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Articles 3181 - 3210 of 5148
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Blanching Optimization And The Effect Of Blanching On Functional Components Of Yacon (Smallanthus Sonchifoulius) Root Slices, Yu-Ting Chen
Blanching Optimization And The Effect Of Blanching On Functional Components Of Yacon (Smallanthus Sonchifoulius) Root Slices, Yu-Ting Chen
Theses and Dissertations
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) root products are susceptible to oxidation, reduced quality and functional properties. The optimum water blanching process for yacon root slices was determined through a central composite design with variable temperature (80-100 degrees Celsius), blanching time (2-6 min), and citric acid concentration (0.04-0.20%). Phenolics and fructooligosaccharides of yacon slices were also evaluated after blanching. Yacon slices (3-4 mm) blanched at 90 degrees Celsius, 3.9 to 4.1min, and 0.05% to 0.07% citric acid showed the lowest polyphenol oxidase activity, highest whiteness value, and the highest sensory appearance scores. A second experiment showed that blanching at 100 degrees Celsius with …
Antioxidative And Antimicrobial Activity Of Casein Hydrolyzate In Cheddar Whey-Based Edible Coatings, Yin Zhang
Antioxidative And Antimicrobial Activity Of Casein Hydrolyzate In Cheddar Whey-Based Edible Coatings, Yin Zhang
Theses and Dissertations
Hydrolysis of casein using chymotrypsin results in the formation of polypeptides (CH) with a hydrophobic aromatic amino acid on one end of the chain because the enzyme selectively cleaves the adjacent peptide-bond. Due to resonance of the aromatic micro-domain, thiols become redox-sensitive and actively participate in electron transfer. These types of amphipathic peptides also tend to be membrane-lytic. The two prong approach of this investigation was to, (1) assess antibacterial effect of the CH in beef steak, and (2), to determine its antioxidative efficacy as a constituent of Cheddar whey based edible coating mix. The edible coating prevented coliform growth …
Validation Study Of A Novel Detection Kit For Rapid Detection And Quantification Of Listeria Spp. In Food Samples, Mengying Jiang
Validation Study Of A Novel Detection Kit For Rapid Detection And Quantification Of Listeria Spp. In Food Samples, Mengying Jiang
Theses and Dissertations
A single tube detection kit was designed as a rapid, easy-to use and reliable test to detect Listeria spp.. Various food samples (vegetables and raw catfish fillets) were used in order to validate the performance of the detection kit. L. grayi was detected in one ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables with the detection kit while no Listeria spp. was detected using the modified FDA-BAM method. In addition, both the detection kit and modified FDA-BAM method indicated that twelve catfish fillets were Listeria positive. The detection kit had 100% sensitivity and specificity in less detection time (24 h) than the modified FDA-BAM method …
Influence Of Temperature On Acid-Stress Adaptation In Listeria Monocytogenes, Qian Shen
Influence Of Temperature On Acid-Stress Adaptation In Listeria Monocytogenes, Qian Shen
Theses and Dissertations
Acid-stress adaptation in Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) serotype 4b and 1/2a occurred when cells were pre-exposed to pH 5.0 tryptic soy broth supplemented with yeast extract (TSB-YE) at 22°C or 37°C but not at 4°C. Prolonged time, varied sublethal acid pH, substitute of acidulants and addition of sodium chloride during 4°C mild acid pre-exposure still did not induce acid-stress adaptation in Lm. This finding was also validated using an acidic cheese, similar to what has seen for Gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Salmonella. Further investigation revealed that major cold shock protein in Lm CspL was not responsible for repressed acid-stress adaptation …
Influence Of Temperature On The Induction Of Alkali-Stress Adaptation And Its Stability In Listeria Monocytogenes Serotypes 1/2a And 4b, Pooja Pandare
Influence Of Temperature On The Induction Of Alkali-Stress Adaptation And Its Stability In Listeria Monocytogenes Serotypes 1/2a And 4b, Pooja Pandare
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of temperature on inducing an alkaline-tolerance response in L. monocytogenes (Lm) serotypes 1/2a and 4b. When Lm cells were pre-exposed to a sublethal alkali pH of 9.0 at different temperatures, two main patterns were observed: (1) Alkali-stress adaptation was readily induced in Lm when cells were pre-exposed to a sublethal alkali pH of 9.0 for 5-15 min at 37°C or 22°C; and (2) Alkali-stress adaptation was not induced in Lm when cells were pre-exposed to a sublethal alkali pH of 9.0 for 1 h at 4°C. However, exposure of Lm …
Osteopontin Expression During The Acute Immune Response Mediates Reactive Synaptogenesis And Adaptive Outcome, Julie Chan
Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide epidemic as the number of victims living with the resulting cognitive and physical impairment continues to rise, principally due to limited treatment options which fail to address its multifaceted sequelae. By approaching TBI therapy from a molecular standpoint, we have the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms which prevent effective recovery. With this information, we can move toward the identification of novel therapeutic treatments which target specific molecules to improve patient outcome following TBI. Here, we have focused on the therapeutic potential of osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein …
Confocal Microscopy Study Of The Embryonic Development Of The Viviparous Nemertean Prosorhochmus Americanus Reveals Larval Features Supporting Indirect Development In Hoplonemerteans, S Tyler Spindle
Theses and Dissertations
Recent studies of hoplonenemertean planuliform larvae have clarified their development and provided insight into larval evolution within the phylum. However, an assessment of viviparous development using modern techniques is lacking. To help facilitate a comprehensive comparative evaluation of developmental diversity within hoplonemerteans, we have conducted a confocal laser scanning microscopy investigation of the development in Prosorhochmus americanus, one of the few viviparous hoplonemertean species. Phalloidin staining provides evidence of a modified transitory larval epidermis, and reveals that the foregut, midgut, proboscis, central nervous system, and body wall musculature form early in development, consistent with observations for planktonic and encapsulated hoplonemertean …
Relating Children In Foster Care To School Bullying, Regina Lyons
Relating Children In Foster Care To School Bullying, Regina Lyons
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to research the correlation, if any, that children in foster care have with bullying. The researcher gathered descriptive information by attending foster parent support group meetings in New Jersey. Resource parents reported on behalf of the foster child in their care at that time. Participants were asked to report information within the current school year. Data showed that children in foster care were involved in bullying primarily in the school setting. Implication for and the importance of further research within this field were discussed.
Parental Involvement: A Study Of Parents' And Teachers' Experiences And Perceptions In An Urban Charter Elementary School, Jacqueline Flemmings
Parental Involvement: A Study Of Parents' And Teachers' Experiences And Perceptions In An Urban Charter Elementary School, Jacqueline Flemmings
Theses and Dissertations
Parental involvement in children's education remains low, despite evidence that families have a huge influence on children's achievement. Major researchers in the field (Allen, 2009; Comer, 1988; Epstein, 1985; Lawrence-Lightfoot, 2003; Mapp, 1997) have identified many factors that may create barriers to family involvement. These factors include cultural, racial, and economic differences between the staff and families, parents' apprehension when confronting experts, work schedules, inadequate childcare, lack of transportation, and lastly, lack of effective communication. Fullan (1993) claims teacher education is not only the problem but also the solution. Through interviews and conversations this study examines the experiences and perceptions …
Validation Of Copy Number Variants Associated With Schizophrenia Risk In An Irish Population And Implications To Clinical Practice, Rachel L. Elves
Validation Of Copy Number Variants Associated With Schizophrenia Risk In An Irish Population And Implications To Clinical Practice, Rachel L. Elves
Theses and Dissertations
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder affecting 1% of the population and is highly heritable, but the majority of contributing genetic factors has remained elusive. Current risk estimates for clinical practice are primarily determined by family history and associated empirical risk. Copy number variants (CNVs) may hold the key to explaining the missing heritability in schizophrenia research; schizophrenia risk estimates as high as 30% have been found for the most-studied CNV associated with schizophrenia, 22q11. Currently, there are methods to identify CNVs though previously collected data from SNP microarrays that would facilitate these types of studies. To determine if algorithms that …
Screening For Emotional And Behavioral Problems In High Schools, Nichole Marie Soelberg
Screening For Emotional And Behavioral Problems In High Schools, Nichole Marie Soelberg
Theses and Dissertations
Screening for emotional and behavioral problems in youth is a well-validated process for elementary-aged children as notable and respected research has provided evidence that children at risk for behavioral and emotional problems can be identified and provided with targeted interventions, which prevent additional problems (Lane, Wehby, & Barton-Arwood, 2005). However, there is a lack of research offering evidence for a behavioral and emotional screening process for high school students. Identifying at-risk youth is a vital component in providing early-intervention services that can remediate problems before they become severe and require resource intensive interventions. This research contributes to the development of …
Analysis Of Synephrine Content In Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium L.) Dietary Supplements, Martha L. Newell
Analysis Of Synephrine Content In Bitter Orange (Citrus Aurantium L.) Dietary Supplements, Martha L. Newell
Theses and Dissertations
Many Americans are either currently taking, or have recently taken, non-prescription dietary supplements. These supplements claim to help prevent or relieve any number of ailments, but are not regulated by any governing body. One common use of dietary supplements is to aid in weight loss. Synephrine, the most abundant active component in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) extracts, became a regular ingredient in weight loss supplements after the 2004 ephedra ban. The initial goal of this research was to use reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the synephrine content of five dietary supplements and compare …
Inverted Sequence Identification In Diploid Genomic Scaffold Assembly Via Weighted Max-Cut Reduction, Paul Mark Bodily
Inverted Sequence Identification In Diploid Genomic Scaffold Assembly Via Weighted Max-Cut Reduction, Paul Mark Bodily
Theses and Dissertations
Virtually all genome assemblers to date are designed for use with data from haploid or homozygous diploid genomes. Their use on heterozygous genomic datasets generally results in highly-fragmented, error-prone assemblies, owing to the violation of assumptions during both the contigging and scaffolding phases. Of the two phases, scaffolding is more particularly impacted and algorithms to facilitate the scaffolding of heterozygous data are lacking. We present a stand-alone scaffolding algorithm, ScaffoldScaffolder, designed specifically for scaffolding diploid genomes. A fundamental step in the scaffolding phase is the assignment of sequence orientations to contigs within scaffolds. Deciding such an assignment in the presence …
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Effectiveness Of Visual Aids On Preventive Dental Goals, Kristin Hodgson
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: To assess a caregiver’s oral health attitudes, habits, and behaviors pre and post intervention, and to determine whether a particular delivery-style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation) of a motivational interviewing session is more effective in improving oral health behaviors as well as improving success of a chosen preventive goal. Methods: N=140 caregivers of pediatric dental patients were given questionnaires to assess readiness to change and current preventive oral health behaviors. Oral health education was communicated in a MI style (verbal-only or with visual supplementation). One preventive oral health goal was selected to focus on. The home preventive behavior survey …
Exploration Of The Low-Molecular Weight Proteome Of Tissue And Serum, With Applications To Disease Biomarker Discovery, Meihwa Tanielle Alvarez
Exploration Of The Low-Molecular Weight Proteome Of Tissue And Serum, With Applications To Disease Biomarker Discovery, Meihwa Tanielle Alvarez
Theses and Dissertations
The low-molecular weight proteome is of great interest due to the vast number of smaller proteins and peptides present within it, some of which are likely to be disease-related and may provide insights into disease mechanisms or even prediction and diagnosis. Serum is often the most preferred specimen for disease prediction or diagnosis, as it can be obtained less-invasively and its collection is fairly routine in a clinical setting. Although serum samples are one of the most preferred specimens for disease studies, additional disease information may also be obtained using other specimens, such as tissue. The study of tissue specimens …
Modelling Infertility With Markov Chains, Rebecca Dorff
Modelling Infertility With Markov Chains, Rebecca Dorff
Theses and Dissertations
Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples. Testing and interventions are costly, in time, money, and emotional energy. This paper will discuss using Markov decision and multi-armed bandit processes to identify a systematic approach of interventions that will lead to the desired baby while minimizing costs.
Client Experiencing In Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Eating Disorders, James William Vandyke
Client Experiencing In Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Eating Disorders, James William Vandyke
Theses and Dissertations
Depth of client experiencing has been associated with positive therapeutic outcomes across theoretical orientations. Experiencing describes a particular mode of cognitive-affective processing in which clients use internal felt experience as the basis for self-examination and the resolution of personally significant issues. Given evidence that eating disorders are associated with particular disruptions of cognitive-affective processing, it is likely that experiencing plays a role in the successful treatment of eating pathology. However, no study to date has examined the relationship between experiencing and outcome in eating disorder treatment. The purposes of the current study were to examine depth of client experiencing during …
Effect Of Enrichment-Bleaching And Low Oxygen Atmosphere Storage On All-Purpose Wheat Flour Quality, Jonathan Myers Swindler
Effect Of Enrichment-Bleaching And Low Oxygen Atmosphere Storage On All-Purpose Wheat Flour Quality, Jonathan Myers Swindler
Theses and Dissertations
All-purpose wheat flour is a useful long-term storage commodity, but is subject to off-odor formation. Although flour stored in a low oxygen atmosphere should inhibit rancid odor formation, it elicits consumer complaints about odor. The purpose of this study was to examine off-odor development in all-purpose wheat flour during ambient and elevated storage by determining the effect of low oxygen atmosphere and enrichment-bleaching on quality as measured by, free fatty acids (FFA), flour descriptive sensory analysis, conjugated dienes, headspace volatiles, bread consumer sensory analysis, color, loaf volume, and vitamin analysis. Enriched, bleached (EB) and unenriched, unbleached (UU) flour was stored …
Evaluating A Social And Emotional Learning Curriculum, Strong Kids, Implemented School-Wide, Thomas Jonathan Kramer
Evaluating A Social And Emotional Learning Curriculum, Strong Kids, Implemented School-Wide, Thomas Jonathan Kramer
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this study was to explore whether Strong Kids could result in improved social and emotional competence when implemented as a school-wide universal intervention. No prior studies have examined this question. This study also evaluated whether teachers could implement Strong Kids as it was designed and whether they viewed it as socially valid. It used a non-equivalent control group design. The treatment school in the study involved 348 students and 17 teachers from a Title I school. School demographics indicated that 61% of students were Hispanic, 37% White, and 2% of other ethnicities. Approximately 82% of the students …
Identification And Differentiation Of Tier 1 Bacterial Agents Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Dan Li
Theses and Dissertations
A simple method was developed for detection and differentiation of five Tier 1 bacterial agents, including Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei as well as their closely related near neighbors by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Generally, different classes of compounds can be used as biomarkers for biowarfare agent detection, including nucleic acids (i.e., DNA or RNA), proteins (i.e., antibodies), carbohydrates (i.e., sugars), lipopolysaccharides, lipids (i.e., fatty acids) and small molecules. One-step thermochemolysis (TCM) was developed to provide GC-MS detectable biomarker signatures, including sugars, fatty acids and small molecules. Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) was used for …
Bacterial Spores Remain Viable After Electrospray Charging And Desolvation, Sara Nielson Pratt
Bacterial Spores Remain Viable After Electrospray Charging And Desolvation, Sara Nielson Pratt
Theses and Dissertations
The electrospray survivability of B. subtilis spores and E. coli was tested in atmospheric mobility experiments. E. coli did not survive electrospray charging and desolvation, but B. subtilis did. Experimental conditions ensured that any surviving bacteria were charged, desolvated, and de-agglomerated. B. subtilis was also found to survive both positive and negative electrospray and subsequent introduction into vacuum conditions. Attempts were made to measure the charge distribution of viable B. subtilis spores using electrostatic deflection. From those experiments, it was found that either the spores do not become highly charged under the electrospray conditions used or only spores in a …
Parental Factors Affecting Schools Drop-Outs In Egypt, Margaret Varoujan
Parental Factors Affecting Schools Drop-Outs In Egypt, Margaret Varoujan
Theses and Dissertations
The aim of this study is to shed light on the parental factors that affect children’s education in Egypt in terms of access and completion of the basic education level. Schooling increases at first as children enroll, but then it declines as some children start to drop-out after a few years. Dropping-out of school and the existence of child labor are consequences of poverty. Parental education has been found to be a major factor behind the children’s schooling and child labor decision. Low returns to education impose a further challenge to the household decision on schooling. Education in Egypt had …
Improving The Quality Of Public Health Services In Lower Income Areas In Cairo, Egypt: A Comparative Study Between The Accredited And Non-Accredited Primary Health Care Clinics In Cairo, Amira Moukhtar Abdel Latif
Improving The Quality Of Public Health Services In Lower Income Areas In Cairo, Egypt: A Comparative Study Between The Accredited And Non-Accredited Primary Health Care Clinics In Cairo, Amira Moukhtar Abdel Latif
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis deals with the quality of public health services in the primary health care clinics in lower income areas in Cairo. There are multiple factors affecting such quality, including the motivation of the workforce, the infrastructure and equipment of the facility, and the modes of finance and management. The research examines whether the accreditation of health clinics by the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population affects these factors and hence improves the quality of the service provided. To do this, the research is based on a comparative study between accredited and non-accredited health care facilities; where accreditation is granted …
Sustainable Development And Environmental Policy In Egypt, Meaghan Mckenna
Sustainable Development And Environmental Policy In Egypt, Meaghan Mckenna
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis discusses the international law concept of sustainable development. It then assesses the effectiveness of Egyptian policies, laws and regulations with regard to sustainable development and culminates with recommendations on how to move towards more sustainable water management, which is one of the most urgent aspects of sustainable development that needs to be improved. Egypt is confronting an increasing problem of water scarcity. It is a developing economy with high population growth. The effects of climate change are predicted to be particularly severe in North African states, with a decrease in rainfall and increasing desertification and drought. Additionally, in …
Empowerment Through Education: The Case Of Adult African Refugees, Valentina Hiegemann
Empowerment Through Education: The Case Of Adult African Refugees, Valentina Hiegemann
Theses and Dissertations
While much of the existing information on the education of African refugees in Egypt has focused on children, this study reveals critical issues regarding the education of adults. This thesis has three major purposes. It aims to explore the different educational opportunities available for adult African refugees in Cairo. It seeks to examine the challenges that affect their education. It also analyzes the role of education in the empowerment of adult African refugees who either seek to integrate locally, return to their home country, or get resettled to another state. Research for this study was conducted over a period of …
Water Consumption In The Middle East And North Africa (Mena) Region: A Virtual Water Approach, Matthew Timmerman
Water Consumption In The Middle East And North Africa (Mena) Region: A Virtual Water Approach, Matthew Timmerman
Theses and Dissertations
As the population of the MENA region rises, virtual water import is increasing, evident by striking food import figures in many of the region's countries. This is not a new development, it has long been the case that MENA countries have used the import of high water content agricultural commodities as a mechanism for covering domestic food consumption via external water. This said, as climate induced global water scarcity and population driven global water demand increase simultaneously, the MENA region's practice of importing water via agricultural commodities should gain increasing attention. The research herein quantitatively assesses MENA nations' virtual water …
Representations Of Privileged Motherhood In Nineteenth-Century Literature: A Comparative Analysis Of Leo Tolstoy’S Anna Karenina And Kate Chopin’S The Awakening, Dina Alhassani
Theses and Dissertations
The heroines of Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and Chopin’s The Awakening enjoy the autonomy of privileged motherhood in the nineteenth century. This role allows them the opportunities to forge their identities independent of most of the societal expectations which defined nineteenth-century feminine gender roles. The spinster enjoyed independence and yet had limited social interactions due to her perceived lack of femininity. By contrast, most mothers from lower and middle class backgrounds had fulfilled the idealized maternal role at the expense of independence and self-determination. In the context of nineteenth-century gender roles, the privileged mother enjoys the combined best aspects of spinsterhood …
Full Export, Thomas Simon
Full Export, Thomas Simon
Theses and Dissertations
The presentation of a variety of research pertaining to the graduate work of Thomas Jefferson Simon and his thesis show "Full Export".
Creation Of A Computational Simulation Of Maternal Trauma In Motor Vehicle Accident, Benjamin C. Weed
Creation Of A Computational Simulation Of Maternal Trauma In Motor Vehicle Accident, Benjamin C. Weed
Theses and Dissertations
Maternal trauma is the leading non-obstetric cause of maternal and fetal death. Because the anatomy of a pregnancy is distinct, and highly transient, the pregnant woman and her fetus are both susceptible to injuries which are not seen in the typical trauma patient. The pregnant uterus, the placenta, and the fetus are all relatively poorly supported, as compared with non-transient abdominal or thoracic organs, which can lead to injuries such as uterine rupture, placental abruption, and fetal trauma or death. The leading cause of maternal trauma is automotive collision, and other common causes include violence, falls, and other accidents. Automotive …
Evaluation Of Nitrification And Methods To Minimize Denitrification Loss For Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On Mississippi Alluvial Plain Soils, Paxton Wayne Fitts
Evaluation Of Nitrification And Methods To Minimize Denitrification Loss For Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) On Mississippi Alluvial Plain Soils, Paxton Wayne Fitts
Theses and Dissertations
Minimal studies have evaluated nitrification and subsequent denitrification for soils where rice is produced in the delayedlood system. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted at USDA-ARS and the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS to quantify the nitrification potential of southern USA soils, and evaluate nitrogen amendments aimed to reduce nitrification rates on clay soils. The Sharkey clay soil at Stoneville, MS was one of the soils with the greatest nitrification potential. Dicyandiamide (DCD) increased the number of days that half the total recovered inorganic–N was in the ammonium–N form (half-life) by approximately 3old and 18% when compared …