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Human-Swarm Interaction: Effects On Operator Workload, Scale, And Swarm Topology, Brian O. Pendleton
Human-Swarm Interaction: Effects On Operator Workload, Scale, And Swarm Topology, Brian O. Pendleton
Theses and Dissertations
Robots, including UAVs, have found increasing use in helping humans with dangerous and difficult tasks. The number of robots in use is increasing and is likely to continue increasing in the future. As the number of robots increases, human operators will need to coordinate and control the actions of large teams of robots. While multi-robot supervisory control has been widely studied, it requires that an operator divide his or her attention between robots. Consequently, the use of multi-robot supervisory control is limited by the number of robots that a human or team of humans can reasonably control. Swarm robotics -- …
Origami-Based Design For Engineering Applications, Kevin Campbell Francis
Origami-Based Design For Engineering Applications, Kevin Campbell Francis
Theses and Dissertations
Origami can be a powerful source of design inspiration in the creation of reconfigurable systems with unparalleled performance. This thesis provides fundamental tools for designers to employ as origami-based designs are pursued in their respective fields of expertise. The first chapter introduces origami and makes connections between origami and engineering design through a survey of engineered applications and characterizing the relationship between origami and compliant mechanisms. The second chapter evaluates the creasing of non-paper sheet materials, such as plastics and metals, to facilitate origami-based compliant mechanism design. Although it is anticipated that most origami-based design will result from surrogate folds …
Graphstore: A Distributed Graph Storage System For Big Data Networks, Venkataswamy Martha
Graphstore: A Distributed Graph Storage System For Big Data Networks, Venkataswamy Martha
Theses and Dissertations
Networks, such as social networks, are a universal solution for modeling complex problems in real time, especially in the Big Data community. While previous studies have attempted to enhance network processing algorithms, none have paved a path for the development of a persistent storage system. The proposed solution, Graphstore, provides an efficient and scalable graph management system for giant networks using Hadoop, a widely accepted distributed big data processing framework. Unlike the existing graph processing systems on Hadoop, the GraphStore offers a persistency through which query processing modules can be implemented. There arise several challenges with this study, such as …
Synthetic Polymeric Carbohydrates Recognized Toxoplasma Gondii Tachyzoites And Induced Early Phagocytosis By Macrophages, Souzan Hussain Eassa
Synthetic Polymeric Carbohydrates Recognized Toxoplasma Gondii Tachyzoites And Induced Early Phagocytosis By Macrophages, Souzan Hussain Eassa
Theses and Dissertations
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii your words (T. gondii your words) that affects most types of warm-blooded vertebrate cells. Up to one third of the humans population in the world is chronically infected by this parasite. Human and animals at risk for toxoplasmosis include fetuses, newborns, and immunologically impaired patients. To date, there is no vaccine available and no drug has a successful effective against chronic form of toxoplasmosis. Recent Toxoplasma your words diagnostic methods showed high false positive results and cannot detect the parasite in the early infection stage. Early diagnosis of …
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Metabolic Network In Mycobacterium Vanbaalenii Pyr-1, Ohgew Kweon
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Metabolic Network In Mycobacterium Vanbaalenii Pyr-1, Ohgew Kweon
Theses and Dissertations
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of toxic compounds, which consist of two or more fused benzene rings. Due to their ecotoxic, mutagenic, and in some cases carcinogenic properties, sixteen PAHs are on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and European Union lists of priority pollutants to be monitored in the environment. Of particular interest are high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs with four or more benzene rings, due to their human carcinogenicity and persistent in the environment. Microbial metabolic activity represents the primary process of biodegradation and bioremediation of PAHs in the environment and has been evaluated as a promising …
Nano-Biomedical Approaches Of Cancer Therapy Using Carbon Based And Magnetic Nanomaterials, Alokita Karmakar
Nano-Biomedical Approaches Of Cancer Therapy Using Carbon Based And Magnetic Nanomaterials, Alokita Karmakar
Theses and Dissertations
Since the inception of nanoparticles, they have affected almost each and every field of modern science and technology both in terms of research and application. Due to its subcellular level size and ease of modification for biological and medical purposes, nanoparticles have contributed greatly in various field of biomedical reaserch including cancer research. In this dissertation, emphasis has been given on an important area of research of a multi-modal anticancer therapeutic approach using carbon-based and magnetic inorganic nanoparticles. Cancer is a complex disease that has been known to be generated by mutations at the genetic level, and continue to accumulate …
A Bond Valence-Based Force Field: A Multi-Body Approach, Matthew Harris Davis
A Bond Valence-Based Force Field: A Multi-Body Approach, Matthew Harris Davis
Theses and Dissertations
The typical form for a molecular mechanics force field consists of a foundation of pair-wise terms to describe bonded and non-bonded atomic interactions, with multi-body correction terms to deal with the limitations of pair-wise terms. I present here the first attempts of a molecular mechanics model that is founded on multi-body terms, which are based on the Bond Valence Model (Brown, 2002) and recent developments in the Vectorial Bond Valence Model (Bickmore et al., 2013a; Harvey et al., 2006). I calibrated these models on pressure vs. energy curves for a set of SiO2 polymorphs. The average deviation for the best-fit …
Understanding The Support Needs Of People With Intellectual And Related Developmental Disabilities Through Cluster Analysis And Factor Analysis Of Statewide Data, Yuwadee Viriyangkura
Understanding The Support Needs Of People With Intellectual And Related Developmental Disabilities Through Cluster Analysis And Factor Analysis Of Statewide Data, Yuwadee Viriyangkura
Theses and Dissertations
Through a secondary analysis of statewide data from Colorado, people with intellectual and related developmental disabilities (ID/DD) were classified into five clusters based on their support needs characteristics using cluster analysis techniques. Prior latent factor models of support needs in the field of ID/DD were examined to investigate the factor structure of the support needs construct using confirmatory factor analytic procedures.
A Novel Approach For Prognostic Biomarker Identification And Risk Stratification In Multiple Myeloma Using Combined Proteomics And Genomics Analyses, Shweta Shashikant Chavan
A Novel Approach For Prognostic Biomarker Identification And Risk Stratification In Multiple Myeloma Using Combined Proteomics And Genomics Analyses, Shweta Shashikant Chavan
Theses and Dissertations
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of antibody-producing plasma B cells with patients presenting heterogeneous progression and survival outcome. Myeloma is currently incurable and the goal of current treatment options, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplantations, is to manage the disease so as to increase overall survival (OS) and/or event-free survival (EFS). Currently, patient risk is assessed using gene expression profiling based on a seventy gene risk signature (GEP70). However, the GEP70 high-risk group has poor prognosis and survival outcome and the low-risk patients with poor survival do exist. Therefore, in order to improve risk stratification, we undertook a mass spectrometry …
Development Of The In Vivo Multicolor Photoacoustic Flow Cytometer, Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
Development Of The In Vivo Multicolor Photoacoustic Flow Cytometer, Mustafa Sarimollaoglu
Theses and Dissertations
Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for analysis of cells in artificial flow. This highly accurate technology, using multicolor fluorescent probes and lasers with different wavelengths, provides fast multiparameter quantification of the biological properties of cells. Invasive extraction of cells from an organism, however, leads to changes in cell properties and low sensitivity, and prevents studying cells in their native environment. Challenges to advances in in vivo flow cytometry include fluorescent probe toxicity, strong background, and number of colors, as well as assessment of small vessels. To overcome these limitations, photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) was introduced. PAFC is based on …
Functional Characterization Of Crip1a Knockout Mice, Joanna Jacob
Functional Characterization Of Crip1a Knockout Mice, Joanna Jacob
Theses and Dissertations
CB1 cannabinoid receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate the central nervous system (CNS) effects of marijuana and endocannabinoids. Recently, cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) was discovered as a novel protein that binds to the CB1 receptor C-terminus and inhibits CB1 receptor activity without affecting CB1 expression. This thesis investigated the functions of CRIP1a by characterizing the first CRIP1a knockout (KO) mouse line. The absence of CRIP1a was confirmed in KO mice using quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. I hypothesized that CRIP1a KO mice would exhibit enhanced CB1 receptor-mediated G-protein activity in the CNS, as well as cannabimemetic phenotypes and enhanced …
Positron Emission Tomography For Pre-Clinical Sub-Volume Dose Escalation, Christopher Bass
Positron Emission Tomography For Pre-Clinical Sub-Volume Dose Escalation, Christopher Bass
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: This dissertation focuses on establishment of pre-clinical methods facilitating the use of PET imaging for selective sub-volume dose escalation. Specifically the problems addressed are 1.) The difficulties associated with comparing multiple PET images, 2.) The need for further validation of novel PET tracers before their implementation in dose escalation schema and 3.) The lack of concrete pre-clinical data supporting the use of PET images for guidance of selective sub-volume dose escalations. Methods and materials: In order to compare multiple PET images the confounding effects of mispositioning and anatomical change between imaging sessions needed to be alleviated. To mitigate the …
Cytotoxicity Study Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes And Their Complexes Applied To Mcf7 Breast Cancer Cells, Karine Mege
Theses and Dissertations
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are radicals of great concern to biologists. Their role in several diseases--such as neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, premature aging and cancer--has been intensively investigated during the last decade. Since a major focus in cancer research is to better understand how it is induced and therefore how it can be cured, the study of the cytotoxic effects of ROS production within cancer cells is vital. Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that promises great improvements in a number of disciplines. Nano medicine is one of its daughter fields. Various nanomaterials are used for diagnosis and disease detection, …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Polypyrrole-Metal Complexes As Electrocatalysts, Nandan K. Peddi
Synthesis And Characterization Of Polypyrrole-Metal Complexes As Electrocatalysts, Nandan K. Peddi
Theses and Dissertations
Modern fuel cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy due to the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to produce water using a platinum electrocatalyst. The scarcity and high cost of platinum have led to the development of various less expensive and efficient electrocatalysts. Polypyrrole-cobalt (CoPPy) complex has been developed as a nonplatinum electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and potential application as a cathode in fuel cells. The complex was synthesized by refluxing pyrrole monomer and cobalt acetate tetrahydrate in dimethylformamide (DMF) for two hours followed by vacuum distillation to collect the solid electrocatalyst. Cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode voltammetry …
Breastfeeding: An Analysis And Community-Based Curriculum For The Contemporary Central Arkansas Audience, Jennifer Susan Atkins-Gordeeva
Breastfeeding: An Analysis And Community-Based Curriculum For The Contemporary Central Arkansas Audience, Jennifer Susan Atkins-Gordeeva
Theses and Dissertations
Contemporary society includes many features that impede women's decision-making about infant feeding. The Central Arkansas community is particularly affected by those features. Because informed decision-making involves an acknowledgment of the risks of formula use, breastfeeding advocates must talk about risk. This curriculum offers one way to discuss risks of formula and challenges and supports within the community, to create a supportive environment for making informed decisions, and to commit to a lactation plan, inside a supportive, community-based setting.
Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth Of Semiconductor Sic Nanowires For Electronics Applications, Rooban Venkatesh K G Thirumalai
Vapor-Liquid-Solid Growth Of Semiconductor Sic Nanowires For Electronics Applications, Rooban Venkatesh K G Thirumalai
Theses and Dissertations
While investigations of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has a long history, a significant progress is yet to be made in silicon carbide (SiC) NW technologies before they are ready to be utilized in electronic applications. In this dissertation work, SiC NW polytype control, NW axis orientation with respect to the growth substrate and other issues of potential technological importance are investigated. A new method for growing SiC NWs by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism was developed. The method is based on an in-situ vapor phase delivery of a metal catalyst to the growth surface during chemical vapor deposition. This approach is an alternative to …
Effect Of Chopping Or Cubing Hay On Apparent Digestibility Of Nutrients When Fed To Angus, Hereford, And Charolais Steers, Rebecca Ann Willcutt
Effect Of Chopping Or Cubing Hay On Apparent Digestibility Of Nutrients When Fed To Angus, Hereford, And Charolais Steers, Rebecca Ann Willcutt
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate digestibility of cubed hay as a feedstuff for ruminants. Angus (n=6), Hereford (n=3), and Charolais (n=3; total n=12; 226 ± 21.8kg) steers, stratified by breed, were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: 1) hay; 2) chopped; 3) cubed. There was no difference (P > 0.05) of DMI or digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, and energy among treatments. Steers consuming hay digested more CP than those consuming chopped. Steers consuming cubed digested less CP than those consuming hay or chopped. More fat was digested by steers consuming hay or chopped than by …
Bamboo Nutritional Composition, Biomass Production, And Palatability To Giant Pandas: Disturbance And Temporal Effects, Jennifer L. Parsons
Bamboo Nutritional Composition, Biomass Production, And Palatability To Giant Pandas: Disturbance And Temporal Effects, Jennifer L. Parsons
Theses and Dissertations
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) subsists on bamboo, but lacks gastrointestinal modifications for fiber digestion. Pandas display dietary selectivity for certain plant parts; however, cues for selection are unknown, and few have examined panda feeding behavior and bamboo nutrient composition simultaneously. Bamboos are clonal plants, with seasonal cycles of nutrient accumulation related to peak photosynthesis and recruitment. These cycles can be destabilized by aboveground disturbance; however, effects of disturbance on nutritional quality and sustainability of bamboo for primary consumers have not been studied. I examined 4 factors that may contribute to bamboo nutritional quality or sustainable harvest: season, ramet maturity …
Cattle Grazing Preferences, Animal Performance, And Harvest Management Effects Among Diploid And Tetraploid Cultivars Of Annual Ryegrass, Juan Kevin Quamina Solomon
Cattle Grazing Preferences, Animal Performance, And Harvest Management Effects Among Diploid And Tetraploid Cultivars Of Annual Ryegrass, Juan Kevin Quamina Solomon
Theses and Dissertations
Incremental gains in productivity from new forages are likely to be very small in developed countries like the USA where forage research is highly advanced, thus animals must be used in determining their value. Three experiments were conducted. Experiment I evaluated grazing preference of cattle and its relationship with morphological and chemical characteristics. Treatments were two diploid cultivars ‘Marshall’ and ‘Gulf’ and two tetraploid cultivars ‘Maximus’ and ‘Nelson’ arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment. Animal preference was based on herbage disappearance, the Chesson-Manly index, and animal grazing time. Both herbage disappearance (1400 vs. 890 kg ha-1) …
Characterization Of Transition Metals Binding To Carbonic Anhydrase, He Song
Characterization Of Transition Metals Binding To Carbonic Anhydrase, He Song
Theses and Dissertations
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a well-studied, zinc dependent metalloenzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of carbon dioxide to the bicarbonate ion. In the past, metal binding studies related to CA have continually relied on equilibrium dialysis measurements to ascertain an extremely strong association constant (Ka= approx. 1.2 x 1012) for Zn2+. However, new methodology has allowed us to collect data using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), which calls that number and the association constants for many other first row transition metal ions into question. Thermodynamic parameters associated with Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, and Co2+ binding to apoCA are unraveled from a series of complex …
Arthrodesis Of The Proximal Interphalangeal Joint In The Horse: A Biomechanical Comparison Of 5.5mm Cortical Screw Augmented 4.5mm Narrow Lcdcp And 5.0mm Lcp Constructs With And Without Distal Interphalangeal Joint Collateral Ligament Transection, Richard A. Rocconi
Theses and Dissertations
The in vitro comparison of monotonic and cyclic mechanical properties of equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodeses stabilized using an open or closed technique and application of 2 abaxial transarticular lag screws combined with either an axial 4.5mm narrow 3-hole LC-DCP with 5.5mm cortical screws a 4.5mm narrow 3-hole LCP with 5.0mm locking screws. Limbs were tested for cyclic fatigue at 20,0000cycles and then in single-cycle to failure under 3-point, dorsopalmar bending. There were no significant differences in stiffness and single-cycle to failure values between the LCP and LC-DCP constructs, with or without PIPJ collateral ligament transaction. There was no interaction …
Surface Modification And Transport Modeling Of Micron- And Nano-Sized Materials, Erick Salvador Vasquez Guardado
Surface Modification And Transport Modeling Of Micron- And Nano-Sized Materials, Erick Salvador Vasquez Guardado
Theses and Dissertations
Nanoparticle-based technologies are an emerging field with the promise to impact a wide range of application areas. However, that potential is somewhat married to a host of research questions that remain to be answered. This work explores the surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles in a controlled fashion to produce hybrid nanoparticle (metal/polymer) systems with different morphologies, understand in-situ behavior of stimuli-responsive polymers grafted to a substrate, and obtain better computational methods for particle-tracking and -deposition. Nanoparticle surface modification was performed using ATRP, obtaining homo-, block-co-, and ‘twoaced/biphasic’ polymer structures on the nanoparticle surfaces. Biphasic Janus nanoparticles (JPs) were formed using …
The Effect Of Molecular Crowding On The Stability Of Human C-Myc Promoter Sequence I-Motif At Neutral Ph, Jingjing Cui
The Effect Of Molecular Crowding On The Stability Of Human C-Myc Promoter Sequence I-Motif At Neutral Ph, Jingjing Cui
Theses and Dissertations
The oncogene c-MYC has guanine-rich and complementary cytosine-rich sequences in its P1 promoter region. The P1 promoter is responsible for over 90% of the c-MYC expression. Downregulation of c-MYC expression represents a novel therapeutic approach to more than 50% of all cancers. A stable i-motif formed by the c-MYC C-rich sequence would be an attractive target for cancer treatment. We have previously shown that c-MYC promoter sequences can form stable i-motifs in acidic solution (pH 4.5-5.5). The question is whether c-MYC promoter sequence i-motif will be stable at physiological pH. In this work, we have investigated the stability of mutant …
Relationships Between Fish Assemblages And Water Quality In Oxbow Lakes Of The Yazoo River Basin, Daniel Blaine Goetz
Relationships Between Fish Assemblages And Water Quality In Oxbow Lakes Of The Yazoo River Basin, Daniel Blaine Goetz
Theses and Dissertations
Thirteen oxbow lakes, 7 deep (>3.0 m) and 6 shallow (< 1.5m), were studied in the Yazoo River basin (YRB) to identify if divergent water quality characteristics and fish communities were common occurrences. Shallow lakes repeatedly experienced wide diel fluctuations in temperature and oxygen, reduced Secchi depth, and greater levels of suspended solids, turbidity, and chlorophyll-a. Fish communities were mostly comprised of orangespotted sunfish, juvenile crappies, gars, and various backwater fishes. Deep lakes exhibited improved conditions among all water quality variables and harbored fish communities comprised mostly of large-bodied and long-lived individuals, and piscivorous species. Furthermore, effects of smallmouth buffalo on water quality were examined at three different biomass levels in experimental ponds. Ponds with biomasses at 220 and 65 kg ha-1 responded with reduced visibility, elevated turbidity and suspended solids, and lower oxygen levels. These two studies combined provide valuable insight into shallow lake management in the YRB.
Response Of Oxidation-Reduction Potential To Changes In Hydrology And Vegetation In An Agricultural Drainage Ditch With Weirs, Cory Shoemaker
Response Of Oxidation-Reduction Potential To Changes In Hydrology And Vegetation In An Agricultural Drainage Ditch With Weirs, Cory Shoemaker
Theses and Dissertations
Excess nutrients entering aquatic systems cause negative effects downstream. Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) is an inexpensive proxy which can be used to define the potential nutrient reducing capacity of a system, in particular denitrification. My thesis attempts to determine effects of hydrology and vegetation manipulations on Eh in an agricultural drainage ditch with weirs using continuous automated data loggers to monitor the system. Accuracy and precision of the continuous automated data loggers was confirmed through laboratory and field testing. Effects of hydrology and vegetation on Eh were quantified during testing from May-September 2012 in east-central Mississippi. Vegetation affected Eh (t=-1.75, P=0.08, …
Roles Of Progesterone And Paternal Gene Expression On Embryo Development In Bovine, Melissa C. Mason
Roles Of Progesterone And Paternal Gene Expression On Embryo Development In Bovine, Melissa C. Mason
Theses and Dissertations
Fertility is the most important factor controlling mammalian reproduction. Bull fertility, ability of the sperm to fertilize and activate the egg, and support embryonic development is crucial for early development. Similarly, the hormonal environment of the embryo also plays a critical role in successful embryonic development. We know that molecular health of the sperm as well as progesterone enhancing the development of the embryo is important for early development and implantation. The gaps in the knowledge base are 1) how early mammalian embryo development is paternally affected is not fully clear and 2) how progesterone improves the survival of the …
Serenbe, A Case Study In Agricultural Urbanism, Charles Alexander Gotherman
Serenbe, A Case Study In Agricultural Urbanism, Charles Alexander Gotherman
Theses and Dissertations
Despite the overwhelming role food plays in our everyday lives, the both new and old phenomenon of incorporating food systems into master planned communities has largely been overlooked. The in-progress community of Serenbe located just outside of Atlanta, Georgia is breaking this trend. The mixed use 1,000 acre community has already included many food and agriculture elements such as an organic farm, farmers’ market, grocery store, farm-to-table restaurants and edible landscaping - making it an exemplar case of an emerging planning strategy called Agricultural Urbanism. While many are heralding Serenbe for its strides as a community that incorporates agriculture into …
Somatic Culture And Induced Mutations Of Giant Miscanthus (Miscanthus X Giganteus), Dinum Perera
Somatic Culture And Induced Mutations Of Giant Miscanthus (Miscanthus X Giganteus), Dinum Perera
Theses and Dissertations
Exploiting induced genetic diversity through using mutagenesis is particularly important in giant miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus; Mxg) due to its restricted genetic variability. Experiments were conducted to develop an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for Mxg, induce mutations in Mxg using a chemical mutagen, and select Mxg in vitro for heat tolerance. To optimize in vitro propagation of Mxg, five explant types [i.e. immature inflorescences, shoot apex (in vitro), shoot apex (greenhouse), leaf explants (in vitro), and leaf explants (greenhouse)] were tested on five media. Shoot forming calli from immature inflorescences, an excellent source of explant in Mxg, grown in …
Postemergence And Residual Control Of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) With Dicamba, Clifford Blake Edwards
Postemergence And Residual Control Of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus Palmeri) With Dicamba, Clifford Blake Edwards
Theses and Dissertations
Onarm research was conducted in 2011 and 2012 to determine the postemergence and residual control by dicamba of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.). Preemergence dicamba at 0, 0.28, 0.56, and 1.1 kg ae ha-1 and 0.07 kg ae ha-1 flumioxazin was applied at 30, 15 and 0 days prior to planting. Postemergence dicamba at 0.28, 0.56, and 1.1 kg ae ha-1 with and without 0.84 kg ae ha-1 glyphosate was applied to 5, 10 and 15 cm Palmer amaranth. In addition, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in 2012 to evaluate and confirm the optimum rate for control …
Diversity And Characteristics Of Heat-Stress Adaptation In Listeria Monocytogenes Strains, Priyanka Mahesh Jangam
Diversity And Characteristics Of Heat-Stress Adaptation In Listeria Monocytogenes Strains, Priyanka Mahesh Jangam
Theses and Dissertations
A set of 37 strains including 13 serotypes of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) were analyzed for heat tolerance at 60°C for 10 min and further categorized into three groups; low (strains with <2 log survival), medium (2-4 log survival), and high (4-6 log survival) heat tolerant. When Lm strains representing each group were subjected to sub-lethal heatstress at 48°C prior to 60°C, the survivals of all strains were increased by at least 5 log CFU/ml when compared to controls. Sub-lethal heat-stress at 48°C for 30-60 min increased the heat-stress resistance of Lm strains by doubling D60°C values from 1.9-4.3 to 5.0-10.4 min. When Lm cells were cooled after sublethal heat-stress at 48°C prior to 60°C treatment, such acquired heat-stress adaptation was unstable at 22°C but was found to be highly stable for up to 24 h at 4°C. These results will have potential implications in food safety risk analysis for Lm.