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Vitamin D And Malignant Melanoma Outcomes, Jenna L. Green May 2011

Vitamin D And Malignant Melanoma Outcomes, Jenna L. Green

Theses and Dissertations

Ultraviolet exposure from sunlight and other sources is the major risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma of the skin. Exposure to sunlight is also the main pathway the human body obtains vitamin D. Cell proliferation, differentiation and inhibition is mediated in part by vitamin D, leading researchers to suspect vitamin D has a protective role in various cancers, including melanoma. The purpose of the project was to review the current available literature focusing on the relationship between vitamin D levels and melanoma outcomes. The review of the literature was designed to address the clinical question: What is the …


Assessment Of Pain In The Older Adult With Dementia, Helen Laferriere May 2011

Assessment Of Pain In The Older Adult With Dementia, Helen Laferriere

Theses and Dissertations

Pain is common in the older adult as they continue to age regardless of their cognitive ability. Whether the older adult resides in the community, in a nursing facility or is hospitalized, pain is prevalent in this population. The assessment and management of pain in the older adult with cognitive impairment is a challenge for those in healthcare. Based on the severity of the dementia, the older adult may not be able to verbalize or describe their pain. Therefore, it is vital that healthcare providers are able to identify pain in this population. Observational assessment scales, such as the Abbey …


Developing A Remote Sensing Algorithm For Deriving Soil Moisture From Spectral Reflectance, Santosh Rijal May 2011

Developing A Remote Sensing Algorithm For Deriving Soil Moisture From Spectral Reflectance, Santosh Rijal

Theses and Dissertations

Wet weather cycle since 1993 has brought ground water level closer to the surface of the soil in many areas in the Red River Valley (RRV) of the North basin. Many farmers have to delay spring plantation or autumn harvest due to excessive moisture in', their farmland. In such case, it becomes increasingly important to have timely and accurate information on the soil moisture conditions. Conventional soil moisture measurement techniques are point-based that results in poor spatial representation of soil moisture. Remote sensing techniques offer many potential advantages over traditional means such as repetitive coverage and areal representation. The objective …


Communication Barriers Between Providers And Parents Of Adhd Adolescent Patients Who Use Complementary And Alternative Medicine, Angela Sietz May 2011

Communication Barriers Between Providers And Parents Of Adhd Adolescent Patients Who Use Complementary And Alternative Medicine, Angela Sietz

Theses and Dissertations

There is increased use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children and adolescents. Some of the most common types of CAM used in ADHD include: modified diet, vitamins/and or minerals, dietary supplements, aromatherapy and chiropractic care. Many parents/patients do not share their use of CAM with their provider. This inadequate communication between parents and health care providers can be dangerous. This paper addresses the prevalence of ADHD, the types of CAM being used and discusses evidence in support of these therapies. Communication between patients and providers regarding the use of CAM …


The Effectiveness Of Using Non-Pharmacological Interventions In Managing Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia (Bpsd) In Long Term Care Facilities, Sandra J. Holmgren May 2011

The Effectiveness Of Using Non-Pharmacological Interventions In Managing Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia (Bpsd) In Long Term Care Facilities, Sandra J. Holmgren

Theses and Dissertations

Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as aggression, agitation, anxiety, mood disorders, and psychosis are frequently associated with the diagnosis of dementia (Schneder, Dagennan, & lnsel, 2005; Wand et al., 2005; Zee & Burkett, 2008). These tenns have been grouped together under the term 'behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia' (BPSD) by the International Psychogeriatiic Association (Douglas, James, & Ballard, 2004). Neuropsychiatric symptoms are often reasons for institutionalization in nursing homes due to increased burden and stress on the caregiver (Douglas, James & Clive, 2004; Murman et al, 2002). As the elderly population continues to grow, dementia and its related symptoms will remain …


Production Of Fermentable Sugars And Lipids By Microalgae From Secondarily Treated Municipal Wastewater, Jen Chao Liu Apr 2011

Production Of Fermentable Sugars And Lipids By Microalgae From Secondarily Treated Municipal Wastewater, Jen Chao Liu

Theses and Dissertations

In this paper, replacing complete or partly of growth mediums with secondarily wastewater was studied. Lipid content of Neochloris oleoabundans grown in a 0.3 X SE medium and autoclaved secondarily treated wastewater mixture was 22.27 % (w/w). The maximum biomass concentration of N. oleoabundans grown in wastewater with no additional nutrients was 0.636 g/L with 33% (w/w) glucose. Two culture lines, MA, and NA were isolated within our laboratory and could grow in secondarily treated wastewater with no additional nutrients. The maximum biomass concentration of MA in batch culture was 0.860 g/L and the sum of glucose and xylose was …


A Minimum Spanning Tree Based Clustering Algorithm For High Throughput Biological Data, Harun Pirim Apr 2011

A Minimum Spanning Tree Based Clustering Algorithm For High Throughput Biological Data, Harun Pirim

Theses and Dissertations

A new minimum spanning tree (MST) based heuristic for clustering biological data is proposed. The heuristic uses MSTs to generate initial solutions and applies a local search to improve the solutions. Local search transfers the nodes to the clusters with which they have the most connections, if this transfer improves the objective function value. A new objective function is defined and used in the heuristic. The objective function considers both tightness and separation of the clusters. Tightness is obtained by minimizing the maximum diameter among all clusters. Separation is obtained by minimizing the maximum number of connections of a gene …


Linear Dynamic Model For Continuous Speech Recognition, Tao Ma Apr 2011

Linear Dynamic Model For Continuous Speech Recognition, Tao Ma

Theses and Dissertations

In the past decades, statistics-based hidden Markov models (HMMs) have become the predominant approach to speech recognition. Under this framework, the speech signal is modeled as a piecewise stationary signal (typically over an interval of 10 milliseconds). Speech features are assumed to be temporally uncorrelated. While these simplifications have enabled tremendous advances in speech processing systems, for the past several years progress on the core statistical models has stagnated. Since machine performance still significantly lags human performance, especially in noisy environments, researchers have been looking beyond the traditional HMM approach. Recent theoretical and experimental studies suggest that exploiting frame-torame correlations …


Dynamics Of Classical Particles And Quantum Spin Systems, Marta Licelis Guerra Apr 2011

Dynamics Of Classical Particles And Quantum Spin Systems, Marta Licelis Guerra

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is divided in two parts. In the first part, we study the dynamics of a classical particle system. We calculate the efficiency of a rejectionree dynamic Monte Carlo method in the limit of low temperatures and/or high densities for d-dimensional off-lattice homogeneous particles interacting through a repulsive power-law potential r−p. Theoretically we find the algorithmic efficiency is asymptotically proportional to ρ (p+2)/2 T-d/2 with the particle density ρ and the temperature T. Dynamic Monte Carlo simulations are performed in 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional systems with different powers p, and the results agree with the theoretical predictions. In the …


Analysis Of Conservation Practices In The Blackland Prairie Region Of Mississippi And Construction Of A Predictor For Locating New Sites For Conservation Efforts, Steven Cameron Hughes Apr 2011

Analysis Of Conservation Practices In The Blackland Prairie Region Of Mississippi And Construction Of A Predictor For Locating New Sites For Conservation Efforts, Steven Cameron Hughes

Theses and Dissertations

Mississippi’s Blackland Prairie has been reduced below 10% of pre-Columbian extent, with few conservation practices in place. To determine efficacy of current restoration practices, plant species at remnant sites were compared with those at restoration sites. Analyses using multivariate statistical approaches revealed no generalizable patterns among four available remnants versus two available restoration sites. Thus, the aim of this project shifted to evaluating methods of identifying Blackland Prairie remnants or potential restoration sites. Location data for Blackland Prairie plant species and potentially informative environmental variables were used to develop geographic information system (GIS)-based habitat models. The best models were selected …


Wildlife Habitat Quality In Southern Mississippi 8 Years After Intensive Pine Plantation Establishment, Tamara Nicole Campbell Apr 2011

Wildlife Habitat Quality In Southern Mississippi 8 Years After Intensive Pine Plantation Establishment, Tamara Nicole Campbell

Theses and Dissertations

I evaluated effects of 5 pine plantation establishment regimes 6 – 8 years postestablishment on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) growth, vegetation characteristics, nutritional carrying capacity for white-tailed deer, and breeding birds in the Lower Coastal Plain of Mississippi. Treatments combined mechanical site preparation (MSP), chemical site preparation (CSP), and herbaceous weed control (HWC) designed to represent a range of operational intensities. Chemical SP provided greater long-term control of woody competition than MSP, but did not provide significant pine growth advantage. Vegetation richness, diversity, and structure were best maintained with MSP and year 1 banded HWC. Canopy cover appears to be …


Aquatic Invertebrate Biomass And Community Composition In Greentree Reservoirs And Naturally Flooded Forests In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley And Interior Flatwoods, Justyn Richard Foth Apr 2011

Aquatic Invertebrate Biomass And Community Composition In Greentree Reservoirs And Naturally Flooded Forests In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley And Interior Flatwoods, Justyn Richard Foth

Theses and Dissertations

The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) contained vast bottomland hardwood forests into the 20th century. Humans cleared forests, and altered hydrology, yet the MAV remains important for North American waterfowl and other wildlife. To estimate standing crops of aquatic invertebrates as food in hardwood bottomlands for wintering waterfowl, I quantified dry mass of invertebrates in naturally flooded forests (NFFs) and greentree reservoirs (GTRs) during winters 2008–2010. The MAV had greater invertebrate mass in NFFs (x̄ = 18.39 kg/ha; SE = 2.815 [CV = 15.3%]) than GTRs (x̄ = 5.16; SE = 0.492 [CV = 9.5%]), compared with lesser masses in Mississippi …


Agricultural Conservation Buffers For Breeding Grassland Birds In Eastern Mississippi, Heidi Lynn Adams Apr 2011

Agricultural Conservation Buffers For Breeding Grassland Birds In Eastern Mississippi, Heidi Lynn Adams

Theses and Dissertations

Periodic disturbance in CP33 habitat buffers is required to maintain early-successional plant communities for grassland birds. However, effects of disturbance on habitat suitability and nesting success of grassland birds are unknown. Furthermore, the grassland bird community and reproductive performance in CP33 habitat buffers may be influenced by the landscape context (e.g., edge habitat, surrounding land cover). My objectives for this study were to determine how periodic disturbance and the agricultural landscape mosaic influence the breeding grassland bird community in buffers, and how these same factors influence grassland bird nesting success and density in buffers. Data collected during line-transect surveys conducted …


Modeling And Verification Of A Multi-Section Continuum Robot, Krishna Turlapati Apr 2011

Modeling And Verification Of A Multi-Section Continuum Robot, Krishna Turlapati

Theses and Dissertations

Continuum robots mimic the principle of a special biological structure known as the muscular hydrostat. These robots have an ability to bend at any location on along its backbone and have potential applications in disaster relief, medical surgeries and nuclear waste disposal. This thesis presents the modeling and verification of a multi-section continuum robot by applying the Cosserat theory of rods. Next, 2D verification is performed on a continuum robot based on a backbone composed of a nickel titanium alloy. In addition, the thesis develops the theoretical foundations for a cable-driven continuum robot by studying the effects of cable guide …


Multi-Objective Design Optimization Framework For Structural Health Monitoring, Danny Loren Parker Apr 2011

Multi-Objective Design Optimization Framework For Structural Health Monitoring, Danny Loren Parker

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate the ability to design health monitoring systems from a systematic perspective and how, with proper sensor and actuator placement, damage occurring in a structure can be detected and tracked. To this end, a design optimization was performed to determine the best locations to excite the structure and to collect data while using the minimum number of sensors. The type of sensors used in this design optimization was uni-axis accelerometers. It should be noted that the design techniques presented here are not limited to accelerometers. Instead, they allow for any type of sensor …


Synthesis, Characterization And Catalytic Studies Of Carbon-Based Nano Materials, Qiangu Yan Apr 2011

Synthesis, Characterization And Catalytic Studies Of Carbon-Based Nano Materials, Qiangu Yan

Theses and Dissertations

Nano-scaled carbons were produced by thermal treatment of pine wood chips and bio-char. The influence of temperature, heating rate, pyrolysis time, and type and flow rate of purge gas on the production of nano-carbons was investigated. Using TEM and SEM, different carbon-based nanomaterials were observed in the prepared samples. The effect of metal ion doping on the bio-char was also investigated. Highly functionalized nano carbonaceous materials were synthesized by low temperature hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using glucose, sucrose, xylose, and cellulose. Carbon-encapsulated iron (Fe@C) core-shell particles were also synthesized by the HTC method and used as catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to …


Effects Of Phosphate Type, Antimicrobials And Processing Methods On The Quality, Shelf-Life And Sensory Characteristics Of Enhanced Catfish Fillets, Sovann Kin Apr 2011

Effects Of Phosphate Type, Antimicrobials And Processing Methods On The Quality, Shelf-Life And Sensory Characteristics Of Enhanced Catfish Fillets, Sovann Kin

Theses and Dissertations

Catfish fillets that were enhanced with salt and various phosphate treatments through vacuum tumbling or multi-needle injection were evaluated for yield, protein exudate (only tumbling), surface color, pH, cooking loss, tenderness, purge loss and shelf-life. An agglomerated sodium phosphate blend (AGSP) was the optimum treatment for both vacuum tumbling and multi-needle injection and was further utilized in conjunction with potassium lactate (PL) and/or potassium acetate (PA) through vacuum tumbling to determine their effect on the quality, shelf-life and sensory characteristics of enhanced catfish fillets. In addition, the combination of AGSP and PA+PL that maximized shelf-life was further utilized in conjunction …


Predominance Of Bacillus Anthracis In The Biological Population Of An Activated Sludge Reactor, Robert Frederick Hoyt Apr 2011

Predominance Of Bacillus Anthracis In The Biological Population Of An Activated Sludge Reactor, Robert Frederick Hoyt

Theses and Dissertations

The effects of heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, and other contaminants on activated sludge and wastewater treatment operations have been studied extensively. However, the potential for infiltration of bacterial species not native to activated sludge has not been extensively examined. This project investigated the effect of the contamination of activated sludge wastewater treatment systems by Bacillus anthracis. From a pure culture of Bacillus megaterium inoculations of two bench-scale, sequencing batch reactors with different solids retention times was studied. Microbial enumeration testing was initially done on the mixed liquor alone, but to further detail the Bacillus path through the reactor, further testing …


Assessment And Prediction Of Streambank Erosion Rates In A Southeastern Plains Ecoregion Watershed In Mississippi, John Jairo Ramirez Avila Apr 2011

Assessment And Prediction Of Streambank Erosion Rates In A Southeastern Plains Ecoregion Watershed In Mississippi, John Jairo Ramirez Avila

Theses and Dissertations

The Town Creek Watershed (TCW) is a representative area of the Tombigbee River Basin and the Southeastern Plains Ecoregion in Mississippi. The principal channel and four main tributaries have been included for several years within the MS Section 303(d) list of waterbodies biologically impaired due to sediment. The TMDL developed for TCW recommended that streams located near cultivated lands, road crossings and construction activities are a priority for streambank and riparian buffer zone restoration and sediment loads reduction. Development of remedial measures and future BMPs within TCW for reducing water quality impairment and downstream dredging costs requires identification of sediment …


Stand Level Compatible Diameter Distribution Models For Red Oak-Sweetgum Complexes On Minor Stream Bottoms In The South, Wesley James Howard Apr 2011

Stand Level Compatible Diameter Distribution Models For Red Oak-Sweetgum Complexes On Minor Stream Bottoms In The South, Wesley James Howard

Theses and Dissertations

Southern bottomland hardwood forests lack effective growth and yield predictive models primarily due to the complexity of the ecosystems. These models are important tools for relative comparison of management schemes and making sound management decisions to obtain optimal future yields. Starting in 1982, 150 red oak-sweetgum bottomland hardwood growth and yield plots were established in northern and central parts of Mississippi. These plots were remeasured in 1988, 1992, 1993, 2005, 2006, and 2007 along with the addition of new plots. A diameter distribution model was developed from stand level component equations constructed in a previous study (Iles 2008; Schultz et …


Characterization And Development Of Methods To Measure Moisture Content Of Switchgrass In The Windrow, Gary Daniel Chesser Apr 2011

Characterization And Development Of Methods To Measure Moisture Content Of Switchgrass In The Windrow, Gary Daniel Chesser

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this study is to a) develop the methodologies needed to measure moisture content in Switchgrass using electrical resistance meters, b) determine the effects of pressure and probe orientation on moisture content measurement using electrical resistance meters, c) generate moisture content calibration equations for electrical resistance meters using Switchgrass in the senescence growth stage, and d) characterize other methods to measure moisture content of Switchgrass in the windrow.


Effects Of Porcine Relaxin Hormone On Motility Characteristics Of Boar Spermatozoa During Storage, Juan Camilo Rodríguez Muñoz Apr 2011

Effects Of Porcine Relaxin Hormone On Motility Characteristics Of Boar Spermatozoa During Storage, Juan Camilo Rodríguez Muñoz

Theses and Dissertations

First, a preliminary study was conducted looking for the optimum sperm concentration to be used for analysis with the Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). Results showed that 75x106 sperm cells/mL is the optimum one. Then, the actions of relaxin on sperm motility were evaluated by determining the effect of relaxin on full motility characteristics of spermatozoa during storage, using CASA; then identifying the relaxin receptors on spermatozoa, and finally establishing actions of relaxin in intraspermatic cAMP content. Motile spermatozoa were selected through percoll gradient and incubated for 1 hour with 4 relaxin concentrations at 37°C, during four days. Relaxin affected sperm …


Effects Of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement And Meniscal Release On Kinematics Of The Canine Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifle During Early, Middle, And Late Stance, James Ryan Butler Apr 2011

Effects Of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement And Meniscal Release On Kinematics Of The Canine Cranial Cruciate Deficient Stifle During Early, Middle, And Late Stance, James Ryan Butler

Theses and Dissertations

Little research has been done to validate the biomechanical principles of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) throughout stance. The present study evaluates the effects of TTA on kinematics of the cranial cruciate (CrCL) deficient stifle during early, middle, and late stance. Cadaveric pelvic limbs were evaluated for the effects of TTA on kinematics under a load equivalent to 30% bodyweight and under the following treatment conditions: intact CrCL, CrCL deficient, TTA-treated, and TTA treated + meniscal release. Electromagnetic tracking sensors were used to determine tibial subluxation and rotation relative to the femur. Transection of the CrCL resulted in significant cranial tibial …


Empirical Studies Of Arundinaria Species For Restoration Purposes, Mary Catherine Mills Apr 2011

Empirical Studies Of Arundinaria Species For Restoration Purposes, Mary Catherine Mills

Theses and Dissertations

The research in this thesis concentrates on investigation of the ecology of Arundinaria species for restoration purposes. Arundinaria species are key components in the canebrake ecosystem that was once prominent in the southeastern United States. Arundinaria still occurs as an understory component of bottomland hardwood forests, but with intense agricultural development and urbanization over the past 200 years, canebrakes are now a critically endangered ecosystem with greater than 98% loss. Specifically the thesis addresses the establishment of Arundinaria with other plant species and site preparation techniques. This study indicated that A. gigantea planted into plots dominated by non-native plants benefited …


Development Of A Shore Profile Algorithm For Tidal Estuaries Dominated By Fine Sediments, Kimberly Collins Pevey Apr 2011

Development Of A Shore Profile Algorithm For Tidal Estuaries Dominated By Fine Sediments, Kimberly Collins Pevey

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this work is to generate a shore profile algorithm to be used in estuaries dominated by fine sediments. Numerical models are continually evolving to enhance the overall accuracy of results. However, the typical shore profile is defined as a vertical wall. This work defines the shore as a nonlinear profile which will provide more realistic models. A variety of shore profile equations were examined and tested against a field site, Weeks Bay, Alabama. The most applicable, an equation by S. C. Lee, was modified in order to calculate the entire shore profile length. The distance from the …


Disaster Preparedness Of Licensed Private Veterinary Practitioners In Mississippi, Kathleen Leech Ebers Apr 2011

Disaster Preparedness Of Licensed Private Veterinary Practitioners In Mississippi, Kathleen Leech Ebers

Theses and Dissertations

This study’s purpose was to describe the disaster preparedness of licensed private veterinary practitioners in Mississippi. A mail survey was distributed assessing disaster training, response plans, and disaster-related organization knowledge. Individuals who have experienced a disaster are more likely to have a personal plan, a clinic plan, or both than those who have not. County residence along the Mississippi Gulf Coast showed 3.62 times likelihood of having a personal plan and 3.09 times likelihood of having a clinic plan than those in other districts. Many veterinarians failed to identify their local emergency management agency as their point of contact in …


Distribution And Management Of Invasive Plant Species In The Ross Barnett Reservoir, Michael Christopher Cox Apr 2011

Distribution And Management Of Invasive Plant Species In The Ross Barnett Reservoir, Michael Christopher Cox

Theses and Dissertations

A point intercept survey was conducted from 2005 to 2010 on the Ross Barnett Reservoir near Jackson, MS to calculate the frequency of occurrence of all aquatic plant species in the Reservoir. style='mso-spacerun:yes'> Water lotus ( style='mso-bidiont-style:normal'>Nelumbo lutea Willd.) was the native species that occurred most often, while alligatorweed (Alternanthera style='mso-bidiont-style:normal'> philoxeroides [Mart.] Griseb.) occurred most often with regard to non-natives. A logistic regression model indicated that as species richness increases, the probability of observing a non-native species also increases. Herbicide evaluations implied that the chemical imazapyr provided the largest biomass reduction in alligatorweed over a twelve week period; …


Effect Of Hunting Frequency On Duck Abundance, Harvest, And Hunt Quality In Mississippi, Elizabeth Anne St James Apr 2011

Effect Of Hunting Frequency On Duck Abundance, Harvest, And Hunt Quality In Mississippi, Elizabeth Anne St James

Theses and Dissertations

Waterfowl hunting is important historically, culturally, and economically in Mississippi and North America. I evaluated effect of hunting frequency (2 or 4 days/week) on duck abundance, harvest, and hunters’ perceived quality of their experience on Mississippi Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs). Neither relative abundance nor harvest of all ducks, mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), northern shoveler (A. clypeata), or green-winged teal (A. crecca) differed between experimental hunting frequencies. Duck harvest increased with hours spent afield. Hunters’ perceived quality did not differ between hunting frequencies but was greatest when hunters harvested > 4 ducks/ day and increased with harvest of larger sized ducks. I suggest …


Deoxygenation Catalysis On Titania For Renewable Fuel Applications, Prashant Reuben Daggolu Apr 2011

Deoxygenation Catalysis On Titania For Renewable Fuel Applications, Prashant Reuben Daggolu

Theses and Dissertations

This research studies the use of class=SpellE>titania (titanium dioxide, TiO2) as a catalyst for deoxygenation of class=SpellE>syngas derived oxygenates. These oxygenates are formed as byproducts when biomass derived syngas (CO & H2) is converted to ethanol on Rhodium or Molybdenum based catalysts. Conversion of these oxygenates to hydrocarbon would enhance the viability of class=SpellE>syngas to gasoline technology. This study revealed that class=SpellE>titania can indeed be used to convert syngas derived oxygenates to hydrocarbon at high temperature and pressure. Acetone condensation to mesitylene was studied very closely. The study revealed that the acid-base dual nature of class=SpellE …


A Proteomic Approach To Profiling The Pipping Muscle Of The Broiler Embryo, Adebayo Oluwaseun Sokale Apr 2011

A Proteomic Approach To Profiling The Pipping Muscle Of The Broiler Embryo, Adebayo Oluwaseun Sokale

Theses and Dissertations

The Musculus complexus (pipping muscle) plays a primary role in the hatching of the chick from the eggshell at the end of its embryonic life. Various metabolic and cellular changes have been associated with the pipping muscle during development. These studies profiled the pipping muscle at the molecular level by identifying proteins which are associated with the developmental changes. In the first phase of the study, protein expression profile of the Day 13 chicken embryo pipping muscle was obtained using DDF with nano HPLC mass spectrometric analyzer. Identified proteins were categorized based on Gene Ontology. In the second phase, pipping …