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Femicide In Mexico: From Malinche To Modern Women, Kindall Brooke Scarborough
Femicide In Mexico: From Malinche To Modern Women, Kindall Brooke Scarborough
Theses and Dissertations
Olga Perez was a typical 20-year-old Mexican girl (Valdez 7). Coming from a poor family, she worked at a local shoe store in Juarez to raise money for college (Valdez 7). Wanting to see her daughter attain her dream of receiving higher education, Olga's mother. Irma. also worked several jobs, including selling hamburgers and hotdogs in front of her house, selling used clothing, and serving as a part-time housekeeper (Valdez 7-8). One evening Olga did not return home after a meeting (Valdez 7). It can be assumed that Irma. being Olga's mother, experienced a wide variety of emotions, including sadness, …
Remote Sensing Data Integration Into Ecological Niche Modeling For Two North American Bombus Species, Elliott C. Smith
Remote Sensing Data Integration Into Ecological Niche Modeling For Two North American Bombus Species, Elliott C. Smith
Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Novel Source Of Influenza A Vaccine Production And West Nile Virus Therapeutics Antibodies, Sarah Rae Konschak
Novel Source Of Influenza A Vaccine Production And West Nile Virus Therapeutics Antibodies, Sarah Rae Konschak
Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
Identification And Characterization Of Prevotella Intermedia 17 Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands, Jamie Feng-Hsia Yuan
Identification And Characterization Of Prevotella Intermedia 17 Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands, Jamie Feng-Hsia Yuan
Theses and Dissertations
Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent human diseases affecting millions of individuals. Bacteria are the trigger of the host response that then results in initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The interactions between the host and the bacteria, although very complex and intricate, are not well understood. Species of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria implicated in the development of periodontal disease include Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. The goal of our study was to identify P. intermedia surface proteins interacting with TLR2 receptor. Using Cy5-labeled surface proteins we identified multiple proteins using our capture assay. The interaction of three …
Lipid Raft Mediated Lyn Kinase Activation Regulates Host Innate Immune Response Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lung Infection, Shibichakravarthy Kannan
Lipid Raft Mediated Lyn Kinase Activation Regulates Host Innate Immune Response Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Lung Infection, Shibichakravarthy Kannan
Theses and Dissertations
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a common opportunistic pathogen that invades the susceptible host. Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a pivotal role in defending against invading pathogens in the lungs. The effectiveness of AM in combating PA infection has not been studied in detail. The goal was to identify the key components involved in mounting an effective innate immune response using the murine lung infection as a model to understand the host - pathogen interactions. Our most important finding was the involvement of Lyn tyrosine kinase, a member of Src family tyrosine kinases, in orchestrating the host cell response to PA invasion. …
Evolution Of Picornaviruses: Impacts Of Recombination And Selection, Nicole Noel Lewis-Rogers
Evolution Of Picornaviruses: Impacts Of Recombination And Selection, Nicole Noel Lewis-Rogers
Theses and Dissertations
Picornaviruses are responsible for some of the most common and debilitating diseases affecting humans and animals worldwide. The objectives of this dissertation research were (1) estimate phylogenetic relationships among 11 picornavirus genera and within three species: foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV: Aphthovirus) which afflicts cloven-hoofed animals and human rhinovirus A and B (HRV: Enterovirus) which cause the common cold; (2) better understand the impact recombination has on genomic organization and evolution; (3) characterize where positive and purifying selection has occurred in proteins and how selection has influenced phenotype. The dissertation includes four studies. The first chapter provides an overview of the …
Interneuron Subtypes Are Differentially Altered In Malformed, Epileptogenic Cortex, Amanda George
Interneuron Subtypes Are Differentially Altered In Malformed, Epileptogenic Cortex, Amanda George
Theses and Dissertations
The propensity for seizures in patients with epilepsy is due to underlying cortical hyperexcitability, the mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Particularly difficult to treat are patients with developmental malformations of cortex. Using the freeze-lesion rat model of one such malformation, polymicrogyria, we identified, in lesioned cortex, alterations in specific interneuron subpopulations that may promote hyperexcitability. Previous studies demonstrate increased excitatory input to the paramicrogyral region. An increase in the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) recorded from pyramidal cells has also been shown. We report an increase in sEPSCs recorded from one subtype of interneuron, the low threshold-spiking …
Communication And Pandemic Preparedness In Rural Critical Access Hospitals, Stuart A. Schneider
Communication And Pandemic Preparedness In Rural Critical Access Hospitals, Stuart A. Schneider
Theses and Dissertations
Due to the increasing likelihood of a pandemic it has become crucial that healthcare centers be adequately prepared for the unique challenges a pandemic Will present. Rural hospitals face additional challenges due to their remote nature and a lack of shared resources that larger communities possess. Because of their unique characteristics, pandemic preparedness is of the utmost importance for rural hospitals. Effective pandemic preparedness education is critical to ensure the fullest use of available resources including staff, equipment, medicine, facilities, etc. Efficient use of available resources Will likely result in a reduction of illness and potential loss of life. This …
Characterization Of Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes In The Rodent Hippocampus, Christopher A. Knudson
Characterization Of Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes In The Rodent Hippocampus, Christopher A. Knudson
Theses and Dissertations
Catecholaminergic input, acting through adrenergic receptors (AR), serves an important role in regulating the activity of the hippocampus; however, the synaptic elements whereby the abundant input mediates its actions remains obscure. Immunohistochemical and molecular biological techniques and a variety of experimental animal models, were used to examine the adrenergic receptor profiles displayed by distinct populations of neurons (interneurons and principal cells) or glial in rodent hippocampus. In the adult rat, immunoreactive puncta for eight of the nine adrenergic receptor subtypes were differentially distributed amongst regional glia, blood vessels, and neurons of the subiculum, hippocampus proper and dentate gyrus. Developmentally, there …
Development And Application Of A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay For The Myxozoan Parasite Henneguya Ictaluri, Matthew J. Griffin
Development And Application Of A Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay For The Myxozoan Parasite Henneguya Ictaluri, Matthew J. Griffin
Theses and Dissertations
Proliferative gill disease (PGD) caused by the myxozoan parasite Henneguya ictaluri is one of the most devastating parasitic infections in channel catfish aquaculture. Currently, there is no effective treatment for H. ictaluri and the unpredictable outbreaks can result in 100% mortality. Management strategies have been developed to prevent losses in newly stocked fingerlings by evaluating the PGD status of a pond prior to stocking, which is difficult since resident fish may not show clinical signs even when actinospore levels are lethal to naive fish. Current diagnostic methods are limited to the identification of an active infection and methods of predicting …
The Response Of Hn4 Cells To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Dna, Cheyanne Warren
The Response Of Hn4 Cells To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Dna, Cheyanne Warren
Theses and Dissertations
Periodontal disease is one of the most common human diseases. Bacteria trigger the onset and progression of the disease and among them Porphyromonas gingivalis has been demonstrated to be a major etiologic agent. Although the interaction of the bacterium with the host is of major importance for the understanding of the disease mechanisms, both the host as well as the pathogen components involved in the interaction remain poorly understood. One of the bacterial components capable of eliciting a host response is unmethylated CpG DNA motifs found in bacteria. Thus, the first aim was to determine the response of oral epithelial …
An Investigation Of Paraoxonase-1 Activities In The Serum Of Southerners As Related To Gender And Race, Kimberly Ann Davis
An Investigation Of Paraoxonase-1 Activities In The Serum Of Southerners As Related To Gender And Race, Kimberly Ann Davis
Theses and Dissertations
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) has an anti-oxidative function in preventing the formation of oxidized lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) and hydrolyzing the active metabolites of some organophosphate insecticides (e.g., paraoxon and diazoxon) and other non-physiological substrates. PON1Q192R affects PON1 hydrolytic activity and its protective role against oxidative stress, thereby influencing susceptibility to cardiovascular disease among individuals. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of race, gender, and age on PON1 activities and PON1192 genotypes in Caucasian and African American Southerners. Serum samples from 200 individuals (equally distributed race and gender classes, ages 25-55) were assayed spectrophotometrically for paraoxon and diazoxon …
The Investigation Of Innate Immune System Memory In Rag1-/- Mutant Zebrafish, Claudia M. Hohn
The Investigation Of Innate Immune System Memory In Rag1-/- Mutant Zebrafish, Claudia M. Hohn
Theses and Dissertations
The innate immune system in vertebrates is considered to lack specific memory. To investigate innate immune system based immunological protection mediated by cells that are not part of the acquired immune system the Tübingen recombination activation gene1 (rag1)t26683 mutant (MT) zebrafish was chosen. Molecular analysis demonstrated MT zebrafish kidney cells expressed Non-specific Cytotoxic cell receptor protein-1 (NCCRP-1) and Natural Killer cell (NK) lysin but lacked T cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) VH1, VH2, VH3 and VH4 expression. Differential counts of peripheral blood leukocytes indicated that MT fish had decreased lymphocyte populations (34.7%) compared to rag1+/+ wild-type (WT) fish (70.5%), …
Nmr Structure Calculation Of The Halophilic Binary Hvdhfr1:Folate Complex, Arezue Fatemeh Bekrai Boroujerdi
Nmr Structure Calculation Of The Halophilic Binary Hvdhfr1:Folate Complex, Arezue Fatemeh Bekrai Boroujerdi
Theses and Dissertations
Dihydrofolate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Haloferax volcanii is a “salt-loving” microorganism found in the Dead Sea. Such microorganisms have adapted to their extreme environments and now require extremely high salt concentrations to survive. The study of dihydrofolate reductase from Haloferax volcanii with the substrate folate bound, which is the focus of the work presented in this dissertation, offers further understanding of this adaptation. The effect that high salt concentration has on this enzyme is not fully understood; however, this dissertation includes the investigation of the structure of …
Exploratory Study Of The Caregivers' Perceived Barriers To Healthy Eating In The Mississippi Delta, Caroline Ruth Mccracken
Exploratory Study Of The Caregivers' Perceived Barriers To Healthy Eating In The Mississippi Delta, Caroline Ruth Mccracken
Theses and Dissertations
The Mississippi Delta has been recognized for its poverty level and high rate of obesity. As an effort to combat the obesity issue while also considering the poverty issue of the population, a descriptive analysis was developed to understand what intervention might be beneficial. Focus groups were conducted to determine barriers to healthy eating behaviors for children, grades K-2. Focus groups (n=6) with parents or guardians of children from the six elementary schools in the Mississippi Delta were conducted in the Spring of 2007. The emergent themes included, perceived healthy foods, where diet information had been retrieved, and the efforts …
Exploring Cybersex And Alcohol Addiction In College Students, Amy Marie Dendy
Exploring Cybersex And Alcohol Addiction In College Students, Amy Marie Dendy
Theses and Dissertations
Addiction and its staggering impact on today’s society is well established in literature. The existence of co-occuring addictions has been well documented by various researchers. Researchers found that the presence of co-occurring addictions in alcoholics predicted relapse and readmission to treatment for alcohol dependence, reinforcing the need to study the problems created by co-occuring addictions. In college students, there appears to be a clear tendency for addictions to occur together, with alcohol and high risk sexual behavior appearing to co-exist in this population. Today’s college students are deemed as technology savvy students; therefore, the Internet serves as a primary medium …
Rural Breastfeeding Mothers: Five Reasons For Early Cessation, Amy L. Suda
Rural Breastfeeding Mothers: Five Reasons For Early Cessation, Amy L. Suda
Theses and Dissertations
Breastfeeding remains the most natural, convenient, and recommended source of early feeding for newborns. Unfortunately, more women are having potentially preventable problems in the first few weeks after birth which may lead to early cessation of breastfeeding. In the rural area, quick and accessible resources for questions are often hard to come by, leading to the termination of the breastfeeding relationship. This earlier than expected termination may lead to feelings of disappointment, frustration and sadness by the already overburdened new mother. The goal of this project was to identify five common reasons for discontinuation of breastfeeding in the early weeks …
Three Models Of Anthrax Toxin Effects On The Map-Kinase Pathway And Macrophage Survival, Daniel J. Schneider
Three Models Of Anthrax Toxin Effects On The Map-Kinase Pathway And Macrophage Survival, Daniel J. Schneider
Theses and Dissertations
Lethal factor (LF), a component of anthrax toxin, is the primary virulence factor that allows Bacillus anthracis to evade the immune response by blocking the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) enzymes. This research modifies three published MAPK models to reflect this signal inhibition and to estimate a first-order reaction rate by fitting the models to published viability data for two macrophage cell lines cultured with the LF-producing Bacillus anthracis-Vollum1B strain. One model appears to be ill-suited for this purpose because not all relevant MAPK components could be integrated into the inhibition equations. Despite different underlying parameters and values, the …
Gliotoxin Production In Aspergillus Fumigatus, Susan Musyimi
Gliotoxin Production In Aspergillus Fumigatus, Susan Musyimi
Theses and Dissertations
Aspergillus fumigalus is a ubiquitous fungus that causes an infection called aspergillosis in immune-compromised surgery patients (Latge, 2001, 384; Bok et al. 2006). Aspergillosis cases have increased in the past decade due to the increasing number of patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy and receiving organ transplants (Bok et al. 2006). Although there is still disagreement as to the causative agent of the symptoms accompanying aspergillosis, many scientists suspect that the compound, gliotoxin, plays a major role, hi this study, we compared the amounts of gliotoxin produced from clinical and environmental isolates of A. fumigatus. We hypothesized that the amount of gliotoxin …
The Effect Of Cell Type On The Efficacy Of Cmv Antiviral Drugs, Benjamin Meza
The Effect Of Cell Type On The Efficacy Of Cmv Antiviral Drugs, Benjamin Meza
Theses and Dissertations
Until recently, all in vitro drug susceptibility assays of cytomegalovirus (CMV) were performed in clinically irrelevant fibroblast cells. This study sought to test if drug susceptibility was affected by cell type. MRC-5 embryonic lung fibroblasts and ARPE-19 retinal pigmented epithelial cells were infected with BADrUL131-Y4 epithelial/fibroblast tropic virus under serial concentrations of ganciclovir (GCV) or maribavir (MBV). Virus was quantified using plaque reduction, GFP fluorescence, and yield reduction. Both drugs performed less efficiently in ARPE-19 cells. A cell type effect was observed for both plaque reduction and yield reduction assays with implications for the treatment of CMV retinitis as well …
How Well Does Spirituality Predict Health Status In People Living With Hiv-Disease?, Rachel Kidd Cobb
How Well Does Spirituality Predict Health Status In People Living With Hiv-Disease?, Rachel Kidd Cobb
Theses and Dissertations
Problem: The United States of America has one of the highest number of HIV infections in the world; approximately 1.3 million people in North America were living with HIV in 2007. Factors influencing HIV survival are essential to disease management and care. Research findings suggest religion and spirituality may be essential components to health and well-being in individuals with HIV-Disease. Purpose: This study was designed to determine how well spirituality predicted health status in a convenience sample of 39 adults diagnosed with HIV-Disease. Procedure: A model building approach was used to explore relationships among the five variables of the Neuman …
Physicians' Communication With Older Patients, Particularly Older African American Women, About Sexual Health And Sexual Risk Behaviors For Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (Aids)*, Regina Vaughn Gibson
Theses and Dissertations
HIV/AIDS is rising among people age 50 and older in the U.S. but primary care physicians may not be talking to their older patients about sexual health and high-risk sexual behaviors nor routinely testing them for HIV/AIDS. Do primary care physicians in Arkansas obtain sexual histories on their older patients? Are primary care physicians in Arkansas knowledgeable enough about HIV to impart risk-reduction information to their older patients? These are but two of the questions this research seeks to answer. Contrary to what the medical or general population believes, many older persons remain sexually active throughout their lifetime. The problem …
Characterization Of Microorganisms Of Interest To Homeland Security And Public Health Utilizing Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Robert A. Everley
Characterization Of Microorganisms Of Interest To Homeland Security And Public Health Utilizing Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Robert A. Everley
Theses and Dissertations
Liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOF MS) utilizing electrospray ionization was employed to monitor protein expression in Escherichia coli and Shigella organisms. Automated charge state deconvolution, spectral subtraction and spectral mirroring were used to reveal subtle differences in the LC/MS data. Reproducible intact protein biomarkers were discovered based on their unique mass, retention time and relative intensity. These markers were implemented to differentiate closely related strain types, (e.g. two distinct isolates of E. coli O157:H7) and to correctly identify unknown pathogens. Notable, was the distinction of multiple serotypes of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli which cannot be distinguished by clinical …
An Scir Model Of Meningococcal Meningitis, Kalimah Vereen
An Scir Model Of Meningococcal Meningitis, Kalimah Vereen
Theses and Dissertations
A model for meningitis is developed by adding a class of carriers to the basic SIR model. This model is used to analyze the impact a vaccination program can have on the health of the population of epidemic prone countries. Analysis of the model shows the local stability of the disease free equilibrium, the existence of an endemic equilibrium and computation of the reproduction number, ℜ0 . Using a MATLAB program we simulate a time course of the model using parameters gathered from the World Health Organization. The numerical solution demonstrates that our reproduction number was correct. We thenconcluded that …
Augmentation Of T Cell Expansion For Adoptive Immunotherapy By Alternate Gamma Chain Cytokines And By Gemcitabine Mediated Inhibition Of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells, Hanh Le
Theses and Dissertations
Successful treatment of cancer with adoptive immunotherapy (AIT) is dependent on the ability to produce large numbers of tumor-specific, functional T cells. The purpose of this thesis is to explore ways in which T cell expansion could be augmented. We have focused on exploring alternate gamma chain cytokines as stimulators of T cell proliferation and differentiation in addition to investigating the potential usefulness of gemcitabine (GEM) in abrogating the immunosuppressive effects of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). B16 melanoma sensitized draining lymph node cells that have been activated in vitro with bryostatin-1 and ionomycin (B/I) were expanded in either IL-7/15 …
Analysis Of Host Responses Against The Plague, Deanna O'Bryant
Analysis Of Host Responses Against The Plague, Deanna O'Bryant
Theses and Dissertations
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, is endemic to most of the world. Y. pestis' potential threat as a biological warfare agent has drawn increased attention to pathogenesis and vaccine research for the plague. A number of characteristics related both to the host response to, and bacterial pathogenesis of, Y. pestis were examined. To investigate the potential role of MHC Class II antigen presentation during the plague, HLA-DQ8αβ transgenic mice were infected with Y. pestis. DQ8 mice demonstrated a greatly enhanced age-dependent resistance to Y. pestis infection with females more resistant than males, mimicking gender differences in human plague, …
Dielectrophoretic Characterization Of Abo Blood Type, Frequency And Ac Field Strength Of Erythrocytes, Prashant Reuben Daggolu
Dielectrophoretic Characterization Of Abo Blood Type, Frequency And Ac Field Strength Of Erythrocytes, Prashant Reuben Daggolu
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigates the role of ABO blood type of erythrocytes in their dielectrophoretic response. The dielectrophoresis of erythrocytes of positive ABO blood types was studied at 5 V (peak to peak) and 1 MHz frequency AC field. The study revealed that the ABO blood type had an influence on the dielectrophoretic motion of the erythrocytes, particularly separating AB+ and O+ blood types. This is of particular significance since AB+ is a universal acceptor and O+ is a universal donor for blood transfusion purposes. The influence of field parameters, namely field strength and frequency of the AC field, was also …
Effects Of Time Specific F-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation Overlays On Pre-Lay Ts-11-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation On Performance, Egg, Blood, And Visceral Characteristics Of Commercial Egg Laying Hens, Elizabeth Anne Middleton Vance
Effects Of Time Specific F-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation Overlays On Pre-Lay Ts-11-Strain Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Inoculation On Performance, Egg, Blood, And Visceral Characteristics Of Commercial Egg Laying Hens, Elizabeth Anne Middleton Vance
Theses and Dissertations
Vaccination programs using live whole cell vaccines are presently being used to control outbreaks and to help protect flocks from field strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The primary goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a ts11-strain M. gallisepticum inoculation alone, and in conjunction with F-strain M. gallisepticum overlays at 22 or 45 weeks of age during lay. In this study, it was shown that a pre-lay ts11 vaccination had a broad range effect on the physiology of the commercial layer without affecting overall performance. The timing of an overlay vaccination using F-strain M. gallisepticum during lay …
Proteomic Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Sana Mujahid
Proteomic Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes, Sana Mujahid
Theses and Dissertations
Listeria monocytogenes is a deadly, Gram-positive foodborne pathogen that is ubiquitous in the environment. The bacterium expresses a number of virulence and stress adaptation proteins that support its pathogenic capabilities. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to map L. monocytogenes surface proteins, which play a central role in virulence, and to examine protein expression by L. monocytogenes grown on ready-to-eat meat, an important source of Listeria infections. A novel method for solubilization of surface proteins from L. monocytogenes for 2-DE was developed. Additionally, the unique proteome expressed by L. monocytogenes grown on a meat matrix was uncovered. The developed solubilization …
Thermodynamic Evidence That Ganglioside-Mediated Insertion Of Botulinum A Into The Cholinergic Nerve Ending May Precede Endocytosis And Acidification: A Langmuir Film Study, Bradley Adam Strongin
Thermodynamic Evidence That Ganglioside-Mediated Insertion Of Botulinum A Into The Cholinergic Nerve Ending May Precede Endocytosis And Acidification: A Langmuir Film Study, Bradley Adam Strongin
Theses and Dissertations
Botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the most potent toxins known to human kind. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was employed to investigate the conditions under which BoNT type A heavy chain would bind and/or insert into mica supported dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayers. As an alternate technique, DPPC/GT1b or total ganglioside extract (80:20) monolayers of a Langmuir Blodgett (LB) Trough were adapted to be artificial membrane models for toxin insertion studies. We conclude that LB monolayer studies are a promising candidate for BoNT/A membrane insertion investigation. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A insertions into the LB monolayers in the presence of BoNT/A …