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Articles 14791 - 14820 of 19641
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The Extraction Of Cytochrome C And Dsred2 Into Reverse Micelles, Michelle Baker
The Extraction Of Cytochrome C And Dsred2 Into Reverse Micelles, Michelle Baker
Theses and Dissertations
Cytochrome c and DsRed2 were successfully extracted into reverse micelles by the contacting of an aqueous protein-containing phase with an organic phase. Two important properties that differentiate the extraction profiles of these proteins are pI and size. Cytochrome c is a relatively small, monomeric protein with a pI of 10.6. It was easily extracted into reverse micelles with the anionic surfactant AOT. DsRed2, however, is a large tetramer with a p1 of 6.3. It could not be extracted into AOT, but was extracted with the cationic surfactant CTAB, and with a wider error range than cytochrome c. CD data indicate …
Inhibition Of The Calcium Plateau Following In Vitro Status Epilepticus Prevents The Development Of Spontaneous Recurrent Epileptiform Discharges, Nisha Nagarkatti
Inhibition Of The Calcium Plateau Following In Vitro Status Epilepticus Prevents The Development Of Spontaneous Recurrent Epileptiform Discharges, Nisha Nagarkatti
Theses and Dissertations
Status epilepticus (SE) is a major clinical emergency resulting in continuous seizure activity that can cause brain injury and many molecular and pathophysiologic changes leading to neuronal plasticity. The neuronal plasticity following SE-induced brain injury can initiate epileptogenesis and lead to the ultimate expression of acquired epilepsy (AE), characterized clinically by spontaneous, recurrent seizures. Epileptogenesis is the process wherein healthy brain tissue is transformed into hyperexcitable neuronal networks that produce AE. Understanding these alterations induced by brain injury is an important clinical challenge and can lend insight into possible new therapeutic targets to halt the development of AE. Currently there …
Gas Phase Chiral Recognition, Characterization Of Porous Polymer Monolith Nanospray Ionization, And The Negative Mode Crafti Method Using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Nannan Fang
Theses and Dissertations
Our group has been studying chiral recognition in gas phase using mass spectrometry for more than 10 years. We are interested in gas phase studies of fundamental interactions because the gas phase avoids complications and masking effects that may arise upon solvation. Therefore, the results of gas phase experiments can be directly compared with those of high-level computational studies. In chapter 2, I studied the roles of hydrogen bonding and pi stacking in gas phase chiral recognition between aromatic crown molecules and aromatic amines. High affinity between host and guest doesn't necessarily result in better recognition. If the affinity is …
Genes And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia: Modifiers, Networks, And Interactions In Complex Disease, Sarah Bergen
Genes And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia: Modifiers, Networks, And Interactions In Complex Disease, Sarah Bergen
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the genetic foundations of schizophrenia and the resultant symptom manifestations is an important step as we work toward development of new prevention and treatment strategies. This work has sought better understanding of this disease through use of three subject cohorts and two studies using simulated data exploring features of complex disease. First, we probed the symptoms of schizophrenia in subjects of African and European ancestry drawn from the Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) schizophrenia study and found significant differences between groups, particularly in affective symptoms. The genetic basis of symptom variation was then explored in a selection of candidate …
Therapeutic Strategies Aimed To Facilitate Axonal Regeneration And Functional Recovery Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury, Woon Chow
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a physically debilitating, emotionally devastating, financially costly, and life-changing condition that afflicts more than 1,000,000 people in the United States alone. Owing to the characteristic neuropathology and low regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, many victims of SCI are left permanently paralyzed. Though the tissue damage caused by the initial insult almost certainly cannot be reversed, intensive research in recent years to elucidate the cellular and molecular events that follows has provided new grounds for optimism. Accordingly, in this dissertation, we present a number of potential treatment strategies aimed to address some of …
Deriving Optimal Composite Scores: Relating Observational/Longitudinal Data With A Primary Endpoint, Rhonda Ellis
Deriving Optimal Composite Scores: Relating Observational/Longitudinal Data With A Primary Endpoint, Rhonda Ellis
Theses and Dissertations
In numerous clinical/experimental studies, multiple endpoints are measured on each subject. It is often not clear which of these endpoints should be designated as of primary importance. The desirability function approach is a way of combining multiple responses into a single unitless composite score. The response variables may include multiple types of data: binary, ordinal, count, interval data. Each response variable is transformed to a 0 to1 unitless scale with zero representing a completely undesirable response and one representing the ideal value. In desirability function methodology, weights on individual components can be incorporated to allow different levels of importance to …
Electronic Image Stabilization For Mobile Robotic Vision Systems, Michael John Smith
Electronic Image Stabilization For Mobile Robotic Vision Systems, Michael John Smith
Theses and Dissertations
When a camera is affixed on a dynamic mobile robot, image stabilization is the first step towards more complex analysis on the video feed. This thesis presents a novel electronic image stabilization (EIS) algorithm for small inexpensive highly dynamic mobile robotic platforms with onboard camera systems. The algorithm combines optical flow motion parameter estimation with angular rate data provided by a strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU). A discrete Kalman filter in feedforward configuration is used for optimal fusion of the two data sources. Performance evaluations are conducted by a simulated video truth model (capturing the effects of image translation, rotation, …
Exploring The Stress Response In New Army Nurses, Laureen Otto
Exploring The Stress Response In New Army Nurses, Laureen Otto
Theses and Dissertations
The study of stress is limited in professional nursing, but it is nearly non-existent in professional military nursing. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among psychological, environmental, biological and demographic factors of stress in new Army nurses during the Army Medical Department’s 8-week Officer Basic Leadership Course (OBLC). Using a descriptive prospective, correlational repeated measures design, 33 study participants completed two psychological stress measures (Perceived Stress Scale [PSS] and the Impact of Event Scale – Revised[IES-R]), an environmental measure (Life Experiences Survey [LES]), a biologic measure (salivary cortisol) and a demographic questionnaire at three different time …
Identification And Manipulation Of Resistance To Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Derived From Solanum Peruvianum, Luis F. Gordillo Jr.
Identification And Manipulation Of Resistance To Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Derived From Solanum Peruvianum, Luis F. Gordillo Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The domesticated tomato Solanum lycopersicum (L.), formerly known as Lycopersicon esculentum is a genetically well-studied crop species with high-density linkage and molecular maps based on crosses done between cultivated tomato and its distant related wild species. Wild tomato species harbor a wealth of resistance to many pathogens that have been introgressed into domesticated tomato for genetic control of diseases and pests and for improvement of many agronomic traits. The wild tomato S. peruvianum (L.) is the source of the Sw-5 gene, characterized and mapped to chromosome 9 of the tomato genome and introgressed into elite tomato germplasm, providing resistance to …
The Role Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lysine Specific Protease, Kgp In Hemin Transport And Pigment Accumulation, Anuj Phull
Theses and Dissertations
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is implicated as a major etiological agent in the initiation and progression of severe forms of periodontal disease. It has been reported that gingivitis and periodontal disease affect roughly 50.3% and 35% of the adult population, respectively. Therefore, approximately over 85% of the adult population may suffer from some form of gingival disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis, an established periodontopathogen, requires hemin for growth. Although multiple hemin uptake systems appear to be present in this organism, their specific role in hemin uptake and virulence remains unknown. Pigmentation is thought to result from the accumulation of iron …
Design And Optimization Of Peristaltic Micropumps Using Evolutionary Algorithms, Ravi Bhadauria
Design And Optimization Of Peristaltic Micropumps Using Evolutionary Algorithms, Ravi Bhadauria
Theses and Dissertations
A design optimization based on coupled solid–fluid analysis is investigated in this work to achieve specific flow rate through a peristaltic micropump. A micropump consisting of four pneumatically actuated nozzle/diffuser shaped moving actuators on the sidewalls is considered for numerical study. These actuators are used to create pressure difference in the four pump chambers, which in turn drives the fluid through the pump in one direction. Genetic algorithms along with artificial neural networks are used for optimizing the pump geometry and the actuation frequency. A simple example with moving walls is considered for validation by developing an exact analytical solution …
Total Synthesis Of (-)-Acutumine, Fang Li
Total Synthesis Of (-)-Acutumine, Fang Li
Theses and Dissertations
Acutumine is a tetracyclic alkaloid isolated from the Asian vine Menispermum dauricum with selective T-cell cytotoxicity and antiamnestic properties. We have developed a total synthetic route to this congested alkaloid, during which we also found a novel, stereoselective radical-crossover reaction that combines an intramolecular radical conjugate addition with a subsequent enolate hydroxylation. Key features of this synthesis also include a reagent-controlled diastereoselective ketone allylation, an anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement to form a congested quaternary sterocenter, a pyridine-mediated selective ozonolysis, and a Lewis acid promoted Michael-type cyclization.
Ion Channel Modulation By Photocaged Dioctanoyl Pip2, Junghoon Ha
Ion Channel Modulation By Photocaged Dioctanoyl Pip2, Junghoon Ha
Theses and Dissertations
Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) directly regulates electrophysiological activity in a diverse family of ion channels whether the effect is stimulatory or inhibitory. Much has been unveiled about the apparent affinity and modulatory function of PIP2 using a chemically modified dioctanoyl PIP2 (diC8), a membrane delimited cytosolic co-factor in inside-out macropatch experiments. Yet, the scarcity of molecular tools that permit fine external control in whole-cell systems has precluded future studies from probing the physiological role of PIP2 in cells in the presence of a fully intact cytoplasm. Here we introduce light as an external control for PIP2 through photocaging of diC8, and …
Preparation And Characterization Of An Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Hybrid Nanofiber Dressing, Alicia P. Smith-Freshwater
Preparation And Characterization Of An Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Hybrid Nanofiber Dressing, Alicia P. Smith-Freshwater
Theses and Dissertations
A novel dendritic wound dressing was designed and characterized for its potential to treat chronic wounds. Comprised of gelatin, dendrimer, synthetic polymer and antibiotics, the dressing was electrospun to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Gelatin is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and easily available. The antibiotic, doxycycline, has the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases, which occur in excess in chronic wounds, degrade the reconstituted ECM. Starburst™ polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.5, which provides a versatile and structurally controlled architecture to construct nanomedicine, was covalently bonded to the gelatin backbone and electrospun into nanofibers with gelatin, doxycycline and stabilizing polymers. The …
Development Of Biocompatible Polymer Monoliths For The Analysis Of Proteins And Peptides, Yun Li
Development Of Biocompatible Polymer Monoliths For The Analysis Of Proteins And Peptides, Yun Li
Theses and Dissertations
Biocompatibility is an important issue for the development of chromatographic stationary phases for the analysis of biomolecules (including proteins and peptides). A biocompatible stationary phase material is a material that resists nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules and does not interact with them in a way that would alter or destroy their structures or biochemical functions. The monolithic column format is a good alternative to typical spherical particle packed columns for capillary liquid chromatography of biomacromolecules. Several novel anion-exchange polymer monoliths for the analysis of proteins were synthesized for improved biocompatibility. Two novel polymeric monoliths were prepared in a single step by …
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Hb And Hbo₂ Detection Using Remote Sensing, Rane M. Pierson
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy For Hb And Hbo₂ Detection Using Remote Sensing, Rane M. Pierson
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of the work presented in this thesis is to develop a wireless, near-infrared (NIR) imaging system to provide flexibility and functionality to clinicians and researchers who require monitoring of blood profusion to tissue, muscles, or the brain. The prototype device uses a single stimulus/detection unit composed of an Epitex NIR LED with three wavelength options: 730, 805, and 850 nm, and an OPT101 photodiode detector. The device can be used to detect changes in the levels of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the body by measuring the amounts of absorbed and backscattered light at the wavelength associated with …
Real-Time Virus Analysis Via Image Charge Detection Surface Induced Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Seth T. Call
Real-Time Virus Analysis Via Image Charge Detection Surface Induced Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Seth T. Call
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reports on the development of a novel mass spectrometer combining image charge detection with surface induced dissociation for real-time analysis of intact viruses. Protonated viruses produced using electrospray are accelerated and subsequently impact on a solid surface. Capsid peptides released during the impact are analyzed using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Image charge detection is used to measure the mass and charge states of structurally intact, electrosprayed viruses prior to impact. Since virus capsids are composed of loosely-bound proteins, collision of viruses with surfaces at moderate impact energies could release intact proteins. The masses and numbers of different protein types …
Identification Of Clinical, Laboratory And Genetic Covariates For Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy And Toxicity Of Sorafenib In Patients With Solid Tumors, Lokesh Jain
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research work was to understand the clinical-pharmacology based treatment approaches for sorafenib. Treatment with sorafenib is associated with high inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetic exposures, efficacy and toxicity. We explored the demographic, laboratory, clinical and pharmacogenetic factors to elucidate the sources of variability. In addition, we examined the impact of pharmacogenetic variation in VEGFR2, an important mediator of the VEGF pathway, on risk of prostate cancer. To support these investigations, (mainly single-dose) pharmacokinetic, pharmacogenetic, efficacy and toxicity information were collected from patients with solid tumors, enrolled in five phase I / II clinical trials at National Cancer …
Design And Characterization Of A Human Exposure Chamber And Inversion Episodes In Salt Lake City, Utah In January/February Of 2009, Roman Yuri Kuprov
Design And Characterization Of A Human Exposure Chamber And Inversion Episodes In Salt Lake City, Utah In January/February Of 2009, Roman Yuri Kuprov
Theses and Dissertations
Research on health effects of particulate matter (PM) has been a very active area in the last two decades. One plausible mechanism by which exposure to PM affects human health includes modification of autonomic endothelium function. Decreased endothelium activity causes heightened risks of cardiovascular disease. A human exposure chamber designed to conduct experiments to quantify diminished function of endothelium from short term exposure to PM is described. The chamber consists of two stages for containment and pre-treatment of PM and exposure of human subjects. Concentrations of CO, CO2, NO, NO2, O3, and PM2.5, are monitored and controlled in the exposure …
Improved Algorithms For Discovery Of New Genes In Bacterial Genomes, Nan Wang
Improved Algorithms For Discovery Of New Genes In Bacterial Genomes, Nan Wang
Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we describe a new approach for gene finding that can utilize proteomics information in addition to DNA and RNA to identify new genes in prokaryote genomes. Proteomics processing pipelines require identification of small pieces of proteins called peptides. Peptide identification is a very error-prone process and we have developed a new algorithm for validating peptide identifications using a distance-based outlier detection method. We demonstrate that our method identifies more peptides than other popular methods using standard mixtures of known proteins. In addition, our algorithm provides a much more accurate estimate of the false discovery rate than other …
Structure-Property Relations In Porcine Brain Tissue: Strain Rate And Stress-State Dependence, Mark Gregory Tejada Begonia
Structure-Property Relations In Porcine Brain Tissue: Strain Rate And Stress-State Dependence, Mark Gregory Tejada Begonia
Theses and Dissertations
Due to traumatic brain injury (TBI), numerous studies have focused on comprehensively determining the mechanical properties of the brain. This study examined the strain rate dependence of porcine brain under compression, and the microstructural damage was quantified using a confocal microscope and graphical user interface (GUI). The selected strain rates were 0.10 s-1, 0.025 s-1, and 0.00625 s-1 while the strain levels targeted for confocal imaging were 15%, 30%, and 40%. This study also characterized the stress-state dependence at a strain rate and strain level of 0.10 s-1 and 40%, respectively, under compression, tension, and shear. Strain rate dependency data …
Development Of An Electrochemical Primary Treatment For Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine Laden Wastewater, Jared Lynn Johnson
Development Of An Electrochemical Primary Treatment For Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine Laden Wastewater, Jared Lynn Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the development of direct electrochemical reduction as a means of providing primary treatment of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in a manufacturing process waste stream. An industrial process wastewater laden with RDX was successfully treated in small batch reactors. Reaction kinetics were used to design a proof of concept bench scale flow reactor that utilized parallel packed electrode plates. Following successful testing of this reactor, a pilot scale packed electrode flow reactor was built. The reactor performance as a function of residence time was fit by a first order decay equation. Greater than 97% reduction of RDX in a process …
Microstructural Characterization Of Friction Stir Welded Ti-6al-4v, Haley Amanda Rubisoff
Microstructural Characterization Of Friction Stir Welded Ti-6al-4v, Haley Amanda Rubisoff
Theses and Dissertations
Friction stir welding (FSWing) is a solid state, thermo-mechanical process that utilizes a non-consumable rotating weld tool to consolidate a weld joint. In the FSW process, the weld tool is responsible for generating both the heat required to soften the material and the forces necessary to deform and consolidate the former weld seam. Thus, weld tool geometry, material selection, and process parameters are important to the quality of the weld. To study the effects of the weld tool geometry on the resulting welds, a previous study was conducted using varying degree taper, microwave-sintered tungsten carbide (WC) weld tools to FSW …
Using Random Projections For Dimensionality Reduction In Identifying Rogue Applications, Travis Levestis Atkison
Using Random Projections For Dimensionality Reduction In Identifying Rogue Applications, Travis Levestis Atkison
Theses and Dissertations
In general, the consumer must depend on others to provide their software solutions. However, this outsourcing of software development has caused it to become more and more abstract as to where the software is actually being developed and by whom, and it poses a potentially large security problem for the consumer as it opens up the possibility for rogue functionality to be injected into an application without the consumer’s knowledge or consent. This begs the question of ‘How do we know that the software we use can be trusted?’ or ‘How can we have assurance that the software we use …
Microbially Induced And Disrupted Memory Phenomena During Gas-Hydrate Occurrences In Seafloor Sediments, Shangmin Xiong
Microbially Induced And Disrupted Memory Phenomena During Gas-Hydrate Occurrences In Seafloor Sediments, Shangmin Xiong
Theses and Dissertations
Sediments collected from various cores in Mississippi Canyon 118 were tested to evaluate the abilities to promote natural gas hydrate formation. Memory effects for hydrate formation of sediments with in-situ seawater were of a major concern. The possible mechanisms of memory effects were combined to give an overall hypothesis on the bioproducts-mineral-microorganism system. Unique permanent memory effects in the sediment were found. Temperatures from 50 to 65°C dissipated all memory effects by disrupting microbial cell wall material. Bacillus subtilis is known to produce several types of biosurfactants, including surfactin. The catalytic effect of purified surfactin from B. subtilis on hydrate …
Stable Carbon Isotope And Niche Breadth Analysis Of Animal Bone From Pocahontas Mounds (22hi500) And Lyon's Bluff, Robert Linder Mccain
Stable Carbon Isotope And Niche Breadth Analysis Of Animal Bone From Pocahontas Mounds (22hi500) And Lyon's Bluff, Robert Linder Mccain
Theses and Dissertations
Maize uses a photosynthetic pathway called C4 which produces a carbon signature in animal tissue that is different from most of the plants available to the inhabitants of the Southeastern United States. Faunal remains (deer, rodent, and turtle) from Pocahontas Mounds (22HI500) and Lyon’s Bluff (22OK520) were tested to determine whether the samples possessed a C4 signature. Maize has been found at both sites, but the extent of maize agriculture was not known. Rodent and turtle from both sites indicate partial to heavy consumption of C4 plants, while one deer sample from Pocahontas indicates moderate consumption of C4 plants. The …
The Effects Of Ethanol Production On The U.S. Catfish Sector, Hualu Zheng
The Effects Of Ethanol Production On The U.S. Catfish Sector, Hualu Zheng
Theses and Dissertations
The overall purpose of this study is to estimate how the rise in grain prices (especially corn prices) induced by ethanol production impacts U.S. catfish industry. Using monthly data from January 1996 to December 2007, an ARDL model and bounds testing procedure were used. The existence of cointegration between the feed price and its regressors and between the farm price and its regressors was found. Results show that the short- and long-run feed price elasticity with respect to corn prices were 0.224 and 0.075, respectively. It was found that energy is more important to catfish feed production than to farm …
Characterization Of Tissue Mimicking Materials For Testing Of Implantable And On Body Antennas, Tuba Yilmaz
Characterization Of Tissue Mimicking Materials For Testing Of Implantable And On Body Antennas, Tuba Yilmaz
Theses and Dissertations
Characterization and applications of soft tissue mimicking materials are presented. A skin mimicking material and a skin mimicking gel is characterized for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.40 GHz-2.48 GHz). Also a wide band (0.3 GHz – 2.5 GHz) muscle mimicking material is developed. A dual band implantable antenna operating at medical implant communication service (MICS) band (402 MHz – 405 MHz) and ISM band is tested in vitro with skin mimicking material for ISM band. MICS band measurements of the implantable antenna tested in vitro by placing the antenna on the interface of muscle and skin mimicking gel. …
Effects Of Climate And Density On The Survival Of Whiteooted Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus), Eric Richard Wengert
Effects Of Climate And Density On The Survival Of Whiteooted Mice (Peromyscus Leucopus), Eric Richard Wengert
Theses and Dissertations
Short-lived rodents are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and exhibit annual fluctuations under seasonal environments in northern temperate regions. I analyzed 34 years of monthly live-trapping data on whiteooted mice (Peromyscus leucopus) collected in Carter Woods, Ohio. I used a theoretic-information approach to select the best approximating models and analysis of deviance to infer effects of climate and density on survival of mice. I tested for a cost of reproduction to females and found no difference in survival between reproductive states. Directions and magnitudes of effects of climate and density varied over time. Increased variability in temperature reduced effects …
Effects Of Microbial Interactions On Gene Expression During The Wood Decay Process, Lee Christopher Mangum
Effects Of Microbial Interactions On Gene Expression During The Wood Decay Process, Lee Christopher Mangum
Theses and Dissertations
Real-time RT-PCR was used to assess the effects of interspecific microbial interactions on the expression of genes associated with lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and alcohol oxidase production during the wood decay process. Expression levels of genes encoding the selected lignolytic enzymes were quantitated in one-, two- and multiple-organism interaction tests with the basidiomycetes Trametes elegans, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Gloeophyllum sepiarium and Gloeophyllum trabeum. Compression strength loss was measured for each decay sample and correlated with gene expression data for each species. Soil microflora actively producing lignolytic enzymes during wood decay were also assessed and identified using degenerative PCR coupled with denaturing …