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Detection And Characterization Of A Volatile Compound As A Response To Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) Feeding In Maize (Zea Mays), Whitney Elizabeth Crow Smith
Detection And Characterization Of A Volatile Compound As A Response To Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) Feeding In Maize (Zea Mays), Whitney Elizabeth Crow Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Maize (Zea mays) is an important agricultural crop frequently targeted by pests that pose a threat to plant development and survival. To deal with this problem, maize generates a wide variety of responses to attack by pests, from activation of woundresponse pathways to the release of volatile compounds. Several maize lines have been developed that show resistance to one common pest, the larvae of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Analysis of the volatiles released by the resistant and susceptible lines in the presence and absence of the fall armyworm was conducted using SPME coupled to GC/MS. Caryophyllene, a commonly released …
A Comparative Analysis Of Alabama Praxis Ii Examination Scores Between Online And Traditional Graduate Students At An Alabama Institution Of Higher Learning, Winston Donnie Cobb
A Comparative Analysis Of Alabama Praxis Ii Examination Scores Between Online And Traditional Graduate Students At An Alabama Institution Of Higher Learning, Winston Donnie Cobb
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to compare the Alabama Praxis II test score outcomes between students who received degrees online versus traditional students at an Alabama regional institution of higher learning. A random sample consisted of 50 online graduate students and 50 on campus graduate students. The following 2 graduate master’s degree programs were selected for this study: the Master’s of Education (M.Ed.) degree in School Counseling and the Master’s of Science in Continuing Education (M.S.C.E.) degree in Guidance Counseling. A summarization of the research questions for this study include the following: Is there a significant difference between online …
Relations Of Depression, Social Support, And Socio-Demographic Factors On Health Behaviors Of Mothers With Premature Infants Hospitalized In A Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (Nicu), Surbhi Kanotra
Theses and Dissertations
The present study examined the relationships of depression, social support, and socio-demographic factors on health behaviors of mothers with preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In addition, the study also assessed the moderation effect of social support on the relationship between depression and health behaviors. Eighty-nine mothers with hospitalized infants in the central Richmond area participated in the study. Analyses found that mother’s education level and her marital status to be significantly associated with her health behaviors. Mothers with a higher level of education and those who were married, were less likely to smoke and more …
The Effect Of Exogenous Fructose On Creeping Bentgrass Heat Tolerance, William Brett Long
The Effect Of Exogenous Fructose On Creeping Bentgrass Heat Tolerance, William Brett Long
Theses and Dissertations
Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) used on golf course putting greens are some of the most intensively managed areas of turf and are subjected to high stress. Heat stress results in lowered photosynthetic efficiency and inadequate sugar production. An exogenous application of fructose could compensate for the lack of sugar being produced. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of exogenous applications of fructose on heat stressed creeping bentgrass. Field results showed some phytotoxicity with high rates of fructose, while lower rates showed no visible damage compared to an untreated control. Low rates of surfactant resulted in little …
The Physiological Effects Of Fasting And Feed Withdrawal Practices On Commercial Broilers, Karen Dianne Christensen
The Physiological Effects Of Fasting And Feed Withdrawal Practices On Commercial Broilers, Karen Dianne Christensen
Theses and Dissertations
Commercial broiler chickens are withdrawn from feed prior to harvesting, transport and processing. This feed withdrawal period does not reduce carcass yield but is significant in reducing the potential for carcass contamination from undigested feed or fecal material that may remain in the digestive tract if feed is not withdrawn. However, withdrawing feed can result in an increase in bacterial contamination due to the decrease in physiological pH during fasting. Recently, consumers are more interested in how food animals are raised, prepared for, and processed. In response to these concerns, the feasibility of developing a “feed withdrawal” feed that could …
Screening Of New Commercial And Experimental Gossypium Hirsutum Cultivars For Tolerance To The Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus Reniformis), Julie Anna Blessitt
Screening Of New Commercial And Experimental Gossypium Hirsutum Cultivars For Tolerance To The Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus Reniformis), Julie Anna Blessitt
Theses and Dissertations
The reniform nematode is a major pest affecting common upland cotton in the United States. Management of this pest in cotton fields only gives partial control and is sometimes neither economical nor profitable. Past research has shown no resistance to the reniform nematode in currently available commercial cotton cultivars. Screenings of several currently available cotton cultivars for tolerance to the reniform nematode were conducted in the growing seasons of 2006 and 2007 at the Delta Branch Experiment Station in Stoneville MS. Several cultivars were identified as tolerant and productive including ‘Croplan Genetics 3520 B2RF,’ ‘DynaGrow 2520 B2RF,’ and ‘Stoneville 5242 …
Performance Of Neonatal Holstein Heifers Fed Yeast Derivatives In Milk Replacer, Jessica Martin Graves
Performance Of Neonatal Holstein Heifers Fed Yeast Derivatives In Milk Replacer, Jessica Martin Graves
Theses and Dissertations
Objectives of the present study were to evaluate neonatal Holstein heifer performance while supplemented with coccidiostat (CX), yeast (YST), β-glucan or some combination of these products in non-medicated milk replacer. Efficacy of these products on E. coli and coccidia shedding was also observed. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed among treatment groups with respect to performance data collected which included growth, feed intake and efficiency, fecal and respiratory and blood parameters. Heifers fed YST or YST + β-glucan had higher (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively) fecal E. coli concentrations compared to heifers fed CX, CX + YST, or β-glucan. No heifers showed clinical signs of coccidiosis and appeared to be healthy. These results suggest neonatal heifers may be supplemented with yeast derivatives without negative effects on growth or health performance.
Poplar Interactions With Zinc For Use In Bioremediation And Monitoring, Joshua Pope Adams
Poplar Interactions With Zinc For Use In Bioremediation And Monitoring, Joshua Pope Adams
Theses and Dissertations
Plant mechanisms regulating environmental heavy metal interactions are vital for plant survival. Plants must maintain adequate metal levels while preventing excesses. Several mechanisms involved in heavy metal uptake and sequestration have been identified and studied in hyperaccumulating plants such as Thlaspi caerulescens. These plants accumulate large quantities of metals, but their use in remediation is limited by their small size. On the other hand, mechanisms in high-biomass, non-hyperaccumulating perennial species such as poplar (Populus spp.) are unknown. The central goal of this project is to delineate specific mechanisms in poplar regulating the heavy metal zinc (Zn) for potential use in …
Winter Food And Waterfowl Dynamics In Managed Moist-Soil Wetlands In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Heath Michael Hagy
Winter Food And Waterfowl Dynamics In Managed Moist-Soil Wetlands In The Mississippi Alluvial Valley, Heath Michael Hagy
Theses and Dissertations
Moist-soil wetlands that are seasonally flooded provide important habitats for waterfowl in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). These wetlands often contain tall and dense vegetation that may constrain waterfowl use before natural openings form. During winters 2006–2009, I estimated abundances of waterbirds, seeds and tubers, and invertebrates in response to autumn, prelooding treatments of light disking, mowing, and no manipulation (control) of vegetation in 26 moist-soil wetlands in the MAV. Seeds and tubers were most abundant in control and mowed plots in late autumn. Decomposition was least and invertebrate abundance was greatest in control plots during winter. Dabbling ducks were …
Comparing Detection Methods Of Aflatoxin And Exploring Aflatoxin Decontamination Methods, Rebecca Burgett Singleterry
Comparing Detection Methods Of Aflatoxin And Exploring Aflatoxin Decontamination Methods, Rebecca Burgett Singleterry
Theses and Dissertations
Ethanol fermentation of highly concentrated aflatoxin-contaminated corn (Zea mays) was conducted on a lab scale to determine if aflatoxin concentrated in the distilled ethanol and/or dry distillers grain end-products. Alliquots of fermented mash, distilled ethanol, stillage, and dry distillers grain (DDG) were analyzed via LC-MS/MS and immunoassay detection methods for aflatoxin. Results indicate that aflatoxin does not greatly concentrate during fermentation in the DDGs and is undetectable in distilled ethanol. Addition of binders, MTB-100®, to aflatoxin-contaminated DDGs showed great reduction in aflatoxin concentrations when analyzed via LC-MS/MS. Also, an experiment investigating detoxification of aflatoxin using Clorox® was conducted. Results obtained …
Effect Of Cooking And Packaging Methods On Consumer Acceptability And Shelf-Life Of Ready-To-Eat Gulf Brown Shrimp, Vimal Vinodchandra Kamadia
Effect Of Cooking And Packaging Methods On Consumer Acceptability And Shelf-Life Of Ready-To-Eat Gulf Brown Shrimp, Vimal Vinodchandra Kamadia
Theses and Dissertations
Shrimp is the most valued shellfish product in the United States, and is highly perishable with post mortem metabolic changes that are deteriorative to its shelf-life. The objective of this research was to utilize GC-MS Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Gas Chromatography Olfactometry (GCO), and sensory analysis to determine if the relationships exist between consumer acceptability, sensory descriptors and shelf-life of ready-to-eat shrimp. Three different cooking and packaging treatments were utilized: 63°C/15 s, 85°C/5 min, and 93°C/5 min for vacuum, MAP and aerobic packaging treatments, and stored at 2°±1 for 1, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15, 25, and 50 days or …
Utilization Of Extracted Hardwood Flakes For Manufacturing Oriented Strand Lumber, Thomas Eric Mcconnell
Utilization Of Extracted Hardwood Flakes For Manufacturing Oriented Strand Lumber, Thomas Eric Mcconnell
Theses and Dissertations
Lignocellulosic ethanol production currently uses expensive and harsh methods to extract wood sugars from small-diameter hardwood trees that otherwise would have little or no marketability. A byproduct that adds no value to the conversion process results, thus alternative methods are needed to make this fuel source cost-effective. This dissertation proposes only partially hydrolyzing southern hardwoods, extracting some polysaccharides for ethanol fermentation while leaving behind a modified wood material which could be used as furnish for manufacturing strand-based wood composites. Three treating solutions, 1% sulfuric acid, water, and 1% sodium hydroxide, along with untreated controls, were utilized in a partial hydrolysis …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Scaffold Encapsulated With A Silver As A Potential Antimicrobial Wound Dressing, Alpana Dongargaonkar
Synthesis And Characterization Of Electrospun Gelatin/Dendrimer Scaffold Encapsulated With A Silver As A Potential Antimicrobial Wound Dressing, Alpana Dongargaonkar
Theses and Dissertations
A novel nanofiber scaffold was fabricated and characterized as a potential antimicrobial wound dressing. Half generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G3.5 was covalently conjugated to gelatin. Gelatin alone or with gelatin-dendrimer conjugates was electrospun into nanofiber scaffolds. Gelatin is a derivative of natural collagen, and it is biocompatible, non-toxic and inexpensive, making it a desirable component in a wound dressing. Dendrimers are synthetic polymers comprising of a central core, internal branches and reactive surface groups. They provide a structurally controlled architecture for drug release. Silver was incorporated into the scaffold in situ due to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial properties. The …
Maternal Depressive Symptoms And Health Outcomes In Youths With Type 1 Diabetes: A Mediational Model, Struemph Kari Morgan
Maternal Depressive Symptoms And Health Outcomes In Youths With Type 1 Diabetes: A Mediational Model, Struemph Kari Morgan
Theses and Dissertations
Objectives: The rate and impact of depressive symptoms were examined with two models based on known effects of depression on variables related to diabetes management, parental involvement and diabetes conflict. The proposed models will measure potential effects high maternal depressive symptoms may have on parental monitoring and involvement and diabetes specific conflict and how these variables may in turn relate to poor regimen adherence. Methods: Participants included 225 mothers and young adolescents (aged 11-14) with T1D. Diabetes self-care behaviors were measured with the 24 Hour Recall Interview, parental involvement and monitoring were measured with the Parent Management of Diabetes Scale, …
The Effects Of Whole Body Vibration On Strength Gains In The Bench Press, The Back Squat, And The Power Clean In Division I Football Players, Kelly S. Poppinga
The Effects Of Whole Body Vibration On Strength Gains In The Bench Press, The Back Squat, And The Power Clean In Division I Football Players, Kelly S. Poppinga
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine if whole body vibration effects strength gains in the bench press, the back squat, and the power clean in division 1 football players. Thirty-one NCAA Division 1 male football players volunteered for this study and were randomly assigned to a control group (C=16) or one of two vibration groups (V1=7, V2=8). Subjects followed the training program for eight weeks. A pre-test, mid-test, and post-test one repetition max was measured at 0, 4, and 8 weeks for the bench press, the back squat, and the power clean. A 3x3 factorial ANOVA revealed varied …
Effects Of Fatigue And Self-Reported Countermeasures Used By Regional Airline Pilots Conducting Continuous Duty Overnight, Andrew Laventure
Effects Of Fatigue And Self-Reported Countermeasures Used By Regional Airline Pilots Conducting Continuous Duty Overnight, Andrew Laventure
Theses and Dissertations
Fatigue poses a significant risk to commercial aviation. When pilots become fatigued they are more likely to make errors and in some instances those errors have been causal factors in accidents. Research not only tells us how the human body is affected by fatigue but also what can be done to temporarily reduce its negative impact on performance. However, relatively little data is available pertaining to one specific type of flight operation, the Continuous Duty Overnight (CDO). They are frequently conducted by regional airlines within the United States and typically resemble schedules for workers on a 3rd shift, otherwise known …
Diabetes Education: Supporting The Pre-Adolescent Child, Janet M. Mattson
Diabetes Education: Supporting The Pre-Adolescent Child, Janet M. Mattson
Theses and Dissertations
A diagnosis of Type I diabetes impacts every aspect of life for the pre-adolescent child. ln order to successfully manage Type J diabetes, the child must learn the complex regimen of its ca re. The responsibility for diabetes se lf-ca re begins to transfer to the child at pre-adolescence. Controlling diabetes is difficult for the pre-adolescent, however, clue to the lack of understanding the complex concepts of this disease and the unique developmental tasks associated with this age group. Diabetes educat ion must support the cogniti ve level and developmental needs of the pre-adolescent. Literature emphasizes the need for age …
Comparing Levels Of Anti-Fat Bias Between American And Mexican Athletes And Undergraduate Physical Education And Exercise Science Students, Miriam M. Wood
Comparing Levels Of Anti-Fat Bias Between American And Mexican Athletes And Undergraduate Physical Education And Exercise Science Students, Miriam M. Wood
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The present study aimed to replicate and extend Chambliss et al., (2004) research by measuring and comparing the ratings of anti-fat bias between American and Mexican athletes and undergraduate physical education and exercise science students. Second, the study aimed to investigate a possible socially desirable response threat to the validity of the explicit anti-fat bias measure. Method: Undergraduate (n = 63) student in the US (M = 20.85 yr), undergraduate (n = 40) students in Mexico (M= 27.23 yr) and Mexican athletes (n =15) filled out four self-reported questionnaires to investigate their levels of anti-fat bias. The questionnaires included …
Phytoremediation Of Copper Contaminated Waste Water Using Lemna Minor, Mark Apelt
Phytoremediation Of Copper Contaminated Waste Water Using Lemna Minor, Mark Apelt
Theses and Dissertations
The use of natural remediation methods to remove contaminants from waste water is becoming more popular. Plants have been used for several decades, yet their use for municipal waste water contaminated by heavy metals is limited to a few studies which focus on the Mercury and Chromium (Bennicelli, et.al, 2004). This study specifically attempted to determine the viability for using Lemna minor to remediate municipally generated wastewater contaminated with copper. The study used 100 ml samples of wastewater, artificially spiked with 8 mg/L of copper sulfate and seeded with approximately 100 Lemna minor fronds. Each treatment was repeated 15 times …
Garden Grove, Iowa: From Mormon Way Station To Permanent Settlement, 1846-1852, Jill N. Crandell
Garden Grove, Iowa: From Mormon Way Station To Permanent Settlement, 1846-1852, Jill N. Crandell
Theses and Dissertations
When the Mormon people began evacuating Nauvoo, Illinois, in February 1846, they intended to leave the United States and build a home for themselves in the West, where they could practice their religion without persecution. However, as Brigham Young led thousands through severe rain and mud that spring, he soon decided that too many of the Saints were unprepared for the long journey to the mountains. Mormons built way stations across Iowa, places where they planted crops, raised log cabins, and obtained the necessary food and supplies. After the Saints moved on to Utah in following years, many of these …
Conditions Associated With Clostridium Sporogenes Growth As A Surrogate For Clostridium Botulinum In Non-Thermally Processed Canned Butter, Reed H. Taylor
Conditions Associated With Clostridium Sporogenes Growth As A Surrogate For Clostridium Botulinum In Non-Thermally Processed Canned Butter, Reed H. Taylor
Theses and Dissertations
Shelf-stable canned butter is currently available in retail stores, and many home-preservationists promote home-canning of butter. Non-cultured butter is a low-acid canned food, which would presumably require thermal processing. The lack of a thermal process step in canned butter products raises questions of potential safety, because they are hermetically sealed and generally exhibit anaerobic growth conditions, which are optimal for Clostridium botulinum growth. Without thermal processing, low-acid canned foods (LACF) must have inhibitory factors present to prevent C. botulinum growth. Some potential intrinsic inhibitory factors, or "hurdles", within butter include: reduced water activity (aw), acidity (pH) in cultured products, elevated …
The Decision Making Process Of Informal Caregivers Of Dementia Family Members Regarding Nursing Home Placement, Rebecca Merritt
The Decision Making Process Of Informal Caregivers Of Dementia Family Members Regarding Nursing Home Placement, Rebecca Merritt
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to understand the decision making process of caregivers placing their elderly family members in a nursing home facility. Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) was used, as well as the Critical Incident Technique (CIT). ELT was utilized in an effort to understand the learning that took place during the caregiving experiences, and CIT was used to better understand the critical incidents that led the caregivers to seek nursing home placement. A sample of twelve former informal dementia caregivers between the ages of fifty-seven and eighty-seven was drawn from the metropolitan Richmond, Virginia area. In-depth interviews were …
Antimicrobial And Anticancer Activity Of Essential Oils From Guatemalan Medicinal Plants, Andrew B. Miller
Antimicrobial And Anticancer Activity Of Essential Oils From Guatemalan Medicinal Plants, Andrew B. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Guatemalan medicinal plants were collected and screened for the presence of essential oils using steam distillation. Oil was found in 63 species from 24 families and was tested in tube dilution assays for activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans. Several essential oils were highly active with 20 instances of oils inhibiting the microbes at an MIC of 0.31 µl/ml. Oils were also tested against cancerous and established cell lines using a 15% (v/v) agar-media which was developed to improve essential oil solubility. Assays were performed against three cancer lines: …
Fortifying Leisure: A Qualitative Investigation Of Family Leisure In Uganda, Rachel Adams Mcgovern
Fortifying Leisure: A Qualitative Investigation Of Family Leisure In Uganda, Rachel Adams Mcgovern
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine leisure patterns and meanings of leisure among families in the developing East African nation of Uganda, in response to recent calls for more non-Western leisure studies (Chick, 1998; Iwasaki, Nishino, Onda & Bowling, 2007). The three focus questions answered in this study were: (a) what do Ugandans from the Mukono District think leisure is? (b) how is family leisure, in their terms, happening? and (c) in what ways do they think family leisure is important? This study utilized a grounded theory methodology (Glaser & Strauss, 1978) with qualitative data analysis methods. Sixty-eight …
Characterization Of The Lkb1-Mo25-Strad Ampkk Complex In Adult Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Cody Don Smith
Characterization Of The Lkb1-Mo25-Strad Ampkk Complex In Adult Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Cody Don Smith
Theses and Dissertations
In liver tissue, the AMP-activated protein kinase kinase (AMPKK) complex was identified as the association of LKB1, MO25α/β, and STRADα/β proteins; however, this complex has yet to be characterized in skeletal muscle. In this report, we demonstrate the expression of the LKB1-MO25-STRAD AMPKK complex in adult skeletal muscle, confirm the absence of mRNA splice variants, and report the relative mRNA expression levels of these complex-forming proteins. To facilitate this characterization we used control (ctrl) and muscle-specific LKB1 knockout (LKB1-/-) mice. LKB1 detection in untreated ctrl and LKB1-/- muscle lysates revealed two protein bands at approximately 50 and 60 kDa; although, …
Accelerated Shelf Life Determination Of Antioxidant Stabilized High Oleic Sunflower And Canola Oils In Plastic Bottles, Christine Nicole Shearer
Accelerated Shelf Life Determination Of Antioxidant Stabilized High Oleic Sunflower And Canola Oils In Plastic Bottles, Christine Nicole Shearer
Theses and Dissertations
Vegetable oil is an important commodity; however, the majority of commercially available vegetable oils have a fairly short shelf life, which limits their usefulness for long term food storage, disaster relief, space travel, food aid programs, and military rations. Vegetable oils with high oleic acid and reduced linolenic acid contents, especially with added antioxidant combinations, were previously found to have significantly longer oil stability index (OSI) values than traditional vegetable oils. This study used accelerated shelf life testing to estimate the ambient shelf life of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSUN) and high oleic canola oil (HOCAN), each containing 1,000 ppm …
Systematic Analysis Of Nutritional Components, Cell Wall Chemical Features And Potential Pathway(S) Of Assimilate Transport In The Developing Pods And Seeds Of Medicago Truncatula, Alka Sharma
Theses and Dissertations
Medicago truncatula is a model species for legume studies. Despite the great advances in the study of M. truncatula and development of a vast array of genetic tools and genomic resources, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the nutrient movement and accumulation in its pods and seeds. This study used a combination of the microscopic analysis, histochemical localization and the fluorescent tracers to identify the cellular course and location of nutrient movement. Temporal histochemical localization revealed that the longer duration of the accumulation of protein bodies and lipid droplets combined with the high hexoses concentration in seed apoplasm might …
Effect Of College Health Course Enrollment On Interest, Knowledge And Behavior, Britney Finley
Effect Of College Health Course Enrollment On Interest, Knowledge And Behavior, Britney Finley
Theses and Dissertations
Health of college students is a national public health concern, however general health courses which cover topics of concern such as responsible sexual behaviors, alcoholism, drug abuse, tobacco use, nutrition, weight management, cardiovascular health, and mental health issues are rarely a required course for college students. University health education faculty, health educators who teach students the appropriate practices of health education, must do what they are trained to do: teach college students healthy lifestyle behaviors and effective ways of changing negative behaviors. This quasi-experimental study investigates the extent to which the undergraduate general health courses are impacting the perceived knowledge, …
Improving Information Products For System 2 Decision Support, Neal Gibson
Improving Information Products For System 2 Decision Support, Neal Gibson
Theses and Dissertations
The creation, maintenance, and management of Information Product (IP) systems that are used by organizations for complex decisions represent a unique set of challenges. These challenges are compounded when the purpose of such a systems is also for knowledge creation and dissemination. Information quality research to date has focused mainly upon treating IP independent from the actual users, despite the obvious interdependency between the two. Research in cognitive psychology has established a dual-process model for human cognition. Designing IP systems in recognition of these differing methods of human cognition represents a new approach to improving their quality. Education data and …
The Predictive Relationship Between Temperament, School Adjustment, And Academic Achievement: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study Of Children At-Risk, Maha Al-Hendawi
The Predictive Relationship Between Temperament, School Adjustment, And Academic Achievement: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study Of Children At-Risk, Maha Al-Hendawi
Theses and Dissertations
Individual differences in temperament can be a risk or a protective factor for a child, especially for children at-risk who possess single or multiple risk factors that may interfere with their educational success and affect their healthy development and their life-long outcomes. This research study examined the concurrent and longitudinal relationships between temperament, school adjustment, and academic achievement in children at-risk. Seventy-seven children, ages five to 11 years, were reassessed two years after an initial study. Their teachers completed the Temperament Assessment Battery for Children (TABC), the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), and reported on the children's academic achievement. …