on firm and soft surfaces with the eyes opened and closed, a balance subset of the Bruininks-Oseretsky test, full turn, timed-up-and-go test, forward reach, and sit-to-stand. Each participant completed all 16 assessments twice on one day and then again on a subsequent day for a total of four trials. Seven tests had reliability coefficients greater than 0.55; one-leg stand on floor (0.76), on …
A Methodology For Designing Product Components With Built-In Barriers To Reverse Engineering, Stephen P. Harston
A Methodology For Designing Product Components With Built-In Barriers To Reverse Engineering, Stephen P. Harston
Theses and Dissertations
Reverse engineering, defined as extracting information about a product from the product itself, is a common industry practice for gaining insight into innovative products. Both the original designer and those reverse engineering the original design can benefit from estimating the time and barrier to reverse engineer a product. This thesis presents a set of metrics and parameters that can be used to calculate the barrier to reverse engineer any product as well as the time required to do so. To the original designer, these numerical representations of the barrier and time can be used to strategically identify and improve product …
Function Of The Notch/Delta Pathway In Ophthalmic Trigeminal Placode Development, Matthew K. Ball
Function Of The Notch/Delta Pathway In Ophthalmic Trigeminal Placode Development, Matthew K. Ball
Theses and Dissertations
The ophthalmic trigeminal placode (opV) is the birth place of one cell type of sensory neurons contributing to the trigeminal ganglion. Signals from the neural tube induce placodal identity within the surface ectoderm. Specified opV placode cells then up-regulate neuron differentiation markers and migrate to the ganglion. Several molecular pathways have been shown to act in opV placode cell development. Despite this, signals that specify individual neurons from within the opV placode remain unknown. However, it is known that components of the Notch signaling pathway are expressed in the opV placode. I tested the role of Notch signaling in opV …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Lanthanide Phenolate Compounds And Their Catalytic Activity Towards Ring-Opening Polymerization Of Cyclic Esters, Pascal I. Binda
Synthesis And Characterization Of Lanthanide Phenolate Compounds And Their Catalytic Activity Towards Ring-Opening Polymerization Of Cyclic Esters, Pascal I. Binda
Theses and Dissertations
Metal-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters is an important strategy to prepare high molecular weight polyester materials, which are biodegradable and are produced from renewable resources. Examples of such polymers include polylactide and polycaprolactone. These environmentally friendly polymers have found great utility as drug delivery agents and as packaging materials owing to their biodegradability compared to petroleum-based plastics. Lanthanide phenolate compounds have been investigated as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide and ϵ-caprolactone and the results are presented in this dissertation. Exploring the chemistry of lanthanide phenolate compounds has become one of the most valuable and exciting areas of …
Characterization Of The Novel 7a5 And Bog25 Death Domain In Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells, Eric D. Koppelman
Characterization Of The Novel 7a5 And Bog25 Death Domain In Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells, Eric D. Koppelman
Theses and Dissertations
BOG25 contains multiple protein-protein interaction domains at the N-terminus that are characteristic of the EH (Eps15 Homology) network family of proteins involved in endocytosis and a C-terminal death domain characteristic of proteins involved in apoptosis. This combination of protein-protein interaction domains had not been identified in other known proteins until a National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) human genome BLAST search using the BOG25 amino acid sequence identified a novel gene, 7a5. The current study hypothesized that: (1) BOG25 and 7a5 are related proteins; and (2) the BOG25 death domain is biologically active and has a functional role in apoptosis …
The Effect Of Cytoskeletal Elements On Gap Junction Channel Mobility, Samantha M. Simet
The Effect Of Cytoskeletal Elements On Gap Junction Channel Mobility, Samantha M. Simet
Theses and Dissertations
Gap junctions are aggregates of intracellular channels (plaques) that allow the direct exchange of small molecules and ions between cells (≤ 1kD). Previous research has shown gap junction plaques composed of connexin 43 (Cx43) to be dynamic and mobile structures. We are utilizing a normal rat kidney cell line (NRK), which contains a temperature sensitive viral oncogene (v-src), to study the mobility of gap junction channels within a plaque in transformed (v-src active) and non-transformed NRK cells (v-src inactive). Previous research in our lab has shown a correlation between channel mobility and v-src activation. On average, plaque mobility was reduced …
Age -Related Behavioral Change In Ames Dwarf Mice, David P. Austin
Age -Related Behavioral Change In Ames Dwarf Mice, David P. Austin
Theses and Dissertations
The discovery of the Ames dwarf mouse in the early 1960s has given researchers an exciting opportunity to study the hormonal effects of aging. The Ames dwarf mice have a recessive mutation of the PROP-1 gene that causes hereditary dwarfism. The abnormality produced an anterior pituitary deficiency which resulted in the lack of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin. Researchers noticed that these mice were smaller than their normal siblings but lived approximately twice as long. The purpose of the present research was to determine if the reduced hormones in the Ames dwarf mouse delay the loss of memory and …
Physiological Role Of Bipa In Escherichia Coli, Karthik Krishnan
Physiological Role Of Bipa In Escherichia Coli, Karthik Krishnan
Theses and Dissertations
The BipA protein belongs to the EF-Tu/EF-G family of translational factors. In addition to intriguing domain similarities to the elongation factor subfamily members, BipA also possesses ribosome-binding capability and GTPase activity that is enhanced by the presence of fully programmed ribosomes. BipA has been shown to be involved in the regulation of a variety of pathways in different bacterial species; these include a role in pathogenicity, oxidative stress, capsule formation, motility, and growth at low temperatures. These two points have led to speculation that BipA may be a novel regulatory protein that affects efficient translation of target genes through direct …