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Long-Term Benefits Of Head Start: Evidence From The Panel Study Of Income Dynamics, Matthew Terrill Alford
Long-Term Benefits Of Head Start: Evidence From The Panel Study Of Income Dynamics, Matthew Terrill Alford
Theses and Dissertations
Cross-sectional and geographical data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were combined with school-district level data from the Census Bureau’s F-33 Survey of Local Government. Use of this unique dataset, allows for the examination of the longterm effects of preschool participation while controlling for the quality of schooling encountered post-program. Former Head Start participants report better health status than individuals with no preschool experience or experience in preschools other than Head Start. Individuals who attended these other preschools outperformed the Head Start group when it came to high school graduation and overall educational attainment. No differences were detected in …
Implementation And Impact Of A School-Based Intervention Program To Combat Obesity And Cardiovascular Disease In A Predominantly African-American High School, Brenda White Campbell Jenkins
Implementation And Impact Of A School-Based Intervention Program To Combat Obesity And Cardiovascular Disease In A Predominantly African-American High School, Brenda White Campbell Jenkins
Theses and Dissertations
This study addressed obesity of youth in a predominantly African-American school and was concerned with the implementation of a CVD intervention program, Project Health Curriculum, for high school students, focusing on early health promotion and support to children at risk of developing adult diseases. A health promotion program was implemented at a high school in Canton, Mississippi, to equip students with information to help reduce risk behaviors that could lead to health problems. This intervention was conducted in the health and physical education classes. Students were given the opportunity to report their knowledge and behaviors by participating in a pretest. …
Evaluation Of Lighter Density Fraction From Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles As A Feedstuff For Ruminants, Jonathan Michael Greene
Evaluation Of Lighter Density Fraction From Dried Distillers Grains With Solubles As A Feedstuff For Ruminants, Jonathan Michael Greene
Theses and Dissertations
The objective of this study was to evaluate the lighter fraction of DDGS as a possible feedstuff for cattle. To accomplish this, a digestion trial was performed to determine nutrient digestibility and crude protein retention by steers consuming the lighter fraction of DDGS. Steers received L, a diet containing the lighter fraction of DDGS, D, a diet containing whole DDGS, or C, a control diet. Steers receiving L consumed less DM than steers receiving D and C. CP retention and digestibilities of DM, OM, ash, NDF, ADF, HC, and energy did not differ among steers in different treatment groups. Fat …
An Exploratory Study Of The Effect Of Instruction On Student, Gladys E. Vint
An Exploratory Study Of The Effect Of Instruction On Student, Gladys E. Vint
Theses and Dissertations
Although substantial research has been conducted regarding the instruction of reading, students are still not reaching a desired level of reading competency (Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998). The Reading First program was established to address this dilemma. In order to examine the impact the Reading First method of teaching reading had on the schools in Arkansas, a population was identified and classified into four categories: funded Reading First and non-funded Reading First, and matched control groups for both funded and non-funded. These schools were followed for three years, first grade through the third grade year, by obtaining achievement data obtained …
Community Voice: Taking It To The People, Guidelines For Conducting A Process Evaluation, Tiffany Mcghee
Community Voice: Taking It To The People, Guidelines For Conducting A Process Evaluation, Tiffany Mcghee
Theses and Dissertations
Background The Community Voice program is designed for African-Americans and explores key factors that can contribute to African-American infant mortality. This program was implemented in Henrico County based on Virginia Health Statistics that the White infant mortality rate average during the years of 2001-2005 was 5.3 deaths per 1,000 live births and in the same time period the infant mortality rate for African-Americans was 13.7 deaths per 1,000 live births. At the time of implementation of the program, no plans to evaluate the program had been made. Objective This evaluation was designed to develop guidelines regarding the evaluation process of …
Vitamin B6 Metabolism And Regulation Of Pyridoxal Kinase, Amit Gandhi
Vitamin B6 Metabolism And Regulation Of Pyridoxal Kinase, Amit Gandhi
Theses and Dissertations
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is the cofactor for over 140 vitamin B6 (PLP)-dependent enzymes that are involved in various metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Pyridoxal kinase (PL kinase) and pyridoxine 5’-phosphate oxidase (PNP oxidase) are the two key enzymes that metabolize nutritional forms of vitamin B6, including pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and pyridoxamine (PM) to the active cofactor form, PLP. Disruption of the PLP metabolic pathway due to mutations in PNP oxidase or PL kinase result in PLP deficiency, which is implicated in several neurological pathologies. Several ingested compounds are also known to result in PLP deficiency with concomitant neurotoxic effects. How …
Developing A Comprehensive Youth Obesity Initiative For The State Of Virginia, Jennifer Thompson
Developing A Comprehensive Youth Obesity Initiative For The State Of Virginia, Jennifer Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
The 2009 Virginia General Assembly Session unanimously voted to change the legislation governing the Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation to create the Virginia Foundation for Healthy Youth (VFHY) and incorporate childhood overweight and obesity prevention and reduction in its mission. In order to successfully meet the requirements of this legislation, VFHY needed assistance developing a strategic plan for the obesity initiative and a knowledge base to draw from. A comprehensive assessment of the status of Virginia’s childhood obesity problem was conducted, including the prevalence of the illness, the barriers existing to and the benefits to obesity prevention programs, the need for …
Association Between Obesity And Depression And Anxiety Disorders: Results From The 2008 National Health Interview Survey, Monica Gaidhane
Association Between Obesity And Depression And Anxiety Disorders: Results From The 2008 National Health Interview Survey, Monica Gaidhane
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Obesity is one of the most important medical problems in the U.S. and is considered to be an epidemic with over 30% of the population being obese. Obesity is associated with increased risk of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers and a shorter life expectancy. Recent studies have shown that higher BMI levels are also significantly associated with several lifetime mental disorders such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders as well as panic attacks and panic disorders. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which higher BMI increased the likelihood of Depression, Anxiety Disorder …
Zooplankton Abundance, Community Composition And Grazing In The James River Estuary (Virginia, Usa), Laura E. Barry
Zooplankton Abundance, Community Composition And Grazing In The James River Estuary (Virginia, Usa), Laura E. Barry
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the extent to which zooplankton in the James River Estuary (Virginia, USA) exploit the available algal-food resources. Zooplankton abundance, community composition and grazing rates were assessed at three locations which included a site with high algal production (near the VCU Rice Center) and two sites where algal production was lower. Grazing rates were measured by determining the rate of phytoplankton decline (as chlorophyll a) during 48-hour incubation experiments in the presence and absence of zooplankton. Significant differences in zooplankton abundance were observed among the three sites, with the greatest average zooplankton density (434 ± 69 ind/L) occurring …
Ecophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Aspen To Conifer Succession, William J. Calder
Ecophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Aspen To Conifer Succession, William J. Calder
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis includes three studies. The first study examined how reductions in light availability and changes in soil chemistry that occur as conifers establish in aspen stands, differentially affects the regeneration success of aspen and conifers. We found that aspen were more sensitive to changes in light and soil then subalpine fir. For aspen, reduced light and conifer influenced soils significantly reduced height, biomass, photosynthesis and the production of secondary defense compounds. Subalpine fir seedlings were significantly reduced in photosynthesis, biomass and R:S under lower light conditions but showed no differences in physiology or growth when grown on the contrasting …
Genetic Dissection Of Triterpenoid Saponin Production In Chenopodium Quinoa Using Microarray Analysis, Derrick James Reynolds
Genetic Dissection Of Triterpenoid Saponin Production In Chenopodium Quinoa Using Microarray Analysis, Derrick James Reynolds
Theses and Dissertations
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an important food crop for subsistence farmers in the Altiplano (high plains) of Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Saponins are part of a diverse family of secondary metabolites that are found in high concentrations in the pericarp of many varieties of quinoa. Due to their bitter taste and anti-nutritive properties, saponins must be removed before the quinoa grain is consumed. There are ‘sweet’ varieties of quinoa that have significantly reduced levels of saponin. Previous research suggests saponin production is controlled by a single locus. The major objective of this research was to elucidate the genetic …
Weight Loss Surgery Decision Process: A Grounded Theory Study, Martha Lystad
Weight Loss Surgery Decision Process: A Grounded Theory Study, Martha Lystad
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the decision making process of morbidly or severely obese individuals who engage in weight loss surgery and the role of nurses in this process using a grounded theory research design. Morbid or severe obesity is a chronic illness that is increasing in prevalence throughout the United States. The Center for Disease Control (2007) reported the obesity population of adults doubled from 15.1% in 1976-80 to 30.9% in 1999-2000. The current most effective long-term treatment for morbid or severe obesity is weight loss surgery, most commonly gastric bypass or gastric banding. Furthermore, …
Adult Health Maintenance And Promotion Clinic: Application Of The Wheel Of Interventions, Nicole R. Medalen
Adult Health Maintenance And Promotion Clinic: Application Of The Wheel Of Interventions, Nicole R. Medalen
Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
A Family Home Evening Based Method For Improving Physical Activity Levels In Families, Megan Maughan Wyatt
A Family Home Evening Based Method For Improving Physical Activity Levels In Families, Megan Maughan Wyatt
Theses and Dissertations
The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic disease conditions in both adults and children. Recently efforts to increase healthy behaviors have been promoted through religious groups (Ken Resnicow et al., 2002). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has a unique program called Family Home Evening (FHE) that could be used to teach and potentially improve physical activity. Six FHE lessons were designed to be taught in 6 consecutive weeks within a family environment. A total of 84 families (parents and children) were recruited for participation. Participating families were randomized …
Impact Of Microfinance And Remittances On The Livelihood Of Nepali People, Bishal B. Kasu
Impact Of Microfinance And Remittances On The Livelihood Of Nepali People, Bishal B. Kasu
Theses and Dissertations
This research is about the impact of microfinance and remittances on the livelihood of Nepali people. The research has adopted a quantitative approach and used the Nepal Living Standard Survey 2003-04 dataset. The research shows that microfinance and remittances have a clear effect on percent of expenses made on food, health, education, and the housing quality of Nepali people. Out of four dependent variables, microfinance is significantly associated with percent of expenses on food, health and housing quality. Amount of microfinance loans received is negatively associated with percent of expenses on food and quality of housing but positively associated with …
Ethnic Effects On Biological, Psychosocial And Disease Care Factors In African-American Youth With Type 1 Diabetes, Priscilla Powell
Ethnic Effects On Biological, Psychosocial And Disease Care Factors In African-American Youth With Type 1 Diabetes, Priscilla Powell
Theses and Dissertations
Person-oriented and variable-oriented analyses were conducted to investigate sociodemographic differences in biological, psychosocial and disease care factors in youth with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, diabetes knowledge was evaluated as a potential mediator of SES effects on HbA1c and disease care. The sample included 349 youth, age 9-17 years (79.9% Caucasian, 71.3% lived with two biological parents, M SES = 46.24). Person-oriented t-tests confirmed commonly reported ethnic differences in HbA1c and disease care behaviors. However, variable-oriented analyses controlling for confounding sociodemographic influences showed most disease care effects attributed to ethnicity were better explained by SES. While diabetes knowledge was not a …
As Crianças Invisíveis Na Literatura Brasileira: Meninos De Rua, Na Rua E Outras Crianças Em Situação De Risco, Mario Cesar Miranda Melo
As Crianças Invisíveis Na Literatura Brasileira: Meninos De Rua, Na Rua E Outras Crianças Em Situação De Risco, Mario Cesar Miranda Melo
Theses and Dissertations
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) estimates that tens of millions of homeless children spend a large portion of their lives on the streets, where they are exposed to all forms of abuse and exploitation. In Brazil, approximately eight million children are in this situation. Despite the prolonged and increasing gravity of this situation, there are few and only partial studies showing how these children have been represented in Brazilian literature. Brazilian authors ignored the problem almost completely until the decade of 1960, with the exception of Jorge Amado and a few others. Since then João Antônio, Rubem Fonseca, Clarice …
The Effectiveness Of Religiously Tailored Couple Counseling, Joshua Hook
The Effectiveness Of Religiously Tailored Couple Counseling, Joshua Hook
Theses and Dissertations
Large numbers of couples seek treatment from religious counselors who integrate religion and spirituality (R/S) into counseling. The present dissertation reviewed the literature examining the effectiveness of R/S counseling. Several R/S treatments were helpful in treating psychological problems. There was little evidence that R/S treatments outperformed secular treatments. In Study 1, a nationwide survey was conducted that examined the beliefs of Christian counselors about integrating R/S into couple counseling. Christian counselors (N = 630) completed measures of religious commitment, experience in couple counseling, attitudes toward using religious techniques in couple counseling, and the use of theory in couple counseling. Counselors …
Adolescent Interest In Alcohol Responsibility Messages: The Message Matters, Kevin Kimball John
Adolescent Interest In Alcohol Responsibility Messages: The Message Matters, Kevin Kimball John
Theses and Dissertations
Adolescents are especially vulnerable to image-based messages, which place them directly in line with the lifestyle messages presented in numerous alcohol advertisements. Research has shown that teenagers encounter alcohol advertisements from a variety of sources, prompting concern over the consequences of exposure and the risks associated with teen drinking. Warning messages contained within these alcohol advertisements are often vague in their wording and targeted to promote responsible drinking among adults, making them wholly inadequate for teen deterrence. This thesis explores the problems with current alcohol responsibility messages when dealing with teens, and proposes the development of new, modified messages, that …
Identification And Manipulation Of Resistance To Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Derived From Solanum Peruvianum, Luis F. Gordillo Jr.
Identification And Manipulation Of Resistance To Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Derived From Solanum Peruvianum, Luis F. Gordillo Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The domesticated tomato Solanum lycopersicum (L.), formerly known as Lycopersicon esculentum is a genetically well-studied crop species with high-density linkage and molecular maps based on crosses done between cultivated tomato and its distant related wild species. Wild tomato species harbor a wealth of resistance to many pathogens that have been introgressed into domesticated tomato for genetic control of diseases and pests and for improvement of many agronomic traits. The wild tomato S. peruvianum (L.) is the source of the Sw-5 gene, characterized and mapped to chromosome 9 of the tomato genome and introgressed into elite tomato germplasm, providing resistance to …
The Role Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis Lysine Specific Protease, Kgp In Hemin Transport And Pigment Accumulation, Anuj Phull
Theses and Dissertations
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is implicated as a major etiological agent in the initiation and progression of severe forms of periodontal disease. It has been reported that gingivitis and periodontal disease affect roughly 50.3% and 35% of the adult population, respectively. Therefore, approximately over 85% of the adult population may suffer from some form of gingival disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis, an established periodontopathogen, requires hemin for growth. Although multiple hemin uptake systems appear to be present in this organism, their specific role in hemin uptake and virulence remains unknown. Pigmentation is thought to result from the accumulation of iron …
Preparation And Characterization Of An Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Hybrid Nanofiber Dressing, Alicia P. Smith-Freshwater
Preparation And Characterization Of An Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Hybrid Nanofiber Dressing, Alicia P. Smith-Freshwater
Theses and Dissertations
A novel dendritic wound dressing was designed and characterized for its potential to treat chronic wounds. Comprised of gelatin, dendrimer, synthetic polymer and antibiotics, the dressing was electrospun to mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Gelatin is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and easily available. The antibiotic, doxycycline, has the ability to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. Matrix metalloproteinases, which occur in excess in chronic wounds, degrade the reconstituted ECM. Starburst™ polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.5, which provides a versatile and structurally controlled architecture to construct nanomedicine, was covalently bonded to the gelatin backbone and electrospun into nanofibers with gelatin, doxycycline and stabilizing polymers. The …
Sanitization Of Broiler Breeder Hatching Eggs Using Ultraviolet Light And Hydrogen Peroxide, Jessica Benoit Wells
Sanitization Of Broiler Breeder Hatching Eggs Using Ultraviolet Light And Hydrogen Peroxide, Jessica Benoit Wells
Theses and Dissertations
Ultraviolet light (UV) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decrease eggshell bacteria. However, when combined, the optimum amount of each and effects on hatchability are unknown. In Experiment 1, when compared to other concentrations of H2O2 and lengths of UV, the combination of 1.5% H2O2 and 8 minutes of UV yielded optimum results with a 3 log10 CFU/egg reduction in bacteria on the eggshell. In Experiment 2, exposing eggs to this optimum combination yielded a 1000 fold reduction in eggshell bacteria but only a numerical increase in hatch of set and hatch of fertile. In Experiment 3, eggs exposed to repetitive treatments …
Using Remote Sensing To Monitor Herbicide Injury And Biomass Of Waterhyacinth, Wilfredo Robles
Using Remote Sensing To Monitor Herbicide Injury And Biomass Of Waterhyacinth, Wilfredo Robles
Theses and Dissertations
Aquatic vegetation plays an important role in the ecological interactions and processes within a water body. However, the presence of the invasive exotic aquatic plant species, waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms], negatively affects those interactions as well as interfering with water use for recreation and navigation. An implemented management plan for waterhyacinth control relies on the use of herbicides. Efficacy is commonly assessed using visual injury and control ratings as well as estimating biomass. The problem is that those approaches are labor intensive only assessing single points throughout the entire water body. Therefore, technology like remote sensing, which is the …
Spatial Dispersion Of The Fungus Aspergillus Flavus In Corn Ears: A Spatial Analysis Of Ubiquitin Mrna, Leif Saxon Mylroie
Spatial Dispersion Of The Fungus Aspergillus Flavus In Corn Ears: A Spatial Analysis Of Ubiquitin Mrna, Leif Saxon Mylroie
Theses and Dissertations
Aflatoxin is a carcinogen produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus that causes millions of dollars in agriculture losses in the southeastern US. This thesis examines the dispersal of A. flavus on two corn inbred lines, resistant (Mp313E) and susceptible (B73), which differ in total aflatoxin accumulation after infection with A. flavus. After inoculating corn kernels with the fungus an RNA analysis was used to determine the location (number of kernels away from inoculation site) and abundance of A. flavus at weekly intervals. A. flavus started its spread at 7 days after inoculation (DAI) on both corn lines. The B73 corn …
Stable Carbon Isotope And Niche Breadth Analysis Of Animal Bone From Pocahontas Mounds (22hi500) And Lyon's Bluff, Robert Linder Mccain
Stable Carbon Isotope And Niche Breadth Analysis Of Animal Bone From Pocahontas Mounds (22hi500) And Lyon's Bluff, Robert Linder Mccain
Theses and Dissertations
Maize uses a photosynthetic pathway called C4 which produces a carbon signature in animal tissue that is different from most of the plants available to the inhabitants of the Southeastern United States. Faunal remains (deer, rodent, and turtle) from Pocahontas Mounds (22HI500) and Lyon’s Bluff (22OK520) were tested to determine whether the samples possessed a C4 signature. Maize has been found at both sites, but the extent of maize agriculture was not known. Rodent and turtle from both sites indicate partial to heavy consumption of C4 plants, while one deer sample from Pocahontas indicates moderate consumption of C4 plants. The …
The Ecology Of Cactoblastis Cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) In Florida, Kristen Erica Sauby
The Ecology Of Cactoblastis Cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) In Florida, Kristen Erica Sauby
Theses and Dissertations
I used a theoretical model to determine the conditions under which Cactoblastis cactorum populations would be expected to experience positive population growth. Results from simulations suggest that host species richness, host quality, and the C. cactorum death rate interact to determine the probability of C. cactorum positive population growth. I also studied the influence of host diversity empirically. Cactoblastis cactorum prevalence was significantly higher when O. stricta was present in the community. Also, higher species richness within host assemblages led to a higher prevalence of infestation than in single-species host assemblages. Finally, I explored cooccurrence patterns of native cactuseeding insects …
Examining The Self-Reported Health Behaviors And The Importance Of Role Modeling Among Resident Directors Affiliated With The Association Of College And University Housing Officers-International (Acuho-I) Institutions, Maylen Lizeth Aldana
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported health behaviors (health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations and stress management) of Resident Directors who self-reported being affiliated with ACUHO-I. The second purpose of the study was to examine which areas of health behaviors, do Resident Directors believe, their participation influences the health behaviors of their students. This was completed by inviting Resident Directors to complete the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII). A total of (n=308) Resident Directors completed the HPLPII. The results of this study are ground breaking because it is the first study examining the …
Development Of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Audiometry Materials For Testing Children In Mongolian, Meghan Elizabeth Caldwell
Development Of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Audiometry Materials For Testing Children In Mongolian, Meghan Elizabeth Caldwell
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and equate Mongolian monosyllabic and bisyllabic child-appropriate words which can be used in the measurement of word recognition scores and speech-reception threshold (SRT) in children who are native speakers of Mongolian. Based on data collected from a survey of Mongolian child language professionals, a subset of child-appropriate materials was adapted from a set of materials developed for Mongolian adults. Two lists of 50 monosyllabic words and four half-lists of 25 words each were developed for testing the word recognition abilities of Mongolian children. The developed lists and half-lists were …
An Examination Of The Decision Analysis Approach To R&D Portfolios, Kelly Duncan
An Examination Of The Decision Analysis Approach To R&D Portfolios, Kelly Duncan
Theses and Dissertations
A portfolio can be defined as “a purposeful combination of items” (Chien and Sainfort 1998). As the topic relates to research and development (R&D) the items in question are technologies, projects or products under consideration for inclusion in a given portfolio. As described by surveys from Cooper et al (1998), companies have widely varying practices for portfolio selection. This thesis examines existing literature to determine the key characteristics of good portfolio and portfolio method. The approach needs to handle multiple objectives, account for project interactions, and address the social aspect of decision making. The resulting portfolio should be aligned with …